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Arruda Gimenes Nantes W, Teixeira Gomes Barreto W, Martins Santos F, Carvalho de Macedo G, Castro Rucco A, de Oliveira Assis W, Edith de Oliveira Porfírio G, Braziliano de Andrade G, Maria Jansen A, Miraglia Herrera H. The influence of parasitism by Trypanosoma cruzi in the hematological parameters of the white ear opossum ( Didelphis albiventris) from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 9:16-20. [PMID: 30976512 PMCID: PMC6441743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Considered ecologically generalist, Didelphis albiventris is reported as reservoir for different species of parasites, especially Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the knowledge about the influence of T. cruzi on hematological parameters of free-living opossum remains scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of T. cruzi on hematological parameters of white-ear opossums (D. albiventris) from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The blood samples and biometric data were collected from 40 opossums captured by Tomahawk and Sherman traps in six urban forest fragments located in the city. The health of these animals was inferred, mainly, by means of blood parameters (PCV, RBC, WBC, MCV and WBC differential). Molecular detection of T. cruzi infection was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), using 18S and 24Sα rDNA region as target. Paired-t-test and simple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. No significant difference was observed between the averages of hematological variables in relation to gender and body condition. The molecular diagnosis showed that 32.5% (13/40) of the opossums were infected by T. cruzi, which presented lymphocytosis (3.4 ± 1.5) and eosinophilia (0.09 ± 0.13). Path analysis showed that T. cruzi infection resulted in increased numbers of lymphocytes and indirectly decreased the body condition of opossums. Moreover T. cruzi infection resulted in a direct effect on decrease of MCV. Overall, our results suggest that T. cruzi infection may represent a risk to health of opossums since the lymphocytosis may cause a secondary damage on body condition of infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Arruda Gimenes Nantes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Costa e Silva Avenue, Cep 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martins Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreza Castro Rucco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - William de Oliveira Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Braziliano de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Tamandaré Avenue, 6000. Jardim Seminário, Cep 79117-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Costa e Silva Avenue, Cep 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Martins Santos F, Carvalho de Macedo G, Teixeira Gomes Barreto W, Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos LG, Martins Garcia C, de Miranda Mourão G, Edith de Oliveira Porfírio G, Domenis Marino E, Rogério André M, Perles L, Elisei de Oliveira C, Braziliano de Andrade G, Jansen AM, Miraglia Herrera H. Outcomes of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma evansi infections on health of Southern coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the Brazilian Pantanal. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201357. [PMID: 30110344 PMCID: PMC6093643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Trypanosoma spp. in wild carnivore populations has been intensively investigated during the last decades. However, the impact of these parasites on the health of free-living infected animals has been largely neglected. The Pantanal biome is the world’s largest seasonal wetland, harboring a great diversity of species and habitats. This includes 174 species of mammals, of which 20 belong to the order Carnivora. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma cruzi infections and coinfections on the health of the most abundant carnivores in the Pantanal: coati (Nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). We captured 39 coatis, 48 crab-eating foxes, and 19 ocelots. Diagnostic tests showed T. cruzi infection in 7 crab-eating foxes and 5 coatis. Additionally, 7 crab-eating foxes, 10 coatis, and 12 ocelots were positive for T. evansi. We observed coinfections in 9 crab-eating foxes, 8 coatis, and 2 ocelots. This is the first report of T. evansi and T. cruzi infection on the health of free-living ocelots and crab-eating foxes. We showed that single T. evansi or T. cruzi infection, as well as coinfection, caused some degree of anemia in all animals, as well as an indirect negative effect on body condition in coatis and crab-eating foxes via anemia indicators and immune investment, respectively. Furthermore, the vigorous immune investment observed in sampled coatis, crab-eating foxes and ocelots infected by T. evansi, T. cruzi and coinfected can be highly harmful to their health. Overall, our results indicate that single and combined infection with T. evansi and T. cruzi represent a severe risk to the health of wild carnivores in the Pantanal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Martins Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Martins Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Miranda Mourão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Vida Selvagem, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Pantanal, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Edith de Oliveira Porfírio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elizangela Domenis Marino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Perles
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Elisei de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Braziliano de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Steward MW. Immunopathological mechanisms in the induction of parasitic diseases with particular reference to type III hypersensitivity reactions. Parasitology 1987; 94 Suppl:S139-58. [PMID: 3295689 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000085863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the primary immune response to an infectious agent, specific memory cells are generated which enable the immune system to respond more rapidly and efficiently to re-exposure to the same agent. Under normal circumstances, this acquired resistance leads to the effective elimination of the agent, and recovery. However, under certain circumstances these secondary infections, rather than aiding recovery, actually produce tissue damage and often contribute to the disease process. This stage has been termed hypersensitivity and such hypersensitivity reactions play an important role in the immunopathology of several diseases. Coombs & Gell (1963) have classified hypersensitivity into four types of reaction. Types I, II and III involve antibody-mediated processes whereas type IV is mediated solely by lymphocytes. Many parasitic infections have characteristics which would appear to predispose the host to the development of hypersensitivity states and consequent immunopathology. These include (1) the chronicity of the infections, (2) the release of parasite antigens in large amounts and their persistence in the circulation and host tissues, (3) the sharing of antigens between parasite and host and (4) the ability of the parasite to damage host tissues and alter their antigenicity. However, direct evidence that these mechanisms lead to the development of immunopathology in parasitic infections is limited. In this article, these four types of hypersensitivity will be briefly discussed in the context of the immunopathology following parasite infection. There then follows a more extensive consideration of type III hypersensitivity with particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the development of immune-complex mediated disease.
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