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Li T, Xia J, Yun H, Sun G, Shen Y, Wang P, Shi J, Wang K, Yang H, Ye H. A novel autoantibody signatures for enhanced clinical diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:273. [PMID: 37974212 PMCID: PMC10655307 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease that requires precise diagnosis for effective treatment. However, the diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 19 - 9 (CA19-9) is limited. Therefore, this study aims to identify novel tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) for PDAC diagnosis. METHODS A three-phase strategy comprising discovery, test, and validation was implemented. HuProt™ Human Proteome Microarray v3.1 was used to screen potential TAAbs in 49 samples. Subsequently, the levels of potential TAAbs were evaluated in 477 samples via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in PDAC, benign pancreatic diseases (BPD), and normal control (NC), followed by the construction of a diagnostic model. RESULTS In the discovery phase, protein microarrays identified 167 candidate TAAbs. Based on bioinformatics analysis, fifteen tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) were selected for further validation using ELISA. Ten TAAbs exhibited differentially expressed in PDAC patients in the test phase (P < 0.05), with an area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.61 to 0.76. An immunodiagnostic model including three TAAbs (anti-HEXB, anti-TXLNA, anti-SLAMF6) was then developed, demonstrating AUCs of 0.81 (58.0% sensitivity, 86.0% specificity) and 0.78 (55.71% sensitivity, 87.14% specificity) for distinguishing PDAC from NC. Additionally, the model yielded AUCs of 0.80 (58.0% sensitivity, 86.25% specificity) and 0.83 (55.71% sensitivity, 100% specificity) for distinguishing PDAC from BPD in the test and validation phases, respectively. Notably, the combination of the immunodiagnostic model with CA19-9 resulted in an increased positive rate of PDAC to 92.91%. CONCLUSION The immunodiagnostic model may offer a novel serological detection method for PDAC diagnosis, providing valuable insights into the development of effective diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Junfen Xia
- Office of Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Huan Yun
- Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guiying Sun
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Keyan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Mazer BL, Lee JW, Roberts NJ, Chu LC, Lennon AM, Klein AP, Eshleman JR, Fishman EK, Canto MI, Goggins MG, Hruban RH. Screening for pancreatic cancer has the potential to save lives, but is it practical? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:555-574. [PMID: 37212770 PMCID: PMC10424088 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2217354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most patients with pancreatic cancer present with advanced stage, incurable disease. However, patients with high-grade precancerous lesions and many patients with low-stage disease can be cured with surgery, suggesting that early detection has the potential to improve survival. While serum CA19.9 has been a long-standing biomarker used for pancreatic cancer disease monitoring, its low sensitivity and poor specificity have driven investigators to hunt for better diagnostic markers. AREAS COVERED This review will cover recent advances in genetics, proteomics, imaging, and artificial intelligence, which offer opportunities for the early detection of curable pancreatic neoplasms. EXPERT OPINION From exosomes, to circulating tumor DNA, to subtle changes on imaging, we know much more now about the biology and clinical manifestations of early pancreatic neoplasia than we did just five years ago. The overriding challenge, however, remains the development of a practical approach to screen for a relatively rare, but deadly, disease that is often treated with complex surgery. It is our hope that future advances will bring us closer to an effective and financially sound approach for the early detection of pancreatic cancer and its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Mazer
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jae W. Lee
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas J. Roberts
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda C. Chu
- Department of Radiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Marie Lennon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R. Eshleman
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot K. Fishman
- Department of Radiology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G. Goggins
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Heat Shock Factor 1 in Relation to Tumor Angiogenesis and Disease Progression in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2020; 49:1327-1334. [PMID: 33122521 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, the aims were to study the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in patients with pancreatic cancer and to elucidate the relevance between HSF1, angiogenesis, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis. METHODS Pancreatic cancer, paracancerous, and normal pancreatic tissues were collected. The HSF1 RNA and protein expressions were identified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. Associations of HSF1 and cluster of differentiation 34 with clinical variables and disease outcomes were investigated. RESULTS Compared with the normal pancreatic and paracancerous tissue, HSF1 RNA and protein significantly showed higher expression in the pancreatic cancer tissue and was significantly associated with microvessel density. The high expression of HSF1 did not correspond to the patients' sex, age, carcinoembryonic antigen level, diameter of tumors, and locations; however, it corresponded significantly with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation degree, vascular invasion, and distant metastasis. The expression levels of HSF1 and cluster of differentiation 34 were significantly correlated with prognosis, disease specificity, and survival. The high expression of HSF1 would lead to worse prognosis and decrease in survival time and disease-free survival time. CONCLUSIONS HSF1 expression level in pancreatic cancer tissue could be an ideal prognostic biomarker for risk stratification and a potential therapeutic target for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Zhou Y, Cui J, Du H. Autoantibody-targeted TAAs in pancreatic cancer: A comprehensive analysis. Pancreatology 2019; 19:760-768. [PMID: 31255446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality and lacks efficient biomarkers for early diagnosis. In the early stages of pancreatic cancer, humoral immunity can respond to a certain amount of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) with the production of corresponding autoantibodies. Such autoantibody-targeted TAAs (autoTAAs) are highly likely to indicate early events during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of these autoTAAs to explore their physiological function and their involvement and prognostic value in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We first searched the literature to identify the autoTAAs. A PPI network of these autoTAAs was constructed, and core network modules were extracted by Cytoscape software. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to analyze the main physiological functions of these autoTAAs. The prognostic value of autoTAAs in pancreatic cancer was analyzed by using RNA-seq data generated by TCGA. RESULTS The PPI network including 98 autoTAAs was constructed, and 2 subgroups were extracted as core modules. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that key functions and pathways of these autoTAAs were significantly enriched in nucleotide repair, protein synthesis, and cancer-associated events. MSH2, EZR, PGK1, VCL and ANXA2 have prognostic value in pancreatic cancer, and high mRNA expression of these 5 proteins is associated with unfavorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS AutoTAAs may be associated with early events in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer. MSH2, EZR, PGK1, VCL and ANXA2 predict poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Some autoTAAs also have prognostic value in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhou
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- 112 Lab, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zhou CY, Dong YP, Sun X, Sui X, Zhu H, Zhao YQ, Zhang YY, Mason C, Zhu Q, Han SX. High levels of serum glypican-1 indicate poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5525-5533. [PMID: 30358133 PMCID: PMC6246926 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) fails to demonstrate the predictive value for early detection pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Glypican‐1 (GPC1+) exosomes may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to detect early stages of PDAC. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the serum GPC1 levels and determine whether serum GPC1 serves as a novel biomarker for PDAC patients. Blood samples were collected from 156 patients with PDAC, 199 non‐cancer controls, and 240 patients with other cancers. Serological levels of GPC1 were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, a 5‐year follow‐up was monitored to evaluate the correlation between serum GPC1 levels and overall survival in 156 patients with PDAC. The results suggested that levels of serum GPC1 and CA19‐9 were higher in PDAC patients than that of controls (P < 0.05). Serum GPC1 levels in PDAC were different from those in gallbladder carcinoma (P < 0.001), colorectal carcinoma (P < 0.001), gastric carcinoma (P < 0.001), and prostate cancer (P < 0.001), but not hepatocellular carcinoma (P = 0.395) and cholangiocarcinoma (P = 0.724). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that serum CA19‐9 was significantly better than serum GPC1 in distinguishing PDAC patients from the controls (AUC, 95% CI: 0.908, 0.868‐0.947 vs 0.795, 0.749‐0.841, respectively). The serum GPC1 cannot be used as a serum diagnostic biomarker for PDAC patients. The level of serum GPC1 decreased 2 days after surgery (P = 0.001), which were not different from serum GPC1 levels in healthy control (P = 0.381). The overall survival rate was shorter in patients with high levels of serum GPC1 compared to those with low levels of serum GPC1 (log‐rank = 5.16, P = 0.023). Taken together, the results indicate that high levels of serum GPC1 predict poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Serum GPC1 may be a prognosis factor for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Clifford Mason
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su-Xia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Liberati D, Marzinotto I, Brigatti C, Dugnani E, Pasquale V, Reni M, Balzano G, Falconi M, Piemonti L, Lampasona V. No evidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specific autoantibodies to Ezrin in a liquid phase LIPS immunoassay. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:351-357. [PMID: 29660901 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and specific biomarkers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are desperately needed to allow early diagnosis and improve patient's survival. Ezrin autoantibodies were recently described as present in 93% of PDAC patients and 40% of healthy subjects who later developed PDAC. However, another prospective study failed to replicate these findings. Both studies were based on the use of a solid phase ELISA immunoassay. OBJECTIVE We aimed at re-evaluating the usefulness of Ezrin autoantibodies as PDAC biomarkers using the Luciferase Immuno Precipitation System (LIPS), an alternative immunoassay format that found successful application for the measurement of autoantibodies against pancreatic autoantigens. METHODS We produced a Nanoluciferase™ tagged Ezrin (NLuc-Ezrin). NLuc-Ezrin was then used as antigen in LIPS to test for Ezrin autoantibodies patients affected by PDAC (n= 40), other pancreatic diseases (OPD, n= 50), and healthy controls (n= 60). RESULTS Overall, binding in liquid phase to Ezrin by serum antibodies was rare and low titer. Furthermore, we did not find statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Ezrin autoantibodies between patients affected by either PDAC or OPD compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not confirm the usefulness of Ezrin autoAbs as biomarker of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liberati
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Cristina Brigatti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Erica Dugnani
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valentina Pasquale
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Balzano
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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Dumstrei K, Chen H, Brenner H. A systematic review of serum autoantibodies as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11151-64. [PMID: 26840568 PMCID: PMC4905464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. Patients with pancreatic cancer have poor prognosis, partly due to difficulties in detecting it at early stages. While different markers have been associated with pancreatic cancer, many of them show suboptimal sensitivity and specificity. Serum autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens have recently emerged as early stage biomarkers for different types of cancers. Given the urgent need for early and reliable biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, we undertook a systematic review of the published literature to identify primary articles that evaluated serum autoantibodies in pancreatic cancer detection by searching PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Two reviewers extracted data on study characteristics and results independently. Overall, 31 studies evaluating 124 individual serum autoantibodies in pancreatic cancer detection met the inclusion criteria. In general, single autoantibody markers showed relatively low sensitivities at high specificity. A combination of markers, either multiple serum autoantibodies or serum autoantibodies combined with tumor-associated markers, led to a better diagnostic performance. However, most of the analyzed autoantibodies have only been reported in single studies and therefore need to be independently validated. We conclude that serum autoantibodies might present an option as biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer, but more work is needed to identify and validate autoantibody signatures that are associated with early stage pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dumstrei
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongda Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Han SX, Zhou X, Sui X, He CC, Cai MJ, Ma JL, Zhang YY, Zhou CY, Ma CX, Varela-Ramirez A, Zhu Q. Serum dickkopf-1 is a novel serological biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19907-17. [PMID: 26101916 PMCID: PMC4637329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify whether Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) could be a potential biomarker for early detection and prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods Serum was collected from 140 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 92 control patients without pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Serological levels of DKK1 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity and specificity was compared with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). A 2-year follow-up was monitored to evaluate the correlation between DKK1 serum levels and overall survival. The expression of DKK1 in PC tumor tissues was also evaluated using immunohistochemistry staining. Results Serum levels of DKK1 and CA19-9 were elevated in PC patients in the early-stage cases. These levels increased with the advancement of clinical stage. There was significant difference in DKK1 serum levels between early and advanced PC stages. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCC) analysis showed that DKK1 was significantly better than CA19-9 in differentiating patients with PC from the controls (area under the curve (AUC) 0.919 versus 0.853, respectively), especially in distinguishing early-stage cancer from chronic pancreatitis (CP). The expression of DKK1 in PC tissues correlated with its expression in serum samples. The overall survival rate was 24.4% in the group with higher DKK1 levels and was found to be significantly different from the group with lower DKK1 levels (33.3%). Conclusion DKK1 may be a novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-xia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chen-chen He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Meng-jiao Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jin-lu Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuan-yuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cong-ya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chen-xian Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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9
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Zhu Q, Han SX, Zhou CY, Cai MJ, Dai LP, Zhang JY. Autoimmune response to PARP and BRCA1/BRCA2 in cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11575-84. [PMID: 25865228 PMCID: PMC4484477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the role of autoantibodies to PARP1 and BRCA1/BRCA2 which were involved in the synthetic lethal interaction in cancer. Methods Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect autoantibodies to PARP1 and BRCA1/BRCA2 in 618 serum samples including 131 from breast cancer, 94 from lung cancer, 34 from ovarian cancer, 107 from prostate cancer, 76 from liver cancer, 41 from pancreatic cancer and 135 from normal individuals. The positive sera with ELISA were confirmed by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of PARP1 and BRCA1/BRCA2 in breast cancer. Results Autoantibody frequency to PARP1, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in cancer varied from 0% to 50%. When the sera from cancer patients were tested for the presence of autoantibodies to PARP1 and BRCA1/BRCA2, the autoantibody responses slightly decreased and the positive autoantibody reactions varied from 0% to 50.0%. This was significantly higher autoantibody responses to PARP1 and BRCA1/BRCA2 (especially to PARP1 and BRCA1) in ovarian cancer and breast cancer compared to normal control sera (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry indicated that Pathology Grade at diagnosis to PARP1 expression in breast cancer was different (P < 0.05). Conclusions Different cancers have different profiles of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies to proteins involving the synthetic lethal interactions would be novel serological biomarker in some selective cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Su-Xia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Ya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jiao Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Dai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Shi L, Gehin T, Chevolot Y, Souteyrand E, Mangé A, Solassol J, Laurenceau E. Anti-heat shock protein autoantibody profiling in breast cancer using customized protein microarray. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1497-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Middleton CH, Irving W, Robertson JFR, Murray A, Parsy-Kowalska CB, Macdonald IK, McElveen J, Allen J, Healey GF, Thomson BJ, Ryder SJ, Holdenrieder S, Chapman CJ. Serum autoantibody measurement for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103867. [PMID: 25093332 PMCID: PMC4122394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with liver disease, and especially those with Hepatitis B or C, are at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Inadequate screening tests largely account for presentation of advanced tumours and high mortality rates. Early detection of HCC amongst high-risk groups is paramount in improving prognosis. This research aimed to further characterise the previously described humoral immune response raised to tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) in the serum of patients with HCC. Methods Serum from 96 patients with confirmed HCC, 96 healthy controls matched for age and sex, 78 patients with confirmed liver cirrhosis and 91 patients with confirmed chronic liver disease were analysed for the presence of IgG autoantibodies raised to 41 recombinant TAAs/antigen fragments by ELISA. Results Varying autoantibody specificities (97–100%) and sensitivities (0–10%) were observed to individual TAAs. A 21-antigen panel achieved a specificity of 92% and sensitivity of 45% for the detection of HCC. This same panel identified 21% of 169 high-risk controls as having elevated autoantibody levels. A reproducible panel of 10 antigens achieved a specificity of 91% and sensitivity of 41% in HCC. 15% of 152 high-risk controls gave positive results with this panel. Conclusions This minimally invasive blood test has the potential to offer advantages over currently available tools for the identification of HCC amongst pre-disposed patients. Results are comparable to current gold standards in HCC (Ultrasonography) and to similar tests in other cancers (EarlyCDT-Lung).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin H. Middleton
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - William Irving
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John F. R. Robertson
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian J. Thomson
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Ryder
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caroline J. Chapman
- Centre of Excellence for Autoimmunity in Cancer, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Serum anti-CCNY autoantibody is an independent prognosis indicator for postoperative patients with early-stage nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:317-25. [PMID: 24167380 PMCID: PMC3789285 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin Y (CCNY) is a novel cyclin and almost nothing is known about its role in human cancers. To investigate the clinical significance of serum anti-CCNY autoantibodies in nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the serum levels of CCNY protein in 264 patients with NSCLC, 103 patients with tuberculosis, and 89 healthy controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The result shows that, compared with normal lung tissues, the NSCLC tissues contained higher levels of CCNY protein. The levels of anti-CCNY autoantibodies were higher in the sera of the patients with NSCLC than in the sera of the healthy controls (P < 0.001) or the patients with tuberculosis (P = 0.027). Moreover, in a Cox regression analysis, anti-CCNY autoantibody was an independent factor that predicted poor prognosis for postoperative patients with early-stage NSCLC (P = 0.026) as well as for those with distant metastasis (P = 0.012). Our data indicated that Anti-CCNY autoantibody may be useful as a latent tumor marker to facilitate diagnosis and may represent a novel prognostic indicator for patients with early stage NSCLC.
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Abstract
In the process of tumorigenesis, normal cells are remodeled to cancer cells and protein expression patterns are changed to those of tumor cells. A newly formed tumor microenvironment elicits the immune system and, as a result, a humoral immune response takes place. Although the tumor antigens are undetectable in sera at the early stage of tumorigenesis, the nature of an antibody amplification response to antigens makes tumor-associated autoantibodies as promising early biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the recent development of proteomic techniques that make neo-epitopes of tumor-associated autoantigens discovered concomitantly has opened a new area of ‘immuno-proteomics’, which presents tumor-associated autoantibody signatures and confers information to redefine the process of tumorigenesis. In this article, the strategies recently used to identify and validate serum autoantibodies are outlined and tumor-associated antigens suggested until now as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in various tumor types are reviewed. Also, the meaning of autoantibody signatures and their clinical utility in personalized medicine are discussed. [BMB Reports 2012; 45(12): 677-685]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Heo
- Cancer Biomarkers Development Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea
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