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Leroux M, Bouazizi-Ben Messaoud H, Luquain-Costaz C, Jordheim LP, Le Faouder P, Gustin MP, Aoun K, Lawton P, Azzouz-Maache S, Delton I. Enriched PUFA environment of Leishmania infantum promastigotes promotes the accumulation of lipid mediators and favors parasite infectivity towards J774 murine macrophages. Lipids 2023; 58:81-92. [PMID: 36544247 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and of canine leishmaniosis. The macrophage is the predilected host cell of Leishmania in which the promastigote stage is transformed into amastigote. We previously showed changes in the fatty acid composition (FA) of lipids in two strains of Leishmania donovani upon differentiation of promastigote to amastigote, including increased proportions of arachidonic acid (AA) and to a less extent of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we carried out supplementation with AA or DHA on two Leishmania infantum strains, a visceral (MON-1) and a cutaneous (MON-24), to evaluate the role of these FA in parasite/macrophage interactions. The proportions of AA or DHA in total lipids were significantly increased in promastigotes cultured in AA- or DHA-supplemented media compared to controls. The content of FA-derived oxygenated metabolites was enhanced in supplemented strains, generating especially epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (11,12- and 14,15-EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5- and 8- HETE) from AA, and hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (14- and 17-HDoHE) from DHA. For both MON-1 and MON-24, AA-supplemented promastigotes showed higher infectivity towards J774 macrophages as evidenced by higher intracellular amastigote numbers. Higher infectivity was observed after DHA supplementation for MON-24 but not MON-1 strain. ROS production by macrophages increased upon parasite infection, but only minor change was observed between control and supplemented parasites. We propose that under high AA or DHA environment that is associated with AA or DHA enrichment of promastigote lipids, FA derivatives can accumulate in the parasite, thereby modulating parasite infectivity towards host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Leroux
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Céline Luquain-Costaz
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSA-Lyon, Department of Biosciences, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lars P Jordheim
- Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, MetaboHUB, I2MC Inserm U1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gustin
- Inserm 1111, CNRS UMR5308, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, ENS de Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Karim Aoun
- Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR 11-IPT-06 Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Lawton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samira Azzouz-Maache
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Delton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,INSA-Lyon, Department of Biosciences, Villeurbanne, France
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Leroux M, Luquain-Costaz C, Lawton P, Azzouz-Maache S, Delton I. Fatty Acid Composition and Metabolism in Leishmania Parasite Species: Potential Biomarkers or Drug Targets for Leishmaniasis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054702. [PMID: 36902138 PMCID: PMC10003364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have received growing interest in Leishmania biology with the characterization of the enzymes allowing the complete fatty acid synthesis of this trypanosomatid parasite. This review presents a comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles of the major classes of lipids and phospholipids in different species of Leishmania with cutaneous or visceral tropism. Specificities relating to the parasite forms, resistance to antileishmanial drugs, and host/parasite interactions are described as well as comparisons with other trypanosomatids. Emphasis is placed on polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolic and functional specificities, in particular, their conversion into oxygenated metabolites that are inflammatory mediators able to modulate metacyclogenesis and parasite infectivity. The impact of lipid status on the development of leishmaniasis and the potential of fatty acids as therapeutic targets or candidates for nutritional interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Leroux
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Luquain-Costaz
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Lawton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samira Azzouz-Maache
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Delton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
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Kühne V, Rezaei Z, Pitzinger P, Büscher P. Systematic review on antigens for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, with a focus on East Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007658. [PMID: 31415564 PMCID: PMC6711545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate and accessible diagnosis is key for the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Yet, current diagnostic tests for VL have severe limitations: they are invasive or not suitable as point of care (POC) test or their performance is suboptimal in East Africa. We analysed the antigens in the VL serodiagnostics development pipeline to identify shortcomings and to propose strategies in the development of an alternative POC test for VL in East Africa. Objectives The objective of this study was to identify and to analyse all antigens for VL serodiagnosis that have been published before 2018 in order to identify candidates and gaps in the pipeline for a new POC test in East Africa. Methods A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed for original research articles on Leishmania-specific antigens for antibody detection of VL in humans. From each article, the following information was extracted: the antigen name, test format and characteristics, its reported sensitivity and specificity and study cohort specifications. Results One hundred and seven articles containing information about 96 tests based on 89 different antigens were included in this study. Eighty six of these tests, comprising 80 antigens, were evaluated in phase I and II studies only. Only 20 antigens, all of which are native, contain a carbohydrate and/or lipid moiety. Twenty-four antigens, of which 7 are non-native, are composed of antigen mixtures. Nineteen tests, comprising 18 antigens, have been evaluated on East African specimens, of which only 2 (rK28 based immunochromatographic test and intact promastigote based indirect fluorescent antibody technique) consistently showed sensitivities above 94 and specificities above 97% in a phase III study and one in a phase II study (dot blot with SLA). Only rK28 is a non-native mixture of antigens which we consider suitable for further evaluation and implementation. Conclusions The development pipeline for an alternative serodiagnostic test for VL is almost empty. Most antigens are not sufficiently evaluated. Non-protein antigens and antigen mixtures are being neglected. We propose to expand the evaluation of existing antigen candidates and to investigate the diagnostic potential of defined non-native carbohydrate and lipid antigens for VL serodiagnosis in East Africa. Visceral leishmaniasis is a potentially fatal disease that affects more than 20 000 people every year. Its diagnosis is difficult since the clinical symptoms are not specific and the existing diagnostic tests are not useful in limited resource countries or they a not accurate enough in East Africa. In this review we performed a systematic search of the published literature to analyse the potential candidate antigens in the pipeline for a new antibody detection test in East Africa. We found 96 tests based on 89 antigens. Eighty six of these tests were evaluated in a study design that is insufficient (phase I and II) to make conclusions on their performance in clinical practice. We found that the candidate antigens either lacked carbohydrate or lipid structures or are based on single antigens as opposed to mixtures or are extracted from the causative parasite itself, making them expensive and prone to variations. Considering that the most widely used diagnostic test does not detect all cases of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa, we analysed how many of the candidate antigens were tested on East African specimens: We found that only 2 tests (rK28 based immunochromatographic test and the intact promastigote based indirect fluorescent antibody technique) that were tested in a phase III study and only one (dot blot with SLA) that was tested in a phase II study performed well according to our criteria. Due to the antigen characteristics we consider only the rK28 based test as suitable for further evaluation and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kühne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Paul Pitzinger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philippe Büscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Gomez-Barroso D, Herrador Z, San Martín JV, Gherasim A, Aguado M, Romero-Maté A, Molina L, Aparicio P, Benito A. Spatial distribution and cluster analysis of a leishmaniasis outbreak in the south-western Madrid region, Spain, September 2009 to April 2013. Euro Surveill 2015; 20:11-20. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.7.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gomez-Barroso
- Network Biomedical Research Centre in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this article
- Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Z Herrador
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
- National Centre for Tropical Medicine, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - J V San Martín
- Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gherasim
- National Centre for Tropical Medicine, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Aguado
- Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Molina
- Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Aparicio
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
- National Centre for Tropical Medicine, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Benito
- National Centre for Tropical Medicine, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research on Tropical Diseases (RICET in Spanish), Madrid, Spain
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Srividya G, Kulshrestha A, Singh R, Salotra P. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: developments over the last decade. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1065-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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de la Guardia RD, Lopez MB, Burgos M, Osuna A. Purification and characterization of a protein capable of binding to fatty acids and bile salts in Giardia lamblia. J Parasitol 2011; 97:642-7. [PMID: 21506852 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2469.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific fatty acid binding protein was isolated from Giardia lamblia, using an affinity column with butyric acid acting as a ligand in place of stearic acid. This method has proved to be more efficient than the one previously described using stearic acid as ligand. The purified fraction showed 8 electrophoretic bands of proteins, with molecular weights ranging between 8 and 80 kDa. This pattern is a consequence of the aggregation of a protein with a molecular weight of 8,215 Da, corresponding to the lower molecular weight band, the only one capable of binding to fatty acids. The labeled oleic acid bound to these purified proteins was replaced by a 100-fold greater concentration of taurocholate, glycocholate, deoxycholate, palmitic acid, and arachidonic acid, having a greater displacement of the bile salts than the free fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Diaz de la Guardia
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Grupo de Bioquimica y Parasitologia Molecular, Campus de Fuentenueva, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Viana GMC, Nascimento MDSB, Diniz Neto JA, Rabelo EMF, Binda Júnior JR, Santos Júnior OM, Santos AC, Galvão CS, Guimarães RS. Anti-Leishmania titers and positive skin tests in patients cured of kala-azar. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 44:62-5. [PMID: 21103789 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is an important public health problem. If not treated, virtually all clinically symptomatic patients die within months. The diagnosis is based on the Montenegro skin test (MST) and anti-Leishmania titers. Nevertheless, the time required for cured individuals living in a leishmaniasis-endemic area to present a positive skin test and negative anti-Leishmania serology is known. To determine the cellular and humoral immune response profile in relation to different times post-VL cure, a cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects from a kala-azar endemic area in Paço do Lumiar, MA, Brazil, on the basis of 1995-2005 notifications reported by the National Health Foundation/Regional Coordination of Maranhão. We visited cured individuals with a history of VL within the last 10 years. Seventy-four subjects (30 females) ranging in age from 1 to 44 years were included, all of them symptom free at the time of the study. A cellular immune response was observed in 73 (98.6%) subjects, whereas no significant antibody titers were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in the sera of 69 (93.2%) cases. Ten years post-cure, 39 (52%) subjects had a positive MST and negative IIF reaction, while in one subject the skin and anti-Leishmania serology tests were negative. Two other subjects were positive in both tests 1 year after cure. These data suggest that a cellular immune response may still be present in subjects cured of VL regardless of post-cure time, and that the parasite persists in the host after clinical cure of the disease. This would explain the persistence of significant Leishmania sp antibody titers in some subjects after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M C Viana
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil.
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Azzouz S, Maache M, Osuna A, Sarciron ME, Petavy AF. Fatty Acid Binding Protein of Toxoplasma gondii: Isolation and Study of the Biochemical Characteristics. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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López-Abán J, Casanueva P, Nogal J, Arias M, Morrondo P, Diez-Baños P, Hillyer GV, Martínez-Fernández AR, Muro A. Progress in the development of Fasciola hepatica vaccine using recombinant fatty acid binding protein with the adjuvant adaptation system ADAD. Vet Parasitol 2007; 145:287-96. [PMID: 17275191 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) have been designed as a potential vaccine against fasciolosis. In this work, the immunoprophylaxis of the recombinant Fh15 FABP from F. hepatica (Fh15) in adjuvant/immunomodulator ADAD system was evaluated using mice and sheep challenged with F. hepatica. The ADAD system combines the Fh15 antigen with an immunomodulator (hydroalcoholic extract of Polypodium leucotomos; PAL) and/or an adjuvant (saponins of Quillaja saponaria; Qs) in a water/oil emulsion (30/70) with a non-mineral oil (Montanide). All the infected control mice died by 41-48 days post-infection. The mice vaccinated with ADAD only with PAL+Fh15 present a survival rate of 40-50% and those vaccinated with ADAD containing PAL+Qs+Fh15 had a survival rate of 50-62.5%. IgG1 antibodies were lower in surviving mice in comparison with non-surviving mice. The sheep vaccinated with ADAD PAL+Qs+Fh15 showed lower fluke recovery (43%), less hepatic lesions and higher post-infection daily weight gain than F. hepatica infected control animals. Thus, the ADAD system using recombinant fatty acid binding proteins from F. hepatica could be a good option to develop vaccines against F. hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López-Abán
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. Campo Charro s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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