1
|
Liang H, Wang R, Luo T, Yuan M, He X, Jin R, Zhao Y, Tong R, Nie Y. Operation-friendly and accurate naked-eye observation assay for fast zoonotic echinococcosis and pulmonary tuberculosis monitoring in clinics. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1314:342769. [PMID: 38876513 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Echinococcosis and tuberculosis are two common zoonotic diseases that can cause severe pulmonary infections. Early screening and treatment monitoring are of great significance, especially in areas with limited medical resources. Herein, we designed an operation-friendly and rapid magnetic enrichment-silver acetylene chromogenic immunoassay (Me-Sacia) to monitor the antibody. The main components included secondary antibody-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-Ab2) as capture nanoparticles, specific peptide (EG95 or CFP10)-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNP-PTs) as detection nanoparticles, and alkyne-modified gold nanoflowers as chromogenic nanoparticles. Based on the magnetic separation and plasma luminescence techniques, Me-Sacia could completely replace the colorimetric assay of biological enzymes. It reduced the detection time to approximately 1 h and simplified the labor-intensive and equipment-intensive processes associated with conventional ELISA. Meanwhile, the Me-Sacia showed universality for various blood samples and intuitive observation with the naked eye. Compared to conventional ELISA, Me-Sacia lowered the detection limit by approximately 96.8 %, increased the overall speed by approximately 15 times, and improved sensitivity by approximately 7.2 %, with a 100 % specificity and a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 15 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tianying Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poggio TV, Chacon T, Larrieu E. Successful control of Echinococcosis in Argentina and Chile through a One Health approach, including vaccination of the sheep intermediate host. Parasitology 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38699823 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis control in South American countries requires a comprehensive integrative ‘One Health’ approach. While insular nations have seen successful in their elimination programmes, South American countries face persistent challenges in hostile environments, with Echinococcus granulosus s.l., posing a significant public health concern. Vaccination of intermediate hosts has demonstrated the efficacy of the EG95 vaccine in reducing transmission rates. For example, since 2009, Rio Negro Province in Argentina has added, with marked success, the EG95 vaccine to the control programme, supplementing dog deworming. The Aysen Region of Chile has also reported encouraging preliminary results in reducing cyst prevalence in vaccinated sheep after 3 years of vaccination. The challenges in aligning control strategies with socio-cultural factors, especially in indigenous communities, underlines the need for context-specific strategies. The Rio Negro programme demonstrated commendable compliance, underlining the importance of community engagement in achieving lasting success. The most promising strategies for effective echinococcosis control involved dog deworming and the routine vaccination of sheep and/or goats, underscoring the importance of sustained implementation until all grazing animals have been replaced. For lasting success, these interventions need to be combined with a robust surveillance system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Veronica Poggio
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "César Milstein"- Fundación Cassara - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomas Chacon
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Dirección Regional Aysén, Aysen, Chile
| | - Edmundo Larrieu
- Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, General Pico, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro, Escuela de Veterinaria, Choele Choel, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang J, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Lv Y, Zhu Y, Zhu M, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu C, Zhao W. Recombinant antigen P29 of Echinococcus granulosus induces Th1, Tc1, and Th17 cell immune responses in sheep. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243204. [PMID: 38187382 PMCID: PMC10768560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a common human and animal parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and animal husbandry. Although studies have been conducted on vaccines for echinococcosis, to date, there is no human vaccine available for use. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of in-depth research on basic immunization with vaccines. Our previous results confirmed that recombinant antigen P29 (rEg.P29) induced more than 90% immune protection in both mice and sheep, but data on its induction of sheep-associated cellular immune responses are lacking. In this study, we investigated the changes in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and antigen-specific cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A after rEg.P29 immunization using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry to investigate the cellular immune response induced by rEg.P29 in sheep. It was found that rEg.P29 immunization did not affect the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and was able to stimulate the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after immunization in vitro. Importantly, the results of both ELISPOT and ELISA showed that rEg.P29 can induce the production of the specific cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17A, and flow cytometry verified that rEg.P29 can induce the expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and IL-17A in CD4+ T cells; however, no IL-4 expression was observed. These results indicate that rEg.P29 can induce Th1, Th17, and Tc1 cellular immune responses in sheep against echinococcosis infection, providing theoretical support for the translation of rEg.P29 vaccine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Yang
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lv Y, Chang L, Yang J, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Wu C, Zhao W. Immunogenicity of peptide-based vaccine composed of epitopes from Echinococcus granulosus rEg.P29. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22819. [PMID: 36848174 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201636r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is one of the main causes of economic loss in the livestock industry because of its food-borne transmission. Cutting off the transmission route is a valid prevention method, and vaccines are the most effective means of controlling and eliminating infectious diseases. However, no human-related vaccine has been yet marketed. As a genetic engineering vaccine, recombinant protein P29 of E. granulosus (rEg.P29) could provide protection against deadly challenges. In this study, we generated peptide vaccines (rEg.P29T , rEg.P29B , and rEg.P29T+B ) based on rEg.P29 and an immunized model was established by subcutaneous immunization. Further evaluation showed that peptide vaccine immunization in mice induced T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cellular immune responses, leading to high levels of rEg.P29 or rEg.P29B -specific antibodies. In addition, rEg.P29T+B immunization can induce a higher antibody and cytokine production level than single-epitope vaccines, and immune memory is also longer. Collectively, these results suggest that rEg.P29T+B has the potential to be developed as an efficient subunit vaccine for use in areas where E. granulosus is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Liangliang Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu T, Liu L, Shi C, Liu W, Wang M, Tian L, Zheng Y, Wang H, Zheng W, He H, Xia X, Zheng X. A recombinant rabies virus expressing Echinococcus granulosus EG95 induces protective immunity in mice. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e254-e266. [PMID: 34403194 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus (E, is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution, resulting in heavy impact to public health and social economics. In this study, we generated a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) expressing EG95 protein of E. granulosus (LBNSE-EG95) as a bivalent candidate vaccine for use in sheep and cattle against CE and rabies, which is another severe health threat in CE-endemic areas. It was found that EG95 was successfully expressed without altering the pathogenicity of parent LBNSE vector. Further study showed that LBNSE-EG95 immunization in mice elicited activation of dendric cells (DCs) and B cells and induced Th1-/Th2-mediated cellular immune responses, leading to robust production of RABV neutralizing antibodies and high level of EG95-sepecific antibodies with more than 90% protection against CE. In addition, single dose of LBNSE-EG95 conferred full protection against lethal RABV challenge in mice. Collectively, these results suggest that the recombinant LBNSE-EG95 has the potential to be developed as an efficient bivalent vaccine for sheep and cattle use in endemic areas of CE and rabies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenjuan Shi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbin He
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Assessment of the Vaccination Program against Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep in the Pehuenche Community of Central Chile. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060679. [PMID: 35327078 PMCID: PMC8944607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonosis that uses dogs and sheep as its main hosts in Chile. The Eg95 vaccine against sheep infection has been included in some control programs. Here, we assess the efficacy of the vaccination program in the hyperendemic Alto Biobío commune after 3 years of execution. Fisher’s test and generalized linear models were used in the assessment. The program tried to offer a first dose at 2 months of age, a booster 1 month later, and yearly vaccination. Given logistic difficulties, important delays in vaccination occurred, and most animals did not receive the first booster. Dog deworming was not included in the program. Likely due to the aforementioned factors, the overall frequency of infection was not lower, but the proportion of large (>5 mm) cysts and fertile cysts was smaller after the program. The frequency of infection and/or the number of cysts were lower when the age at first dose was younger and the first booster was administered 1 month after the first dose. The results suggest that vaccination affects both cyst development after the larvae reach the target organs, as well as the development of the protoscolex once the cysts start developing.
Collapse
|
7
|
Anvari D, Rezaei F, Ashouri A, Rezaei S, Majidiani H, Pagheh AS, Rezaei F, Shariatzadeh SA, Fotovati A, Siyadatpanah A, Gholami S, Ahmadpour E. Current situation and future prospects of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine candidates: A systematic review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1080-1096. [PMID: 32762075 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, represents a threat for livestock and humans, manifests as a quiescent, subclinical and chronic hydatid cyst infection. The disease imposes high expenditures and economic losses in medical and veterinary. Prophylactic vaccination would be one of the effective preventive health care against echinococcosis. During the last decades, many studies have characterized the protective antigens of Echinococcus granulosus and their role in immunization of various animal host species. Herein, we aimed to systematically evaluate and represent the best antigens as possible vaccine candidates for cystic echinococcosis. Data were systematically searched from five databases including ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science, up to 1 February 2020. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed data extraction and quality assessment. A total of 47 articles were eligible for inclusion criteria in the current study. The most common antigens used for vaccination against E. granulosus were EG95 and antigen B. Freund's adjuvant and Quil A have been predominantly utilized. In addition, regarding the antigen delivery, animal models, measurement of immune responses and reduction in hydatid cyst have been discussed in the text. The data demonstrated that DNA vaccines with antigen B and recombinant protein vaccines based on EG95 antigen have the best results and elicited protective immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Anvari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ashouri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezaei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Majidiani
- Zonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abdol Sattar Pagheh
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Shariatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.,Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Fotovati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Shirzad Gholami
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jazouli M, Lightowlers MW, Bamouh Z, Gauci CG, Tadlaoui K, Ennaji MM, Elharrak M. Immunological responses and potency of the EG95NC - recombinant sheep vaccine against cystic echinococcosis. Parasitol Int 2020; 78:102149. [PMID: 32464256 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The disease has an important impact on human health as well as economic costs including the cost of treatment as well as loss of productivity for the livestock industry. In many parts of the world where the disease is endemic, sheep and other livestock play an important role in the parasite's transmission. A vaccine to protect livestock against CE can be effective in reducing transmission and economic costs of the disease. A recombinant antigen vaccine has been developed against infection with E. granulosus (EG95) which could potentially be used to reduce the level of E. granulosus transmission and decrease the incidence of human infections. Further development of the EG95 recombinant vaccine as a combined product with clostridial vaccine antigens is one potential strategy which could improve application of the hydatid vaccine by providing an indirect economic incentive to livestock owners to vaccinate against CE. In this study we investigated the efficacy of the EG95 recombinant vaccine produced in Morocco by vaccination of sheep, including a combined vaccine incorporating EG95 and clostridia antigens. Vaccination with EG95 either as a monovalent vaccine or combined with clostridia antigens, protected sheep against a challenge infection with E. granulosus eggs and induced a strong, long lasting, and specific antibody response against the EG95 antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jazouli
- Research and Development of Recombinant Vaccine, Multi-Chemical Industry, Lot. 157, Z I, Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P.:278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco; Laboratory of Virology, Hygiene and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan II-Casablanca, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M W Lightowlers
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Z Bamouh
- Research and Development of Recombinant Vaccine, Multi-Chemical Industry, Lot. 157, Z I, Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P.:278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - C G Gauci
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - K Tadlaoui
- Research and Development of Recombinant Vaccine, Multi-Chemical Industry, Lot. 157, Z I, Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P.:278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M M Ennaji
- Laboratory of Virology, Hygiene and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Hassan II-Casablanca, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M Elharrak
- Research and Development of Recombinant Vaccine, Multi-Chemical Industry, Lot. 157, Z I, Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P.:278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Varcasia A, Dessì G, Lattanzio S, Marongiu D, Cuccuru C, Carta S, Meloni MP, Tamponi C, Scala A. Cystic echinococcosis in the endemic island of Sardinia (Italy): has something changed? Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2207-2215. [PMID: 32447517 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a disease of livestock and humans caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) species complex and occurs especially in areas where sheep breeding is widespread. This survey evaluates, after more than a decade since the last epidemiological survey, the current situation and trend of CE in sheep of the highly endemic island of Sardinia (Italy). From 2012 to 2018, out of a total of 1416 sheep, 65.3% were found positive for CE. Cyst fertility has increased slightly from 10.3% in 2006 (Scala et al. 2006) to 11.7% in the present survey (χ2 = 1.07; P = 0.30018) with a peak of 14.0% in the province of Sassari. Overall, 6815 hydatids were found and classified as sterile (26.2%), fertile (14.4%), caseous (5.3%), or calcified (54.1%) based on their morphology. All isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (former G1/G3, strains). Results shown as the implementation of new European Council Regulations and in particular of 21/2004 that established a system for the individual identification and tracking of sheep could be a step forward towards a better control of animal movement, preventing illegal slaughtering on the island as well as in other countries experiencing similar problems. Even if at first sight the general situation of Sardinia regarding CE seems a little better compared with the past, our findings indicate that in some Provinces the epidemiological situation is not improved since 2006.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Dessì
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Lattanzio
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Cuccuru
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Carta
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Meloni
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Tamponi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scala
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Devi MA, Venumadhav T, Sukanya B, Manmada RT, Gopal P, Rammurti S. Role of Imaging in Diagnosis, Predicting Biological Activity and in Treatment Plan of Hydatid Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ojim.2018.83018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Valizadeh M, Haghpanah B, Badirzadeh A, Roointan E, Fallahi S, Raeghi S. Immunization of sheep against Echinococcus granulosus with protoscolex tegumental surface antigens. Vet World 2017; 10:854-858. [PMID: 28919673 PMCID: PMC5591468 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.854-858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cystic echinococcosis (CE) has potential economic effects to both animal products and human health. A vaccine to protect livestock against CE can be effective in reducing economic costs and increasing the livestock products. Protoscolex tegumental surface antigens (PSTSA) used to induce the production of specific antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. The tegumental antigens were extracted from viable protoscolices by solubilization in sterile phosphate-buffered saline containing decanoyl-N-methylglucamine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten lambs which were infected with CE (positive control), 10 negative control, and 10 test groups of sheep were included in the study. 300 µg emulsion of purified-PSTSA was injected intramuscularly in a two-step immunization on the first and 30 days. Sera were collected immediately before immunization and 6 times with 10-day intervals until 60 days post immunization. Thereafter, the sera were tested for antibodies by indirect hemagglutination test in microtiter plate. RESULTS After two immunizations, all the infected animals in test group showed substantial increases in antibody titer. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the titer obtained in the test and negative control groups in both phases of immunization (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results showed that the PSTSA is a promising immunogenic compound for immunization of sheep against CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Valizadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Haghpanah
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Roointan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Larrieu E, Poggio TV, Mujica G, Gauci CG, Labanchi JL, Herrero E, Araya D, Grizmado C, Calabro A, Talmon G, Crowley P, Santillán G, Vizcaychipi K, Seleiman M, Sepulveda L, Arezo M, Cachau MG, Lamberti R, Molina L, Gino L, Donadeu M, Lightowlers MW. Pilot field trial of the EG95 vaccine against ovine cystic echinococcosis in Rio Negro, Argentina: Humoral response to the vaccine. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:258-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
13
|
Umair S, Pernthaner A, Deng Q, Gibson B, Hook S, Heath D. Preliminary evaluation of a thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel for Echinococcus granulosus vaccine delivery. Vet Parasitol 2017; 236:117-120. [PMID: 28288754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The EG95 vaccine is effective in protecting grazing animals from infection with Echinococcus granulosus. Six male lambs were used in the study, two were each vaccinated subcutaneously with 50μg EG95/1mg Quil-A, two animals were each vaccinated with 50μg EG95/1mg Quil-A in 1% chitosan thermolabile gel subcutaneously, and two animals served as non-vaccinated controls. Two vaccinations were given at a 7 week interval. Two vaccinations induced a significantly higher antibody titre in the chitosan group compared with the Quil-A only group. The chitosan vaccine group also had a significantly higher antibody titre compared with a positive control sera from vaccinated and challenged sheep. Incorporating the EG95/Quil-A vaccine in a thermo-responsive chitosan sol-gel stimulated, after the second injection, a high level of antibody absorbance which remained high for at least one year. This response was significantly greater than the response to vaccine without the gel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Umair
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Anton Pernthaner
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Qing Deng
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Blake Gibson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Heath
- The Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Ltd, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A study of morphological aspects of cystic echinococcosis in sheep in Sardinia. Acta Trop 2016; 159:200-10. [PMID: 27060775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the morphological and structural aspects of hydatid cysts recovered from sheep raised in southern Sardinia during two surveys conducted over the 20 years since the last control attempt at the end of the 1980s. In the first study carried out during 1995-1997, a few years after the last control attempt, a total of 10,334 cysts were examined, recovered from 1029 infected sheep out of a total of 1375 inspected (prevalence 74.84%). In the second survey, conducted ten years later during the period 2005-2010 in the absence of specific control measures, a total of 6249 cysts were recovered from 916 parasitized sheep out of the 1414 examined (prevalence 64.78%). Cysts were grouped into 5 different types: "Unilocular", "Multisepted", "Calcified", "Caseous", "Hyperlaminated". Unilocular: fertile, consist of a single fluid-filled cavity; multisepted: generally sterile, fluid filled, with cavity divided into spheroidal chambers (3-dozen); calcified: sterile, small, with internal chambers almost virtual due to the thickening of internal septa; caseous: sterile, the cavity filled with a thick yellowish matrix; hyperlaminated: sterile, with a virtual cavity filled with extensively folded and overlapping sheets of hyperproduced laminated tissue. A thorough knowledge and the precise characterization of each type of lesion, making it possible to establish detailed parameters for cyst classification, appears very useful for the harmonization of data collection. From a surveillance and control perspective it is proposed that, in addition to other relevant epidemiological information, data from meat inspection be further improved, including morpho-functional indications about cyst type.
Collapse
|
15
|
Poggio TV, Jensen O, Mossello M, Iriarte J, Avila HG, Gertiser ML, Serafino JJ, Romero S, Echenique MA, Dominguez DE, Barrios JR, Heath D. Serology and longevity of immunity against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and llama induced by an oil-based EG95 vaccine. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:496-502. [PMID: 27104482 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An oil-based formulation of the EG95 vaccine to protect grazing animals against infection with Echinococcus granulosus was formulated in Argentina. The efficacy of the vaccine was monitored by serology in sheep and llama (Lama glama) and was compared to the serology in sheep previously published using a QuilA-adjuvanted vaccine. Long-term efficacy was also tested in sheep by challenging with E. granulosus eggs of the G1 strain 4 years after the beginning of the trial. The serological results for both sheep and llama were similar to those described previously, except that there was a more rapid response after the first vaccination. A third vaccination given after 1 year resulted in a transient boost in serology that lasted for about 12 months, which was similar to results previously described. Sheep challenged after 4 years with three vaccinations presented 84·2% reduction of live cysts counts compared with control group, and after a fourth vaccination prior to challenge, this reduction was 94·7%. The oil-based vaccine appeared to be bio-equivalent to the QuilA vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T V Poggio
- Centro de Virologia Animal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein" - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Jensen
- Centro de Investigación en Zoonosis, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M Mossello
- Departamento Zooantroponosis, Ministerio de Salud, Chubut, Argentina
| | - J Iriarte
- Departamento Zooantroponosis, Ministerio de Salud, Chubut, Argentina
| | - H G Avila
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IMPAM-CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Gertiser
- Centro de Investigación en Zoonosis, Chubut, Argentina
| | - J J Serafino
- Centro de Virologia Animal, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein" - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Romero
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA, Abra Pampa, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - M A Echenique
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA, Abra Pampa, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - D E Dominguez
- Dirección de Sanidad Animal, Subsecretaría de Ganadería y Agricultura, Ministerio de Desarrollo Territorial y Sectores Productivos, Chubut, Argentina
| | - J R Barrios
- Oficina Local Puerto Madryn, Dirección de Sanidad Animal, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Animal (SENASA), Argentina
| | - D Heath
- AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang H, Li Z, Gao F, Zhao J, Zhu M, He X, Niu N, Zhao W. Immunoprotection of recombinant Eg.P29 against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:73-9. [PMID: 27094043 PMCID: PMC4870292 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the immunoprotection of recombinant Eg.P29 (rEg.P29) vaccine and analyze the underlying mechanism in sheep. METHODS Three groups of male sheep were immunized subcutaneously with rEg.P29 and PBS, Freund's complete adjuvant as controls, respectively. After prime-boost vaccination, the sheep were challenged with encapsulated Echinococcus granulosus eggs. The percentage of protection in sheep was determined 36 weeks after the infection. Humoral immune response was analyzed for specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgE levels. Moreover, cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4,and IL-10 were also evaluated. RESULTS Immunization with rEg.P29 induced protective immune responses up to 94.5 %, compared with immunoadjuvant group. The levels of specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgE as well as IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 significantly increased after two immunizations (P < 0.05); however, the levels of IgM and IL-10 did not show difference. CONCLUSION rEg.P29 showed Immunoprotection and induced Th1 and Th2 immune responses; hence, rEg.P29 is a potential vaccine for E. granulosus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Zihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Institute of Clinical Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Centre of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Institute of Clinical Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma X, Zhao H, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Peng S, Ma H, Cao C, Xin Y, Yimiti D, Wen H, Ding J. Activity in mice of recombinant BCG-EgG1Y162 vaccine for Echinococcus granulosus infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:170-5. [PMID: 26266551 PMCID: PMC4962714 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1064564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus which is distributed worldwide. The disease is difficult to treat with surgery removal is the only cure treatment. In the high endemic areas, vaccination of humans is believed a way to protect communities from the disease. In this study we vaccinated BALB/c mice with rBCG-EgG1Y162, and then detected the level of IgG and IgE specifically against the recombinant protein by ELISA, rBCG-EgG1Y162 induced strong and specific cellular and humoral immune responses. In vitro study showed that rBCG-EgG1Y162 vaccine not only promote splenocytes proliferation but also active T cell. In addition, the rBCG-EgG1Y162 induced a protection in the mice against secondary infection of Echinococcus granulosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Ma
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China.,b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Yuejie Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Shanshan Peng
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Haimei Ma
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Chunbao Cao
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Yan Xin
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Delixiati Yimiti
- b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Hao Wen
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- a State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research (2010DS890294); Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis; First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China.,b College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University ; Urumqi , Xinjiang , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rogan MT, Bodell AJ, Craig PS. Post-encystment/established immunity in cystic echinococcosis: is it really that simple? Parasite Immunol 2014; 37:1-9. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Rogan
- Cestode Zoonoses Research Group; School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Salford M54WT UK
| | - A. J. Bodell
- Cestode Zoonoses Research Group; School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Salford M54WT UK
| | - P. S. Craig
- Cestode Zoonoses Research Group; School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Salford M54WT UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heath DD, Robinson C, Lightowlers MW. Maternal antibody parameters of cattle and calves receiving EG95 vaccine to protect against Echinococcus granulosus. Vaccine 2012; 30:7321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
20
|
DUTTON S, FLEMING SB, UEDA N, HEATH DD, HIBMA MH, MERCER AA. Delivery of Echinococcus granulosus antigen EG95 to mice and sheep using recombinant vaccinia virus. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:312-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Heath DD, Robinson C, Shakes T, Huang Y, Gulnur T, Shi B, Zhang Z, Anderson GA, Lightowlers MW. Vaccination of bovines against Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis). Vaccine 2012; 30:3076-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|