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Duke-Cohan JS, Ishikawa Y, Yoshizawa A, Choi YI, Lee CN, Acuto O, Kissler S, Reinherz EL. Regulation of thymocyte trafficking by Tagap, a GAP domain protein linked to human autoimmunity. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/534/eaan8799. [PMID: 29895617 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple autoimmune pathologies are associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the human gene TAGAP, which encodes TAGAP, a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein. We showed in mice that Tagap-mediated signaling by the sema3E/plexin-D1 ligand-receptor complex attenuates thymocytes' adhesion to the cortex through their β1-containing integrins. By promoting thymocyte detachment within the cortex of the thymus, Tagap-mediated signaling enabled their translocation to the medulla, which is required for continued thymic selection. Tagap physically interacted with the cytoplasmic domain of plexin-D1 and directly stimulated the activity and signaling of the GTPase RhoA. In addition, Tagap indirectly mediated the activation of Cdc42 in response to the binding of sema3E to plexin-D1. Both RhoA and Cdc42 are key mediators of cytoskeletal and integrin dynamics in thymocytes. Knockdown of Tagap in mice suppressed the sema3E- and plexin-D1-mediated release of thymocytes that adhered within the cortex through β1-containing integrins. This suppression led to the impaired translocation of thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla and resulted in the formation of ectopic medullary structures within the thymic cortex. Our results suggest that TAGAP variation modulates the risk of autoimmunity by altering thymocyte migration during thymic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Duke-Cohan
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Immunobiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Young-Il Choi
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chin-Nien Lee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Immunobiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Immunobiology Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kitaura K, Shini T, Matsutani T, Suzuki R. A new high-throughput sequencing method for determining diversity and similarity of T cell receptor (TCR) α and β repertoires and identifying potential new invariant TCR α chains. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:38. [PMID: 27729009 PMCID: PMC5059964 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput sequencing of T cell receptor (TCR) genes is a powerful tool for analyses of antigen specificity, clonality and diversity of T lymphocytes. Here, we developed a new TCR repertoire analysis method using 454 DNA sequencing technology in combination with an adaptor-ligation mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method allows the amplification of all TCR genes without PCR bias. To compare gene usage, diversity and similarity of expressed TCR repertoires among individuals, we conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of TRA and TRB genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 healthy human individuals. RESULTS From a total of 267,037 sequence reads from 20 individuals, 149,216 unique sequence reads were identified. Preferential usage of several V and J genes were observed while some recombinations of TRAV with TRAJ appeared to be restricted. The extent of TCR diversity was not significantly different between TRA and TRB, while TRA repertoires were more similar between individuals than TRB repertoires were. The interindividual similarity of TRA depended largely on the frequent presence of shared TCRs among two or more individuals. A publicly available TRA had a near-germline TCR with a shorter CDR3. Notably, shared TRA sequences, especially those shared among a large number of individuals', often contained TCRα related with invariant TCRα derived from invariant natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that retrieval of shared TCRs by NGS would be useful for the identification of potential new invariant TCRα chains. This NGS method will enable the comprehensive quantitative analysis of TCR repertoires at a clonal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kitaura
- Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, 104 Saito-Bioincubator, 7-7-15, Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tadasu Shini
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan.,BITS. Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Matsutani
- Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, 104 Saito-Bioincubator, 7-7-15, Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, 104 Saito-Bioincubator, 7-7-15, Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
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Sood S, Brownlie RJ, Garcia C, Cowan G, Salmond RJ, Sakaguchi S, Zamoyska R. Loss of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPN22 Reduces Mannan-Induced Autoimmune Arthritis in SKG Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:429-40. [PMID: 27288531 PMCID: PMC4932175 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic phosphatase, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22), is a negative regulator of T cell signaling. Genome-wide association studies have shown that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in PTPN22 confer an increased risk of developing multiple autoimmune diseases in humans. The precise function of PTPN22 and how the variant protein contributes to autoimmunity is not well understood. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of PTPN22 deficiency on disease susceptibility in a mouse model of autoimmune arthritis. The SKG mouse expresses a hypomorphic mutant allele of ZAP70, which, upon exposure to fungal Ags, predisposes the mice to a CD4+ T cell–mediated autoimmune arthritis that closely resembles rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Surprisingly, SKG Ptpn22−/− mice developed less severe mannan-induced arthritis compared with SKG mice. Diminution of disease was not due to significant alterations in thymocyte development or repertoire selection in SKG Ptpn22−/− mice, even though T cell–mediated signal transduction was improved. Instead, Ptpn22 deficiency appeared to bias CD4 Th cell differentiation away from the Th17 lineage, which is pathogenic in this setting, to a more Th1/T regulatory–focused response. These data show that even small perturbations in TCR signal transduction pathways can have profound consequences on the differentiation of T cell lineages and thus for the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Sood
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rebecca J Brownlie
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Celine Garcia
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Graeme Cowan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Robert J Salmond
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; and
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Di Gangi R, Alves da Costa T, Thomé R, Peron G, Burger E, Verinaud L. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection promotes thymic disarrangement and premature egress of mature lymphocytes expressing prohibitive TCRs. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:209. [PMID: 27189089 PMCID: PMC4869377 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis, a chronic granulomatous fungal disease caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells affects mainly rural workers, albeit recently cases in immunosuppressed individuals has been reported. Protective immune response against P. brasiliensis is dependent on the activity of helper T cells especially IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells. It has been proposed that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is able to modulate the immune response towards a permissive state and that the thymus plays a major role in it. METHODS In this paper, we show that acute infection of BALB/c mice with P. brasiliensis virulent isolate (Pb18) might cause alterations in the thymic environment as well as the prohibitive TCR-expressing T cells in the spleens. RESULTS After seven days of infection, we found yeast cells on the thymic stroma, the thymic epithelial cells (TEC) were altered regarding their spatial-orientation and inflammatory mediators gene expression was increased. Likewise, thymocytes (differentiating T cells) presented higher migratory ability in ex vivo experiments. Notwithstanding, P. brasiliensis-infected mice showed an increased frequency of prohibitive TCR-expressing T cells in the spleens, suggesting that the selection processes that occur in the thymus may be compromised during the acute infection. CONCLUSION In this paper, for the first time, we show that acute infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells promotes thymic alterations leading to a defective repertoire of peripheral T cells. The data presented here may represent new mechanisms by which P. brasiliensis subverts the immune response towards the chronic infection observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Di Gangi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves da Costa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Thomé
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Peron
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | - Eva Burger
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Liana Verinaud
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Kitaura K, Fujii Y, Matsutani T, Shirai K, Suzuki S, Takasaki T, Shimada S, Kametani Y, Shiina T, Takabayashi S, Katoh H, Ogasawara K, Kurane I, Suzuki R. A new method for quantitative analysis of the T cell receptor V region repertoires in healthy common marmosets by microplate hybridization assay. J Immunol Methods 2012; 384:81-91. [PMID: 22841578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is one of the smallest primates and is increasingly used for an experimental nonhuman primate model in many research fields. Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires is a powerful tool to investigate T cell immunity in terms of antigen specificity and variability of TCR expression. However, monoclonal antibodies specific for many TCR Vα or Vβ chains have not been created. We have recently identified a large number of TCRα chain variable (TRAV) and TCRβ chain variable (TRBV) sequences from a cDNA library of common marmosets. The purpose of this study is to develop a new method for analysis of TCR repertoires in the common marmoset using this sequence information. This method is based on a microplate hybridization technique using 32 TRAV-specific and 32 TRBV-specific oligoprobes following an adaptor-ligation PCR. This enables the easy quantitation of the respective TRAV and TRBV expression levels. No cross-hybridization among specific-oligoprobes and very low variances in repeated measures of the same samples was found, demonstrating high specificity and reproducibility. Furthermore, this method was validated by an antihuman Vβ23 antibody which specifically bound to marmoset Vβ23. Using this method, we analyzed TCR repertoires from various tissue samples (PBMCs, spleen, lymph node and thymus) and isolated T cell subpopulations (CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8− and CD4−CD8+) from the thymus of 10 common marmosets. Neither tissue-specific nor T cell subpopulation-specific differences was found in TRAV and TRBV repertoires. These results suggest that, unlike mice, TCR repertoires in the common marmoset are not affected by endogenous superantigens and are conserved among individuals, among tissues, and among T cell subpopulations. Thus, TCR repertoire analysis with high specificity and reproducibility is a very useful technique, with the potential to replace flow cytometric analysis using a panel of TRV-specific antibodies, many of which remain unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihra National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
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Li H, Ye C, Ji G, Wu X, Xiang Z, Li Y, Cao Y, Liu X, Douek DC, Price DA, Han J. Recombinatorial Biases and Convergent Recombination Determine Interindividual TCRβ Sharing in Murine Thymocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2404-13. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Historically, sharing T cell receptors (TCRs) between individuals has been speculated to be impossible, considering the dramatic discrepancy between the potential enormity of the TCR repertoire and the limited number of T cells generated in each individual. However, public T cell response, in which multiple individuals share identical TCRs in responding to a same antigenic epitope, has been extensively observed in a variety of immune responses across many species. Public T cell responses enable individuals within a population to generate similar antigen-specific TCRs against certain ubiquitous pathogens, leading to favorable biological outcomes. However, the relatively concentrated feature of TCR repertoire may limit T cell response in a population to some other pathogens. It could be a great benefit for human health if public T cell responses can be manipulated. Therefore, the mechanistic insight of public TCR generation is important to know. Recently, high-throughput DNA sequencing has revolutionized the study of immune receptor repertoires, which allows a much better understanding of the factors that determine the overlap of TCR repertoire among individuals. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on public T-cell response and discuss future challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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8
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Kitaura K, Fujii Y, Hayasaka D, Matsutani T, Shirai K, Nagata N, Lim CK, Suzuki S, Takasaki T, Suzuki R, Kurane I. High clonality of virus-specific T lymphocytes defined by TCR usage in the brains of mice infected with West Nile virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3919-30. [PMID: 21908734 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes play critical roles in the clearance of West Nile virus (WNV) from the brains of mice. We characterized brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes by analyzing the TCR α- and β-chain repertoires, T cell clonality, and CDR3 sequences. CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells were localized in the WNV-infected brains. The expression of CD3, CD8, CD25, CD69, perforin, and granzymes positively correlated with viral RNA levels, and high levels of expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 were detected in the brains, suggesting that Th1-like cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells are expanded in the brains in response to WNV infection. The brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes dominantly used TCR genes, VA1-1, VA2-1, VB5-2, and VB8-2, and exhibited a highly oligoclonal TCR repertoire. Interestingly, the brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes had different patterns of TCR repertoire usages among WNV-, Japanese encephalitis virus-, and tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected mice. Moreover, CD8(+) T cells isolated from the brains of WNV-infected mice produced IFN-γ and TNF-α after in vitro stimulation with peritoneal cells infected with WNV, but not with Japanese encephalitis virus. The results suggest that the infiltrating CD8(+) T cells were WNV-specific, but not cross-reactive among flaviviruses. T cells from the WNV-infected brains exhibited identical or similar CDR3 sequences in TCRα among tested mice, but somewhat diverse sequences in TCRβ. The results indicate that WNV-specific CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells expanding in the infected brains are highly oligoclonal, and they suggest that TCR α-chains play a dominant and critical role in Ag specificity of WNV-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa 228-0815, Japan
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9
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Thoss M, Ilmonen P, Musolf K, Penn DJ. Major histocompatibility complex heterozygosity enhances reproductive success. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1546-57. [PMID: 21291500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how heterozygosity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) affects fitness in wild-derived (F2) house mice (Mus musculus musculus). To compare and control for potential confounding effects from close inbreeding and genome-wide heterozygosity, we used mice that were systematically outbred. We assessed how heterozygosity at MHC and background loci (using 15 microsatellite markers on 11 different chromosomes) affects individual survival and reproductive success (RS) in large, semi-natural population enclosures. We found that overall heterozygosity significantly increased RS, and this correlation was entirely explained by heterozygosity at two MHC loci. Moreover, we found that the effects of MHC heterozygosity depend on the level of background heterozygosity, and the benefits of maximal MHC heterozygosity show a curvilinear effect with increasing background heterozygosity. The enhanced RS from MHC heterozygosity was not because of increased survival, and although MHC heterozygosity was correlated with body mass, body mass did not correlate with RS when heterozygosity is controlled. Breeders were more MHC heterozygous than nonbreeders for both sexes, indicating that MHC heterozygosity enhanced fecundity, mating success or both. Our results show that (i) MHC heterozygosity enhances fitness among wild, outbred as well as congenic laboratory mice; (ii) heterozygosity-fitness correlations can potentially be explained by a few loci, such as MHC; (iii) MHC heterozygosity can increase fitness, even without affecting survival, by increasing mating and RS; and (iv) MHC effects depend on background genes, and maximal MHC heterozygosity is most beneficial at intermediate or optimal levels of background heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thoss
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Savoyenstrasse 1a, Vienna, Austria
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Shortening of complementarity determining region 3 of the T cell receptor α chain during thymocyte development. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:623-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hsu LY, Tan YX, Xiao Z, Malissen M, Weiss A. A hypomorphic allele of ZAP-70 reveals a distinct thymic threshold for autoimmune disease versus autoimmune reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2527-41. [PMID: 19841086 PMCID: PMC2768860 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ZAP-70 is critical for T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations of Y315 and Y319 in ZAP-70 suggest these residues function to recruit downstream effector molecules, but mutagenesis and crystallization studies reveal that these residues also play an important role in autoinhibition ZAP-70. To address the importance of the scaffolding function, we generated a zap70 mutant mouse (YYAA mouse) with Y315 and Y319 both mutated to alanines. These YYAA mice reveal that the scaffolding function is important for normal development and function. Moreover, the YYAA mice have many similarities to a previously identified ZAP-70 mutant mouse, SKG, which harbors a distinct hypomorphic mutation. Both YYAA and SKG mice have impaired T cell development and hyporesponsiveness to TCR stimulation, markedly reduced numbers of thymic T regulatory cells and defective positive and negative selection. YYAA mice, like SKG mice, develop rheumatoid factor antibodies, but fail to develop autoimmune arthritis. Signaling differences that result from ZAP-70 mutations appear to skew the TCR repertoire in ways that differentially influence propensity to autoimmunity versus autoimmune disease susceptibility. By uncoupling the relative contribution from T regulatory cells and TCR repertoire during thymic selection, our data help to identify events that may be important, but alone are insufficient, for the development of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Yun Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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12
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Role of TRPV3 in immune response to development of dermatitis. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:17. [PMID: 19463197 PMCID: PMC2693428 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, it has been reported that the Gly573Ser substitution of transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) leads to increased ion-channel activity in keratinocytes. Our previous studies have indicated that the spontaneous hairless and dermatitis phenotypes of DS-Nh mice, which were newly established as an animal model of atopic dermatitis (AD), are caused by TRPV3Gly573Ser. Although this substitution causes hairlessness in several kinds of rodents, in our investigations, dermatitis developed in only a few animals. Here, we generated NC/Nga-Nh mice to elucidate the role of TRPV3Gly573Ser in NC/Nga mice, which is one of the most studied animal models of AD. Methods To establish and validate the new AD animal model, NC/Nga-Nh mice were generated using NC/Nga and DS-Nh mice, and their clinical features were compared. Next, T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ usage in splenocytes, evaluation of bacterial colonization, and serological and histological analyses were carried out. Finally, repeated-hapten-application dermatitis was induced in these mice. Results NC/Nga-Nh mice did not develop spontaneous dermatitis, whereas DS-Nh mice displayed this phenotype when maintained under the same conditions. Serological analysis indicated that there really was a phenotypic difference between these mice, and TCR repertoire analysis indicated that TCRVβ haplotypes played an important role in the development of dermatitis. Artificial dermatitis developed in DS and NC/Nga-Nh mice, but not in DS-Nh and NC/Nga mice. Histological and serological analyses indicated that mouse strains were listed in descending order of number of skin mast cells: DS-Nh > DS ≈ NC/Nga-Nh > NC/Nga, and serum IgE levels were increased after 2,4,6 trinitrochlorobenzene application in these mice. Serum IgE level in DS-Nh mice was lower than that mesured in other strains. Conclusion Our results confirm the contribution of the TRPV3Gly573Ser gene to the development of repeated hapten dermatitis, but not spontaneous dermatitis in NC/Nga mice.
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13
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Benoit LA, Tan R. Xenogeneic beta 2-microglobulin substitution affects functional binding of MHC class I molecules by CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:3588-95. [PMID: 17785793 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cells and CD8+ T cells bind MHC-I molecules using distinct topological interactions. Specifically, murine NK inhibitory receptors bind MHC-I molecules at both the MHC-I H chain regions and beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) while TCR engages MHC-I molecules at a region defined solely by the class I H chain and bound peptide. As such, alterations in beta2m are not predicted to influence functional recognition of MHC-I by TCR. We have tested this hypothesis by assessing the capability of xenogeneic beta2m to modify the interaction between TCR and MHC-I. Using a human beta2m-transgenic C57BL/6 mouse model, we show that human beta2m supports formation and expression of H-2K(b) and peptide:H-2K(b) complexes at levels nearly equivalent to those in wild-type mice. Despite this finding, the frequencies of CD8+ single-positive thymocytes in the thymus and mature CD8+ T cells in the periphery were significantly reduced and the TCR Vbeta repertoire of peripheral CD8+ T cells was skewed in the human beta2m-transgenic mice. Furthermore, the ability of mouse beta2m-restricted CTL to functionally recognize human beta2m+ target cells was diminished compared with their ability to recognize mouse beta2m+ target cells. Finally, we provide evidence that this effect is achieved through subtle conformational changes occurring in the distal, peptide-binding region of the MHC-I molecule. Our results indicate that alterations in beta2m influence the ability of TCR to engage MHC-I during normal T cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loralyn A Benoit
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Yoshioka T, Imura K, Hikita I, Hirasawa T, Sakata T, Matsutani T, Horikawa T, Arimura A. Impact of T-cell receptor Vbeta haplotypes on the development of dermatitis in DS-Nh mice: synergistic production of interleukin-13 caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin C and peptide glycans from Staphylococcus aureus. Immunology 2007; 121:51-61. [PMID: 17313488 PMCID: PMC2265923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pathogenic role of interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a key for atopic dermatitis (AD), the mechanism of IL-13 production in AD remains unclear. To investigate the role of the T-cell receptor Vbeta (TCR Vbeta) haplotype in the development of dermatitis and the production of IL-13 in the naturally occurring dermatitis model by staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC)-producing Staphylococcus aureus, we raised DS-Nh mice harbouring the TCR Vbeta(a) haplotype with a central deletion in the TCRBV gene segments, including TCR Vbeta8S2. Observation and histopathological analysis of the two mouse substrains with spontaneous dermatitis indicated that later onset and weaker severity of AD-like dermatitis were identified in mice with TCR Vbeta(a) compared to those with TCR Vbeta(b). Immunohistochemical examination revealed the infiltration of a large number of CD4-bearing T cells in the skin lesions in mice with TCR Vbeta(b) but not in those with TCR Vbeta(a). Interestingly, much lower levels of serum IL-13 were detected in mice with the TCR Vbeta(a) than in those with the TCR Vbeta(b) haplotype. In vitro, synthetic ligands (Pam(2)CSK4) of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) synergistically produced IL-13 with SEC in splenocytes of mice with TCR Vbeta(b) but not of those with TCR Vbeta(a), and natural killer T cells were essential for this synergism. Our findings suggested that this TCR Vbeta-haplotype-dependent synergism with TLR2 plays an important role in the development of AD-like dermatitis in DS-Nh mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Enterotoxins/immunology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Haplotypes
- Interleukin-13/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Peptidoglycan/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Superantigens/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshioka
- Shionogi Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
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15
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Matsutani T, Ohmori T, Ogata M, Soga H, Kasahara S, Yoshioka T, Suzuki R, Itoh T. Comparison of CDR3 length among thymocyte subpopulations: impacts of MHC and BV segment on the CDR3 shortening. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:2378-87. [PMID: 17156844 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thymocytes are thought to be selected on the basis of antigen specificity between TCR and peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligands. The specificity depends primarily on extensive diversities of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3), whose specificity is considered to be determined through thymocyte selection. We examined the CDR3 length profiles with 20 BV segments in thymocyte subpopulations from C57BL/6 (H-2(b)), C.B10 (Balb/c congenic, H-2(b)) and Balb/c (H-2(d)) mice. The CDR3 length was shorter in both CD4 single positive (SP) and CD8SP than in double positive (DP), but not altered among DP, double negative (DN) 4 and DN3 subpopulations. The CDR3 shortened more prominently in CD4SP than in CD8SP for C57BL/6 and C.B10, but the shortening was only slight for Balb/c. Although the shortening varied considerably among different BV segments, the greater shortening was observed in most BV segments for CD4SP and in several for CD8SP, in particular, the extent was the greatest in BV1, BV2, BV15, BV16, BV23 and BV26 for CD4SP, and in BV13-1 and BV29 for CD8SP. Moreover, the extent and the pattern of CDR3 shortening were basically the same among highly homologous BV segments (e.g. BV12-1 and 12-2; BV13-1, 13-2 and 13-3). These results taken together indicate that (1) the CDR3 shortening occurred between the DP to the SP stages but never earlier, that (2) there would be the MHC class preference for the CDR3 shortening, that (3) it was in part influenced by MHC haplotype, and finally that (4) the primary structure of particular BV segments would possibly affect the CDR3 length in selected thymocytes. It could be deduced from these results that the CDR3 shortening might play roles in ensuring geometrical disposition of CDRs unique to each BV segment and consequently allow CDRs to intimately interact with pMHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaji Matsutani
- Division of Immunology and Embryology, Department of Cell Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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