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Zhang Y, Luo B, Liu MC, OuYang RH, Fan XM, Jiang N, Yang FJ, Wang LJ, Zhou BY. Analysis of immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 of Taenia solium. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106517. [PMID: 35595093 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of vaccine against human cysticercosis, thus making a huge population at the risk of infection. In this study, we chose a novel potential antigen molecule Taenia solium 14-3-3.3 (Ts14-3-3.3) and optimized it as sp-Ts14-3-3.3 (sp is immunoglobulin H chain V-region precursor, partial) in order to construct recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups for immunization: pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3, pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3, pMZ-X3 plasmid control group and PBS control group. Compared with two control groups, the proliferation level of splenic lymphocytes increased significantly in pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 groups and reached the maximum in week 6. And the same case arose as cytokines associated with Th1 response, IFN-γ, and IL-2 while those with Th2 response, IL-4, IL-10 went up and reached the maximum in week 4. The levels of serum specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a rose and reached the maximum in week 6, 4 and 6, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes increased and reached the peak in week 6. The results indicated that the recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 can induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice with immunization. Notably, the recombinant plasmid pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 has a better immune effect, which proves that Ts14-3-3.3 enjoys a higher possibility as a potential antigen molecule to T. solium vaccine.
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Trained immunity-related vaccines: innate immune memory and heterologous protection against infections. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:497-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bekkering S, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Riksen NP, Netea MG. Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:667-693. [PMID: 33637018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the innate immune system appear to be able to gain memory characteristics after transient stimulation, resulting in an enhanced response upon secondary challenge. This phenomenon has been called trained immunity. Trained immunity is characterized by nonspecific increased responsiveness, mediated via extensive metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity explains the heterologous effects of vaccines, which result in increased protection against secondary infections. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, trained immunity can induce maladaptive effects and contribute to hyperinflammation and progression of cardiovascular disease, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neuroinflammation. In this review we summarize the current state of the field of trained immunity, its mechanisms, and its roles in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
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Pratti JES, da Fonseca Martins AM, da Silva JP, Ramos TD, Pereira JC, Firmino-Cruz L, Oliveira-Maciel D, Vieira TSDS, Lacerda LL, Vale AM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Gomes DCO, Saraiva EM, Rossi-Bergmann B, de Matos Guedes HL. The role of TLR9 on Leishmania amazonensis infection and its influence on intranasal LaAg vaccine efficacy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007146. [PMID: 30802247 PMCID: PMC6405171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (L.) amazonensis is one of the etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Brazil. Currently, there is no vaccine approved for human use against leishmaniasis, although several vaccine preparations are in experimental stages. One of them is Leishvacin, or LaAg, a first-generation vaccine composed of total L. amazonensis antigens that has consistently shown an increase of mouse resistance against CL when administered intranasally (i.n.). Since Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is highly expressed in the nasal mucosa and LaAg is composed of TLR9-binding DNA CpG motifs, in this study we proposed to investigate the role of TLR9 in both L. amazonensis infection and in LaAg vaccine efficacy in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and TLR9-/- mice. First, we evaluated, the infection of macrophages by L. amazonensis in vitro, showing no significant difference between macrophages from WT and TLR9-/- mice in terms of both infection percentage and total number of intracellular amastigotes, as well as NO production. In addition, neutrophils from WT and TLR9-/- mice had similar capacity to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to L. amazonensis. L. amazonensis did not activate dendritic cells from WT and TLR9-/- mice, analysed by MHCII and CD86 expression. However, in vivo, TLR9-/- mice were slightly more susceptible to L. amazonensis infection than WT mice, presenting a larger lesion and an increased parasite load at the peak of infection and in the chronic phase. The increased TLR9-/- mice susceptibility was accompanied by an increased IgG and IgG1 production; a decrease of IFN-γ in infected tissue, but not IL-4 and IL-10; and a decreased number of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells in the lesion-draining lymph nodes. Also, TLR9-/- mice could not control parasite growth following i.n. LaAg vaccination unlike the WT mice. This protection failure was associated with a reduction of the hypersensitivity response induced by immunization. The TLR9-/- vaccinated mice failed to respond to antigen stimulation and to produce IFN-γ by lymph node cells. Together, these results suggest that TLR9 contributes to C57BL/6 mouse resistance against L. amazonensis, and that the TLR9-binding LaAg comprising CpG motifs may be important for intranasal vaccine efficacy against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Marcia da Fonseca Martins
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Paiva da Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Diniz Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joyce Carvalho Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Oliveira-Maciel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Soares de Souza Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandra Linhares Lacerda
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andre Macedo Vale
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celio G. Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Oliveira Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas/ Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Elvira M. Saraiva
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ–Xerém em Biologia (NUMPEX-BIO), Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade (Polo Avançado de Xerém), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Ibarra-Moreno S, García-Hernández AL, Moreno-Fierros L. Coadministration of protoxin Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis with metacestode extract confers protective immunity to murine cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:266-70. [PMID: 24484070 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protoxin (pCry1Ac) is a promising mucosal immunogen and adjuvant that induces protective immunity against Naegleria fowleri and malaria infection models. We determined whether pCry1Ac acted as a protective adjuvant against infection with Taenia crassiceps. BALB/C mice were thrice i.p. immunized with (i) pCry1Ac, (ii) metacestode extract, (iii) extract + pCry1Ac or (iv) vehicle, challenged with metacestodes on day 26 and then sacrificed 35 days later. Cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity were counted, while the serum antibody response and cytokines were analysed after immunization and during infection. Only immunization with pCry1Ac plus extract conferred a significant protection (up to 47%). This group presented fluctuating antibody peaks during infection and the highest IgG1 and IgM titres. Immunization with extract alone elicited high IgG1 and the highest IgG2a responses after 25 days of infection, while nonimmunized mice presented a poor, mixed-Th1/Th2 response during infection. Sharp peaks of TNFα and IFN-γ occurred immediately after the first immunization with extract, especially in the presence of pCry1Ac, but not after the challenge, while in the control and pCry1Ac-alone groups, cytokines were only detected after the challenge. The data support the protective-adjuvant effect of co-administration of pCry1Ac in cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ibarra-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas Unidad de Biomedicina FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
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Intapan PM, Hirunpetcharat C, Kularbkaew C, Yutanawiboonchai W, Janwan P, Maleewong W. Modulation of antibody responses against Gnathostoma spinigerum in mice immunized with crude antigen formulated in CpG oligonucleotide and montanide ISA720. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:637-44. [PMID: 24516267 PMCID: PMC3916451 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antibody responses in mice immunized with Gnathostoma spinigerum crude antigen (GsAg) incorporated with the combined adjuvant, a synthetic oligonucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motif (CpG ODN 1826) and a stable water in oil emulsion (Montanide ISA720). Mice immunized with GsAg and combined adjuvant produced all antibody classes and subclasses to GsAg except IgA. IgG2a/2b/3 but not IgG1 subclasses were enhanced by immunization with CpG ODN 1826 when compared with the control groups immunized with non-CpG ODN and Montanide ISA or only with Montanide ISA, suggesting a biased induction of a Th1-type response by CpG ODN. After challenge infection with live G. spinigerum larvae, the levels of IgG2a/2b/3 antibody subclasses decreased immediately and continuously, while the IgG1 subclass remained at high levels. This also corresponded to a continuous decrease of the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio after infection. Only IgM and IgG1 antibodies, but not IgG2a/2b/3, were significantly produced in adjuvant control groups after infection. These findings suggest that G. spinigerum infection potently induces a Th2-type biased response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Hirunpetcharat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Churairat Kularbkaew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Penchom Janwan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Srivastava D, Arora N, Singh BP. Current immunological approaches for management of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Inflamm Res 2009; 58:523-36. [PMID: 19333724 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-009-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A large population world over is affected with allergic diseases and asthma. Pharmacotherapy for allergic diseases and asthma is effective in controlling symptoms but on discontinuation of medication, symptoms reoccur. In contrast, immunotherapy modifies and corrects the underlying pathological immune responses in an antigen-specific manner. Immunotherapy shows an increase in IgG (blocking antibody) that competes with IgE for allergen, inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy acts by modifying CD4+ T-cell responses either by immune deviation, T-cell anergy and/or both. Current immunological approaches for management of allergies and asthma involve immunization with native allergen, modified allergen, peptides/cDNA of allergen, anti-IgE, adjuvants coupled allergen, including immunostimulatory DNA sequences, cytokines, and bacterial products. These approaches modulate the immune response and are intended to give long-term benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepsikha Srivastava
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
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Wang Y, Shan C, Ming S, Liu Y, Du Y, Jiang G. Immunoadjuvant effects of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in chicken. Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:399-405. [PMID: 18977008 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the immunoadjuvant effects of three types of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) on the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine under two immunization strategies. The genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli O(2), Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus faecalis FQ68, and synthetic CpG ODN were used as adjuvants, and their effects on the AIV oil emulsion vaccine were examined in chickens. The results indicated that when administered separately from the vaccine, adjuvants induced lower haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres and serum IgG titres but resulted in higher concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-10. In contrast, when combined with the oil emulsion vaccine prior to inoculation, CpG ODN induced higher HI, IgG titres and IFN-gamma concentration but resulted in lower IL-10 concentration. These data suggest that, depending on the immunization approaches, adjuvants may exert distinct immune effects in chickens receiving AIV H5N1 oil emulsion vaccine: the prior incorporation of CpG ODN into the vaccine may augment both the humoral and Th1 type immune responses, while separate inoculation of adjuvants has not shown better adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Fei-fei G, Jian W, Feng X, Li-ping S, Quan-yun S, Jin-ping Z, Pu-yan C, Pei-hong L. Japanese encephalitis protein vaccine candidates expressing neutralizing epitope and M.T hsp70 induce virus-specific memory B cells and long-lasting antibodies in swine. Vaccine 2008; 26:5590-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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