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Santiago-Ortiz JL, Schaffer DV. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in cancer gene therapy. J Control Release 2016; 240:287-301. [PMID: 26796040 PMCID: PMC4940329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been utilized in a large number of gene therapy clinical trials, which have demonstrated their strong safety profile and increasingly their therapeutic efficacy for treating monogenic diseases. For cancer applications, AAV vectors have been harnessed for delivery of an extensive repertoire of transgenes to preclinical models and, more recently, clinical trials involving certain cancers. This review describes the applications of AAV vectors to cancer models and presents developments in vector engineering and payload design aimed at tailoring AAV vectors for transduction and treatment of cancer cells. We also discuss the current status of AAV clinical development in oncology and future directions for AAV in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Santiago-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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2
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Principe M, Ceruti P, Shih NY, Chattaragada MS, Rolla S, Conti L, Bestagno M, Zentilin L, Yang SH, Migliorini P, Cappello P, Burrone O, Novelli F. Targeting of surface alpha-enolase inhibits the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11098-113. [PMID: 25860938 PMCID: PMC4484442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, invasiveness and resistance to treatment. We have previously demonstrated that most PDAC patients have circulating antibodies against the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1), which correlates with a better response to therapy and survival. ENO1 is a metabolic enzyme, also expressed on the cell surface where it acts as a plasminogen receptor. ENO1 play a crucial role in cell invasion and metastasis by promoting plasminogen activation into plasmin, a serine-protease involved in extracellular matrix degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ENO1 in PDAC cell invasion. We observed that ENO1 was expressed on the cell surface of most PDAC cell lines. Mouse anti-human ENO1 monoclonal antibodies inhibited plasminogen-dependent invasion of human PDAC cells, and their metastatic spreading in immunosuppressed mice was inhibited. Notably, a single administration of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-expressing cDNA coding for 72/1 anti-ENO1 mAb reduced the number of lung metastases in immunosuppressed mice injected with PDAC cells. Overall, these data indicate that ENO1 is involved in PDAC cell invasion, and that administration of an anti-ENO1 mAb can be exploited as a novel therapeutic option to increase the survival of metastatic PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitza Principe
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ceruti
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Michelle S Chattaragada
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Bestagno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sheng-Hui Yang
- College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paola Migliorini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Oscar Burrone
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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3
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Allegra A, Russo S, Gerace D, Calabrò L, Maisano V, Innao V, Musolino C. Vaccination strategies in lymphoproliferative disorders: Failures and successes. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1006-19. [PMID: 26298174 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tumor vaccines in lymphoproliferative disorders hold out the prospect of effective tumor therapies with minimal side effects. The addition of immunotherapy to old and new chemotherapy regimens has improved both response rates and disease-free survival, leading in many cases to an extended overall survival. Ideally, an antigen that is used for vaccination would be specifically expressed in the tumor; it must have an important, causal part in the multifactorial process that leads to cancer, and it must be expressed stably even after it is attacked by the immune system. Immunotherapies, which aim to activate the immune system to kill cancer cells, include strategies to increase the frequency or potency of antitumor T cells, to overcome suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, and to reduce T-cell suppression systemically. In this review, we focus on the results of clinical trials of vaccination in lymphoma, and discuss potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - S Russo
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - D Gerace
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Calabrò
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Maisano
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V Innao
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of General Surgery, Oncology and Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Durigutto P, Macor P, Ziller F, De Maso L, Fischetti F, Marzari R, Sblattero D, Tedesco F. Prevention of arthritis by locally synthesized recombinant antibody neutralizing complement component C5. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58696. [PMID: 23505550 PMCID: PMC3591401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients suffering from chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant antibodies is time consuming and fairly expensive and can be associated with side effects due to generalized depletion of the target molecule. We have addressed these issues by developing an alternative approach consisting of the intraarticular injection of a DNA vector encoding for the anti-C5 neutralizing recombinant miniantibody MB12/22. This method allows local production of the antibody in sufficient amount to be effective in preventing joint inflammation in a rat model of antigen-induced arthritis. Injection of the DNA vector in a right knee of normal rats resulted in the production of the minibody detected in the synovial washes by western blot with a strong signal peaking at 3 days after administration. DNA encoding for the minibody was shown for 14 days in the synovial tissue and was undetectable in the controlateral knee and in other organs. The preventive effect of this approach was evaluated in rats receiving a single injection of the vector 3 days before the induction of antigen-induced arthritis and analyzed 3 days later. The treated rats exhibited a lower increase in swelling, associated with a lower number of PMN in the articular washes and reduced deposition of C9 in synovial tissue compared to control rats. These results suggest that treating the inflamed joints with a vector that induces a local production of a neutralizing anti-C5 antibody may represent a useful strategy to inhibit in situ complement activation and to treat patients with monoarthritis. Moreover, this approach may be adopted as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent monoarthritis as an alternative to local treatment with antibodies commonly used in this form of arthritis, with the advantages of the lower cost and the longer persistence of antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Durigutto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Federica Ziller
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca De Maso
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Fischetti
- Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Marzari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Medical Sciences and IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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López-Requena A, Burrone OR, Cesco-Gaspere M. Idiotypes as immunogens: facing the challenge of inducing strong therapeutic immune responses against the variable region of immunoglobulins. Front Oncol 2012; 2:159. [PMID: 23162790 PMCID: PMC3493989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiotype (Id)-based immunotherapy has been exploited as cancer treatment option. Conceived as therapy for malignancies bearing idiotypic antigens, it has been also extended to solid tumors because of the capacity of anti-idiotypic antibodies to mimic Id-unrelated antigens. In both these two settings, efforts are being made to overcome the poor immune responsiveness often experienced when using self immunoglobulins as immunogens. Despite bearing a unique gene combination, and thus particular epitopes, it is normally difficult to stimulate the immune response against antibody variable regions. Different strategies are currently used to strengthen Id immunogenicity, such as concomitant use of immune-stimulating molecules, design of Id-containing immunogenic recombinant proteins, specific targeting of relevant immune cells, and genetic immunization. This review focuses on the role of anti-Id vaccination in cancer management and on the current developments used to foster anti-idiotypic B and T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Requena
- Molecular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy ; Immunobiology Division, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba ; Bioengineering Research Institute, Biotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Viral vectors have been developed as vaccine platforms for a number of pathogens and tumors. In particular, adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors expressing genes coding for pathogen or tumor antigens have proven efficacious to induce protective immunity. Major challenges in the use of Ad vectors are the high prevalence of anti-Ad immunity and the recent observation during an Ad-based HIV vaccine trial that led to increased HIV-1 acquisition in the presence of circulating anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies. In this review we summarize strategies to address these challenges and focus on modifications of the Ad capsid to enhance the adjuvant effect of anti-Ad immunogenicity and to circumvent pre-existing immunity. In addition, we summarize the current status and potential of other viral vector vaccines based on adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and poxviruses.
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Triozzi PL, Aldrich W, Ponnazhagan S. Regulation of the activity of an adeno-associated virus vector cancer vaccine administered with synthetic Toll-like receptor agonists. Vaccine 2010; 28:7837-43. [PMID: 20937315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is being tested as a vaccine vector, but the cellular immune responses elicited in animal tumor models have not been completely protective. The adjuvant effects of the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod, and the TLR9 agonist, ODN1826, were tested with rAAV expressing the melanoma antigen, Trp2. Mice immunized with rAAV-TRP2 and either TLR agonist alone generated T-helper-1 antitumor immune responses. Antitumor activity in all experiments was still incomplete. Furthermore, antitumor activity was not achieved when the combination of ODN1826 and imiquimod was used as adjuvant. In vitro, the combination increased IL-10 production by dendritic cells. In vivo, the combination reduced T-helper-1 response and dendritic cell activation and increased myeloid suppressor cells; regulatory T cells were not significantly modulated. Depletion of myeloid derived suppressor cells enhanced the antitumor activity of immunization with rAAV-TRP2 and the imiquimod-ODN1826 combination; depletion of regulatory T cells did not. TLR7 and TLR9 agonists can be used to enhance the immune response to rAAV immunogens, but antagonism can be observed when combined. Suppressor mechanisms, including those mediated by myeloid cells, may negatively regulate the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Triozzi
- Taussig Cancer Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Wang G, Qiu J, Wang R, Krause A, Boyer JL, Hackett NR, Crystal RG. Persistent expression of biologically active anti-HER2 antibody by AAVrh.10-mediated gene transfer. Cancer Gene Ther 2010; 17:559-70. [PMID: 20448672 PMCID: PMC2906671 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2010.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against an extracellular region of the HER2 protein. We hypothesized that a single adeno-associated virus mediated genetic delivery of an anti-HER2 antibody should be effective in mediating long term production of anti-HER2 and in suppressing the growth of human tumors in a xenograft model in nude mice. The adeno-associated virus gene transfer vector AAVrh.10αHER2 was constructed based on non-human primate AAV serotype rh.10 to express the cDNAs for the heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibody 4D5, the murine precursor to trastuzumab. The data demonstrates that genetically transferred anti-HER2 selectively bound human HER2 protein and suppressed proliferation of HER2 positive tumor cell lines. A single administration of AAVrh.10αHER2 provided long term therapeutic levels of anti-HER2 antibody expression without inducing anti-idiotype response, suppressed the growth of HER2 positive tumors and increased survival of the tumor-bearing mice. In the context that trastuzumab therapy requires frequent, repeated administration, this strategy might be developed as an alternate platform for delivery anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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