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Allergy, asthma, and proteomics: opportunities with immediate impact. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:16-21. [PMID: 36617817 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i1.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Allergy is widely discussed by researchers due to its complex mechanism that leads to disorders and injuries, but the reason behind the allergic status remains unclear. Current treatments are insufficient to improve the patient's quality of life significantly. New technologies in scientific and technological development are emerging. For instance, the union between allergy and peptidomics and bioinformatics tools may help fill the gaps in this field, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we look at peptidomics and address some findings, such as target proteins or biomarkers that help better understand mechanisms that lead to inflammation, organ damage, and, consequently, poor quality of life or even death.
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Palmer DJ, Sullivan TR, Campbell DE, Nanan R, Gold MS, Hsu PS, Netting MJ, McWilliam V, Koplin JJ, Perrett KP, Quinn P, O'Sullivan M, Prescott SL, Grivell R, Makrides M. PrEggNut Study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of a maternal diet rich in eggs and peanuts from <23 weeks' gestation during pregnancy to 4 months' lactation on infant IgE-mediated egg and peanut allergy outcomes. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056925. [PMID: 35697444 PMCID: PMC9196184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical studies supported by immunological data indicate early life intervention strategies to be promising in reducing the growing global burden of food allergies. The events that predispose to food allergy, including the induction of allergen-specific immune responses, appear to be initiated early in development. Early exposure to food allergens in utero and via breast milk is likely to be important in initiating oral tolerance. We aim to determine the effectiveness of higher maternal food allergen consumption during pregnancy and lactation on infant food allergy outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multisite, parallel, two-arm (1:1 allocation), single-blinded (outcome assessors, statistical analyst and investigators), randomised controlled trial. Pregnant women (<23 weeks' gestation) whose (unborn) infants have at least two biological family members (mother, father or siblings) with medically diagnosed allergic disease are eligible to participate. After obtaining written informed consent, pregnant women are randomised to either a high egg and peanut diet (at least 6 eggs and 60 peanuts per week) or standard (low) egg and peanut diet (no more than 3 eggs and 30 peanuts per week). The women are asked to follow their allocated diet from <23 weeks' gestation to 4 months' lactation. The primary outcome is food challenge proven IgE-mediated egg and/or peanut allergy in the infants at 12 months of age. Key secondary outcomes include infant sensitisation to egg and/or peanut and infant eczema. Our target sample size is 2136 women. Analyses will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis according to a pre-specified statistical analysis plan. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been granted from the Women's and Children's Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number HREC/18/WCHN/42). Trial results will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000937213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra J Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- UWA Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas R Sullivan
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology; and Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael S Gold
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter S Hsu
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology; and Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Merryn J Netting
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Quinn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Immunology Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Immunology Department, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosalie Grivell
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Shamji MH, Valenta R, Jardetzky T, Verhasselt V, Durham SR, Würtzen PA, van Neerven RJ. The role of allergen-specific IgE, IgG and IgA in allergic disease. Allergy 2021; 76:3627-3641. [PMID: 33999439 PMCID: PMC8601105 DOI: 10.1111/all.14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated allergy is the most common hypersensitivity disease affecting more than 30% of the population. Exposure to even minute quantities of allergens can lead to the production of IgE antibodies in atopic individuals. This is termed allergic sensitization, which occurs mainly in early childhood. Allergen‐specific IgE then binds to the high (FcεRI) and low‐affinity receptors (FcεRII, also called CD23) for IgE on effector cells and antigen‐presenting cells. Subsequent and repeated allergen exposure increases allergen‐specific IgE levels and, by receptor cross‐linking, triggers immediate release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils whereas IgE‐facilitated allergen presentation perpetuates T cell–mediated allergic inflammation. Due to engagement of receptors which are highly selective for IgE, even tiny amounts of allergens can induce massive inflammation. Naturally occurring allergen‐specific IgG and IgA antibodies usually recognize different epitopes on allergens compared with IgE and do not efficiently interfere with allergen‐induced inflammation. However, IgG and IgA antibodies to these important IgE epitopes can be induced by allergen‐specific immunotherapy or by passive immunization. These will lead to competition with IgE for binding with the allergen and prevent allergic responses. Similarly, anti‐IgE treatment does the same by preventing IgE from binding to its receptor on mast cells and basophils. Here, we review the complex interplay of allergen‐specific IgE, IgG and IgA and the corresponding cell receptors in allergic diseases and its relevance for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia Moscow Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems Austria
| | | | - Valerie Verhasselt
- School of Molecular Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | | | | | - R.J. Joost van Neerven
- Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina Amersfoort The Netherlands
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Sensitisation patterns and allergy outcomes in pregnant women living in the urban area. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:46. [PMID: 33971945 PMCID: PMC8111908 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, allergy affects more than one billion people, with particularly rising prevalence in industrialised areas. Specifically, young adults appear to be predominantly targeted for an allergy diagnosis. Allergic diseases in pregnancy are mainly pre-existing but could also occur de novo. The immunological changes while pregnant, with increased Th2 lymphocyte activity, can facilitate allergen sensitisation. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of specific IgE (sIgE) sensitisation to common inhalant and food allergens in pregnancy, and assess its relationship to self-reported allergic disease. Methods We assessed 200 pregnant women, aged 20–38 years (mean age = 29 years), participant of ELMA (Epigenetic Hallmark of Maternal Atopy and Diet) study, living in a metropolitan area, with no pregnancy associated metabolic complications, for total IgE and allergen specific IgE to 20 allergens. Results 48% of pregnant women were sensitised to at least one allergen, at a cut-off point of 0.35 kU/L and they were assigned as atopic. However 42% in atopic group were not reporting any allergic disease. The most common inhalant allergens were: pollen (24.5%) and animal dander (23.5%). The most common food allergens were: cow’s milk (5.5%) and apples (4.5%). 7.5% of women reported asthma, 21.5% allergic rhinitis, 11.5% atopic dermatitis and 18.5% food allergy. 8.5% of were taking medication for asthma or allergies. Atopic dermatitis had the highest tendency to become more severe during pregnancy. Total IgE values were significantly higher in atopic women. Conclusions Allergic sensitisation is a common phenomenon in pregnancy. Some sensitisations could be asymptomatic. Further studies should investigate if sensitisation in mothers confers risks for immune alterations in their children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-021-00547-0.
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Raiber S, Sezin T, Sadik CD, Bergman R, Avitan-Hersh E. Neonatal Autoimmune Subepidermal IgG/IgA Blistering Disease With Severe Laryngeal and Esophageal Involvement: A Report of a Case and Review of the Literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:783-786. [PMID: 32568839 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease is rare. Mucosal involvement is more common in neonatal linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis. We describe a neonate with subepidermal cutaneous blistering disease with severe laryngeal and esophageal involvement leading to acute respiratory distress. Histopathology demonstrated a subepidermal blister with neutrophils and eosinophils at the dermal base. Collagen IV was detected at the dermal floor, and direct immunofluorescence showed linear IgG, IgA, and C3 deposits at the basement membrane zone. The patient demonstrated markedly increased serum levels of anti-BP180 NC16A and anti-BP230 IgG antibodies (Abs) but failed to show anti-LAD-1 IgA Abs. His healthy mother showed serum anti-LAD-1 IgA Abs but did not show anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 Abs. The neonate responded promptly to systemic corticosteroid therapy. A review of the literature detected 11 cases of neonatal subepidermal blistering disease with linear IgA deposits. Nine of these cases demonstrated coexisting linear IgG deposits, often with C3. Respiratory compromise was present in most of the cases. Neutrophils and eosinophils were commonly present in the inflammatory cell infiltrates. Besides our case, 2 cases of neonatal IgG/IgA subepidermal blistering disease with esophageal involvement were previously described. IgA Abs were present in the sera of both cases. Anti-LAD-1 IgA Abs were detected in the mother's serum of our case alone, but IgA Abs do not cross the placenta. Our case was consistent with neonatal IgG/IgA pemphigoid. Neonatal IgG/IgA subepidermal blistering disease may be associated with severe laryngeal and esophageal involvement leading to respiratory compromise. Expedited diagnosis and prompt treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Raiber
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tanya Sezin
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Reuven Bergman
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rasalam JE, Kumar S, Amalraj P, Bal HS, Mathai J, Kumar M, Sridhar S, Daniel D. Do red cell alloantibodies continue to challenge breast fed babies? Transfus Med 2020; 30:281-286. [PMID: 32083382 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborns have limited specific immune capability at birth, owing to delayed and constrained development of adaptive immunity. To supplement this period the mother passively transfers antibodies to the child either transplacentally or through breast milk. When maternal alloimmunisation occurs through foreign or fetal red cell surface antigens, stimulating the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, these IgG antibodies can cross the placenta and cause haemolytic disease of the fetus and the newborn. OBJECTIVE We present two case reports of a neonate and an infant in whom IgG red cell alloantibodies were transferred through maternal breast milk. METHODS Maternal serum, baby's serum and expressed breast milk samples were tested for the presence of red cell alloantibodies using gel card. Antibody screening, antibody identifications and titres alongside monospecific direct antiglobulin test, IgG subtypes were performed using the standard methods. RESULTS In the first case, a 6-month-old child was incidentally found to have positive antibody screen. Anti-KELL1 was identified, which was also present in maternal serum and breast milk. The second neonate was evaluated for haemolysis and was found to have anti-D. Anti-D was also detected in the maternal serum and breast milk. Both babies did not have any sensitising events. The first baby was asymptomatic, but the second baby had ongoing haemolysis until 1 month. CONCLUSION We report that maternal anti-KELL1 and anti-D antibodies were present in breast milk and were capable of being transferred to a feeding child. Our case report also raises interesting and unanswered immunologic fundamentals that should be considered in neonates with unexplained anaemia or delayed and persistent haemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess E Rasalam
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Snehil Kumar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Pushpanathan Amalraj
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Harshjeet S Bal
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - John Mathai
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Santhanam Sridhar
- Department of Neonatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Dolly Daniel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Victor JR. Do different IgG repertoires play a role in B- and T-cell functional modulation during ontogeny? The "hooks without bait" theory. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:540-548. [PMID: 32342552 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which immunoglobulin (Ig)G can modulate immunity have been investigated over the past few decades. In the past three years, some studies have demonstrated that IgG can play a pivotal role in mediating complex interactions that result in functional lymphocyte modulation during maturation in self or offspring primary lymphoid organs. This effect appears to be dependent on the IgG repertoire in the absence of the influence of antigens and the functionality of diverse cell populations, including B, αβT (CD4 T and CD8 T), invariant natural killer T and γδT cells, in mice and humans. Based on the literature, especially on findings resulting from the therapeutic use of purified IgG (intravenous Ig) and recent pieces of evidence obtained by my group, the "hooks without bait" theory is described here to guide the future development of therapies for specific immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson R Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Environmental Health, FMU, Laureate International Universities, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang L, Ma Y, Yang Z, Jiang S, Liu J, Hettinga KA, Lai J, Zhou P. Geography and ethnicity related variation in the Chinese human milk serum proteome. Food Funct 2019; 10:7818-7827. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human milk provides a range of nutrients and bioactive components, which can support the growth and development of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shan Jiang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group
- Wageningen University & Research
- Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Beijing
- China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Dairy Protein Ingredients
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Ortigoza MB, Blaser SB, Zafar MA, Hammond AJ, Weiser JN. An Infant Mouse Model of Influenza Virus Transmission Demonstrates the Role of Virus-Specific Shedding, Humoral Immunity, and Sialidase Expression by Colonizing Streptococcus pneumoniae. mBio 2018; 9:e02359-18. [PMID: 30563897 PMCID: PMC6299224 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02359-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic potential of influenza A viruses (IAV) depends on the infectivity of the host, transmissibility of the virus, and susceptibility of the recipient. While virus traits supporting IAV transmission have been studied in detail using ferret and guinea pig models, there is limited understanding of host traits determining transmissibility and susceptibility because current animal models of transmission are not sufficiently tractable. Although mice remain the primary model to study IAV immunity and pathogenesis, the efficiency of IAV transmission in adult mice has been inconsistent. Here we describe an infant mouse model that supports efficient transmission of IAV. We demonstrate that transmission in this model requires young age, close contact, shedding of virus particles from the upper respiratory tract (URT) of infected pups, the use of a transmissible virus strain, and a susceptible recipient. We characterize shedding as a marker of infectiousness that predicts the efficiency of transmission among different influenza virus strains. We also demonstrate that transmissibility and susceptibility to IAV can be inhibited by humoral immunity via maternal-infant transfer of IAV-specific immunoglobulins and modifications to the URT milieu, via sialidase activity of colonizing Streptococcus pneumoniae Due to its simplicity and efficiency, this model can be used to dissect the host's contribution to IAV transmission and explore new methods to limit contagion.IMPORTANCE This study provides insight into the role of the virus strain, age, immunity, and URT flora on IAV shedding and transmission efficiency. Using the infant mouse model, we found that (i) differences in viral shedding of various IAV strains are dependent on specific hemagglutinin (HA) and/or neuraminidase (NA) proteins, (ii) host age plays a key role in the efficiency of IAV transmission, (iii) levels of IAV-specific immunoglobulins are necessary to limit infectiousness, transmission, and susceptibility to IAV, and (iv) expression of sialidases by colonizing S. pneumoniae antagonizes transmission by limiting the acquisition of IAV in recipient hosts. Our findings highlight the need for strategies that limit IAV shedding and the importance of understanding the function of the URT bacterial composition in IAV transmission. This work reinforces the significance of a tractable animal model to study both viral and host traits affecting IAV contagion and its potential for optimizing vaccines and therapeutics that target disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Brum Ortigoza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simone B Blaser
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - M Ammar Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandria J Hammond
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Weiser
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Happle C, Jirmo AC, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Habener A, Hoymann HG, Hennig C, Skuljec J, Hansen G. B cells control maternofetal priming of allergy and tolerance in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:685-696.e6. [PMID: 28601684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease resulting from inappropriate immune responses to environmental antigens. Early tolerance induction is an attractive approach for primary prevention of asthma. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the mechanisms of perinatal tolerance induction to allergens, with particular focus on the role of B cells in preconception and early intrauterine immune priming. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and B cell-deficient mice received ovalbumin (OVA) intranasally before mating. Their offspring were analyzed in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS Although antigen application before conception protected WT progeny from allergy, it aggravated allergic airway inflammation in B cell-deficient offspring. B-cell transfer restored protection, demonstrating the crucial role of B cells in perinatal tolerance induction. Effective diaplacentar allergen transfer was detectable in pregnant WT mice but not in pregnant B-cell knockout dams, and antigen concentrations in WT amniotic fluid (AF) were higher than in IgG-free AF of B cell-deficient dams. Application of OVA/IgG immune complexes during pregnancy boosted OVA uptake by fetal dendritic cells (DCs). Fetal DCs in human subjects and mice expressed strikingly higher levels of Fcγ receptors compared with DCs from adults and were highly efficient in taking up OVA/IgG immune complexes. Moreover, murine fetal DCs effectively primed antigen-specific forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells after in vitro coincubation with OVA/IgG-containing AF. CONCLUSION Our data support a decisive role for B cells and immunoglobulins during in utero tolerance priming. These findings improve the understanding of perinatal immunity and might support the development of effective primary prevention strategies for allergy and asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinz Gerd Hoymann
- Working Group for Airway Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hennig
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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Sgnotto FDR, Oliveira MGD, Lira AADL, Bento-de-Souza L, Duarte AJDS, Victor JR. Low doses of IgG from atopic individuals can modulate in vitro IFN-γ production by human intra-thymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells: An IVIg comparative approach. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1563-1572. [PMID: 28441069 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1299299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory effect of allergic responses induced by IgG antibodies on human intra-thymic cells has not been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible differential effect of purified IgG from atopic and non-atopic individuals on human intra-thymic αβT cell cytokine production. Thymic tissues were obtained from 14 patients who were less than 7 d old. Additionally, blood samples were collected from atopic and non-atopic volunteers. Thymocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with purified atopic or non-atopic IgG, and intracellular cytokine production was assessed. Purified IgG did not influence the frequency or viability of human intra-thymic αβT cells. Purified non-atopic IgG induced greater IFN-γ production by intra-thymic CD4+CD8+ T cells than did the mock treatment and atopic IgG. A similar effect of purified non-atopic IgG on TCD8 cells was observed compared with the mock treatment. Atopic IgG inhibited IFN-γ and TGF-β production by intra-thymic TCD4 cells. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in intermediate levels of IFN-γ and TGF-β in intra-thymic TCD4 cells compared with treatment with atopic and non-atopic IgG. Peripheral TCD4 cells from non-atopic individuals produced IFN-γ only in response to atopic IgG. This report describes novel evidence revealing that IgG from atopic individuals may influence intracellular IFN-γ production by intra-thymic αβT cells in a manner that may favor allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio da Ressureição Sgnotto
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marília Garcia de Oliveira
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida de Lima Lira
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luciana Bento-de-Souza
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Division of Pathology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Division of Pathology , Medical School, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Palmer DJ. Timing of Introduction of Solids and Early-Onset Allergic Disease. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-016-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baïz N, Macchiaverni P, Tulic MK, Rekima A, Annesi-Maesano I, Verhasselt V. Early oral exposure to house dust mite allergen through breast milk: A potential risk factor for allergic sensitization and respiratory allergies in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:369-372.e10. [PMID: 27566456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Baïz
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Meri K Tulic
- EA 6302 University Nice Sophia Antipolis, TIM, Nice, France; International Inflammation 'in-FLAME' Network, Worldwide Universities Network, Perth, Australia
| | - Akila Rekima
- EA 6302 University Nice Sophia Antipolis, TIM, Nice, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Medical School Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Verhasselt
- EA 6302 University Nice Sophia Antipolis, TIM, Nice, France; International Inflammation 'in-FLAME' Network, Worldwide Universities Network, Perth, Australia.
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Macchiaverni P, Ynoue LH, Arslanian C, Verhasselt V, Condino-Neto A. Early Exposure to Respiratory Allergens by Placental Transfer and Breastfeeding. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139064. [PMID: 26398234 PMCID: PMC4580413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between allergen exposure and the onset of or protection from allergic diseases remains unclear. Many factors could be related to immunological responses, such as the age when the exposure occurs, type of allergen, timing, dose, and allergen route. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to respiratory allergens could occur in pregnancy or early life. In particular, we assessed whether Der p 1 and Blo t 5, as well as specific antibodies against these allergens, could be detected in 90 paired cord blood and colostrum samples. Der p 1 was detected in 58.6% of colostrum and 29% of cord blood samples, whereas Blot 5 was positive in 41.3% and 9.6% of the samples, respectively. Similar to specific IgA, which could be detected in all samples for both mites, specific IgG was found in a high number of colostrum samples, 93.5% and 94.8% for Dp and Bt, respectively. Although allergens were not detected in all cord blood samples, a high percentage of them (≥95%) were positive for specific IgM to both mites in cord blood samples, suggesting that neonates can be exposed and sensitized to airborne allergens during pregnancy. Many studies have attempted to correlate allergen exposure or its prevention in early infancy with the onset of or protection from allergic diseases. However, conflicting and inconsistent data do not show a clear correlation with or suggest a way to prevent allergen sensitization. Nevertheless, these unconvincing results could be better understood if the relationship with many aspects of allergen exposure after pregnancy could be clarified. Thus, it is necessary to address basic issues related to allergen exposure, including the development of reproducible, standardized and reliable methods, and to determine how and where the exposure occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Macchiaverni
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro H. Ynoue
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christina Arslanian
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valérie Verhasselt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U924 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Yu Z, Chen J, Zhang Q, Yin X, Wang Y, Fu J, Zou L, Kong W. Maternofetal Transfer of Antibodies and the Influence of Maternal Atopic Status on the Neonate. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 29:119-23. [PMID: 25785752 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic evidence has shown that sensitization of allergic diseases develops early in life, even before birth. The gestational environment, including maternal atopic status and transplacentally transferred antibodies to allergens, may be of importance in the sensitization process. Objective To investigate maternofetal transfer of antibodies and the influence of maternal atopic status on the neonatal immune response. Methods Fifty-seven healthy pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean section (ECS) were recruited. Total and specific IgE (Phadiatop) levels in cord blood (CB) and maternal blood (MB) were determined using the ImmunoCAP assay. MB- and CB-specific IgG1 and IgA1 antibodies against ovalbumin and house dust mite were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The cytokines, interleukin (IL)-13, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured CB mononuclear cells were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Two subgroups were defined based on the maternal levels of specific IgE (atopic group, Phadiatop IgE more than or equal to 0.35 kilo international units of allergen-specific antibody (KUA)/L; nonatopic group, Phadiatop IgE less than 0.35 KUA/L). Results Although total IgE was detectable in all MB samples, it could only be detected in 7% (4/57) of the CB samples. Specific IgE was detectable in all MB samples but undetectable in all CB samples. There was no correlation of total IgE between mothers and their neonates. The concentrations of IL-10, IL-13, and allergen-specific IgG1 and IgA1 in the CB samples did not differ significantly between the atopic and nonatopic groups. IFN-γ was undetectable in the CB samples. Conclusions Maternal IgE cannot be transferred to the child in utero. Maternal atopic status has no significant effect on neonatal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Quanming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nanshan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Junmei Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
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Lira AADL, de Oliveira MG, de Oliveira LM, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN, Victor JR. Maternal immunization with ovalbumin or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus has opposing effects on FcγRIIb expression on offspring B cells. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014; 10:47. [PMID: 25221605 PMCID: PMC4161843 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last decade, our group has demonstrated that murine preconception immunization with allergens has a protective effect on allergy development in offspring. The murine model used in the present study allowed us to compare allergy induction by ovalbumin (OVA) and dust mite extract from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). Findings Female mice were immunized with OVA or Dp. Pups from immunized and non-immune mothers were immunized at 3 days old (do) with the same antigen used for the maternal immunization. The offspring were analyzed at 20 do. Preconceptional immunization with OVA or Dp did not increase maternal IgE serum levels, although the immunizations induced an increase in allergen-specific IgG1 Ab levels. Offspring serum analyses revealed that maternal immunization with OVA suppressed IgE production only in offspring immunized with OVA. Both preconception immunization protocols inhibited cellular influx into the airways of immunized offspring compared with controls. Similar frequencies of offspring IgM + B cells were found in the OVA- and Dp-immunized groups compared with their respective control groups. Moreover, preconception immunization with OVA enhanced FcγRIIb expression on OVA-immunized offspring B cells. In contrast, decreased FcγRIIb expression was detected on Dp-immunized offspring B cells compared with cells from the offspring of non-immune mothers. Conclusions Together, these results show that preconception OVA immunization and Dp immunization can inhibit allergy development but have opposite effects on FcγRIIb expression on offspring B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida de Lima Lira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 3rd floor, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Garcia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 3rd floor, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Mendonça de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 3rd floor, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 3rd floor, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 3rd floor, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, University of São Paulo, Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 3rd floor, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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Macchiaverni P, Rekima A, Turfkruyer M, Mascarell L, Airouche S, Moingeon P, Adel-Patient K, Condino-Neto A, Annesi-Maesano I, Prescott SL, Tulic MK, Verhasselt V. Respiratory allergen from house dust mite is present in human milk and primes for allergic sensitization in a mouse model of asthma. Allergy 2014; 69:395-8. [PMID: 24329931 DOI: 10.1111/all.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify environmental risk and protective factors in early life for the prevention of allergy. Our study demonstrates the presence of respiratory allergen from house dust mite, Der p 1, in human breast milk. Der p 1 in milk is immunoreactive, present in similar amounts as dietary egg antigen, and can be found in breast milk from diverse regions of the world. In a mouse model of asthma, oral exposure to Der p through breast milk strongly promotes sensitization rather than protect the progeny as we reported with egg antigen. These data highlight that antigen administration to the neonate through the oral route may contribute to child allergic sensitization and have important implications for the design of studies assessing early oral antigen exposure for allergic disease prevention. The up-to-now unknown worldwide presence of respiratory allergen in maternal milk allows new interpretation and design of environmental control epidemiological studies for allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Macchiaverni
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. Rekima
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis; TIM; Nice France
| | | | - L. Mascarell
- Research and Development; Stallergenes SA; Antony France
| | - S. Airouche
- Research and Development; Stallergenes SA; Antony France
| | - P. Moingeon
- Research and Development; Stallergenes SA; Antony France
| | - K. Adel-Patient
- INRA; UR496 Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire; CEA/IBiTeC-S/SPI; CEA de Saclay; F-91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex; Paris France
| | - A. Condino-Neto
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- EPAR UMR-S 707 INSERM; Paris France
- EPAR UMR-S 707 UPMC Paris6; Medical School Saint-Antoine Paris; Paris France
| | - S. L. Prescott
- School of Pediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia
- The International Inflammation ‘in-FLAME’ Network; Worldwide Universities Network (WUN); Perth Australia
| | - M. K. Tulic
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis; TIM; Nice France
- The International Inflammation ‘in-FLAME’ Network; Worldwide Universities Network (WUN); Perth Australia
| | - V. Verhasselt
- University Nice Sophia Antipolis; TIM; Nice France
- The International Inflammation ‘in-FLAME’ Network; Worldwide Universities Network (WUN); Perth Australia
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The management of paediatric allergy: not everybody's cup of tea--10-11th February 2012. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 13 Suppl 1:S1-50. [PMID: 23377496 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32835e8b94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy has continued to rise over the last 10-15 years, with building concern over the underlying causes and the best strategies to reverse this. Although it is still not clear if infant feeding practices play any significant role in either the aetiology of this epidemic or in its prevention, these have nonetheless been core to many previous prevention strategies. Early 'allergen avoidance' strategies have not only failed, but have instead been increasingly associated with increased risk of allergic disease. Together with other observations in humans and animals, this suggests that earlier introduction of allergenic foods may be a more logical preventive strategy. Based on this, there are several randomised controlled trials world-wide assessing the merits of early introduction of complementary feeding and/or allergenic foods. Until the results of these studies are available it is difficult to provide definitive recommendations regarding the role of early feeding in the induction of oral tolerance and prevention of food allergy.
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Sun Q, Chen X, Yu J, Zen K, Zhang CY, Li L. Immune modulatory function of abundant immune-related microRNAs in microvesicles from bovine colostrum. Protein Cell 2013; 4:197-210. [PMID: 23483481 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-2119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrum provides essential nutrients and immunologically active factors that are beneficial to newborns. Our previous work demonstrated that milk contains large amounts of miRNA that is largely stored in milk-derived microvesicles (MVs). In the present study, we found that the MVs from colostrum contain significantly higher levels of several immune-related miRNAs. We hypothesized that the colostrum MVs may transfer the immune-related miRNAs into cells, which contribute to its immune modulatory feature. We isolated colostrum MVs by ultracentrifugation and demonstrated several immune modulation features associated with miRNAs. We also provide evidence that the physical structure of milk-derived MVs is essential for transfer miRNAs and following immune modulation effect. Moreover, we found that colostrum powder-derived MVs also contains higher levels of immune-related miRNAs that display similar immune modulation effects. Taken together, these results show that MV-containing immunerelated miRNAs may be a novel mechanism by which colostrum modulates body immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, 210093, China
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