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Cui Q, Feng FT, Xu M, Liu WS, Yao YY, Xie SH, Li XZ, Ye ZL, Feng QS, Chen LZ, Bei JX, Feng L, Huang QH, Jia WH, Cao SM, Chang ET, Ye W, Adami HO, Zeng YX. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk prediction via salivary detection of host and Epstein-Barr virus genetic variants. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95066-95074. [PMID: 29221111 PMCID: PMC5707005 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are important etiological factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, in southern China, where NPC is endemic, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the EBV-encoded RPMS1 gene (locus 155391: G > A [G155391A]) and seven host SNPs (rs1412829, rs28421666, rs2860580, rs2894207, rs31489, rs6774494, and rs9510787) were confirmed to be significantly associated with NPC risk in 50 NPC cases versus 54 hospital-based controls with throat washing specimens and 1925 NPC cases versus 1947 hospital-based controls with buffy coat samples, respectively. We established a strategy to detect the NPC-associated EBV and host SNPs using saliva samples in a single test that is convenient, noninvasive, and cost-effective and displays good compliance. The potential utility of this strategy was tested by applying a risk prediction model integrating these EBV and host genetic variants to a population-based case-control study comprising 1026 incident NPC cases and 1148 controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of the NPC risk prediction model of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.76). Net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis showed that inclusion of the EBV SNP significantly improved the discrimination ability of the model (NRI = 0.30, P < 0.001), suggesting the promising value of EBV characteristics for identifying high-risk NPC individuals in endemic areas. Taken together, we developed a promising NPC risk prediction model via noninvasive saliva sampling. This approach might serve as a convenient and effective method for screening the population with high-risk of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Tuo Feng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Miao Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - You-Yuan Yao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Hang Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zu-Lu Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Hong Huang
- Sihui Cancer Institute, Sihui, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Su-Mei Cao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weimin Ye
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Trottier H, Delage G, Hu J, Robitaille N, Buteau C, Tucci M, Lacroix J, Alfieri C. Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in leucoreduced blood products. Vox Sang 2015; 110:199-201. [PMID: 26383177 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of three human herpesviruses (HHV), namely HHV-4 (Epstein-Barr virus/EBV), HHV-6b and HHV-7 in leucoreduced blood products obtained from the Sainte-Justine Hospital blood bank. A total of 100 specimens, including 34 red blood cell concentrates, 33 platelet bags and 33 plasma units, were collected and screened by a sensitive PCR assay using virus-specific primers. Positive units were then retested by quantitative PCR. Of the 100 specimens, one platelet unit tested positive for EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Delage
- Medical Affairs, Héma-Québec, Ville Saint-Laurent, QC, Canada
| | - J Hu
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Robitaille
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Buteau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Tucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Alfieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cervia JS, Wenz B, Ortolano GA. Leukocyte Reduction's Role in the Attenuation of Infection Risks among Transfusion Recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:1008-13. [PMID: 17879916 DOI: 10.1086/521896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the screening of donated blood for infectious agents, the risk of transmitting viral, bacterial, and protozoal infections, as well as newly emerging diseases, via transfusion persists. A complementary approach is leukocyte reduction (LR), the removal of leukocytes from donated blood by filtration. Published evidence, establishing the benefit of LR in reducing the risk of febrile nonhemolytic reactions, cytomegalovirus transmission, and human leukocyte antigen alloimmunization has led to its use for some time for the care of immunosuppressed and other individuals considered to be at high risk for such complications. Recent literature suggests that LR may be effective in reducing the risk of transmission of a number of additional transfusion-transmitted infectious agents, including herpesviruses, retroviruses, bacteria, protozoa, and prions. There is also evidence that LR may reduce the risk of transfusion-related immunomodulation, further contributing to protection against infections that would complicate treatment. With the mounting evidence of potential benefit, a number of countries, as well as many hospitals and blood centers in the United States, have adopted a policy of performing LR for all donated blood. Physicians who care for immunosuppressed patients and those who are responsible for institutional infection-control practices should remain informed of the growing body of literature on LR.
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Qu L, Xu S, Rowe D, Triulzi D. Efficacy of Epstein-Barr virus removal by leukoreduction of red blood cells. Transfusion 2005; 45:591-5. [PMID: 15819681 DOI: 10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005.04303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection results in life-long carriage of latent virus in B lymphocytes in the majority of the adult population, including blood donors. The removal of EBV from red blood cell (RBC) components by leukoreduction was assessed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen randomly selected fresh AS-5 units were leukoreduced by filtration. B lymphocytes from preleukoreduction specimens and mononuclear cells (MNCs) from postleukoreduction specimens were assayed for EBV DNA with sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS EBV genomes were detected in CD19+ B cells in 14 of 16 preleukoreduced RBC units. EBV genomic copy number in the units ranged from 0.18 to 96.84 per 10(5) B lymphocytes representing approximately 135 to 72,630 total EBV genomes per bag. Leukoreduction rendered all but one unit EBV-negative by PCR. The lone PCR-positive unit after leukoreduction amplified 1.2 EBV genome copies from MNCs recovered from the entire unit of leukoreduced RBCs; this unit had the highest EBV viral load before leukoreduction (72,630 EBV genomes). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a 4-log reduction of EBV genomic copy number can be achieved with leukoreduction of RBC units and renders most RBC units EBV-negative by sensitive PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Qu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Abstract
Molecular techniques have become an important tool in Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics. In recent years novel real-time PCR formats and in situ techniques have been developed that offer increased time efficiency, reduced cross-contamination, high reproducibility, high sensitivity and allow determination of viral loads. In the near future, widespread clinical application of these diagnostic modalities may provide increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and may optimize treatment or even explore novel Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases. The monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus viral loads in different tissue compartments is currently being effectively used to assess the treatment response or prognosis in patients with oncological diseases or immunosuppression. This may also gain increasing importance in the nononcological environment. However, the general acceptance of molecular techniques will largely depend on improved standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Häusler
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University Hospital UKA Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Brando B, Barnett D, Janossy G, Mandy F, Autran B, Rothe G, Scarpati B, D'Avanzo G, D'Hautcourt JL, Lenkei R, Schmitz G, Kunkl A, Chianese R, Papa S, Gratama JW. Cytofluorometric methods for assessing absolute numbers of cell subsets in blood. European Working Group on Clinical Cell Analysis. CYTOMETRY 2000; 42:327-46. [PMID: 11135287 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0320(20001215)42:6<327::aid-cyto1000>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enumeration of absolute levels of cells and their subsets in clinical samples is of primary importance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ individuals (CD4+ T- lymphocyte enumeration), in patients who are candidates for autotransplantation (CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells), and in evaluating leukoreduced blood products (residual white blood cells). These measurements share a number of technical options, namely, single- or multiple-color cell staining and logical gating strategies. These can be accomplished using single- or dual-platform counting technologies employing cytometric methods. Dual-platform counting technologies couple the percentage of positive cell subsets obtained by cytometry and the absolute cell count obtained by automated hematology analyzers to derive the absolute value of such subsets. Despite having many conceptual and technical limitations, this approach is traditionally considered as the reference method for absolute cell count enumeration. As a result, the development of single-platform technologies has recently attracted attention with several different technical approaches now being readily available. These single-platform approaches have less sources of variability. A number of reports clearly demonstrate that they provide better coefficients of variation (CVs) in multicenter studies and a lower chance to generate aberrant results. These methods are therefore candidates for the new gold standard for absolute cell assessments. The currently available technical options are discussed in this review together with the results of some cross-comparative studies. Each analytical system has its own specific requirements as far as the dispensing precision steps are concerned. The importance of precision reverse pipetting is emphasized. Issues still under development include the establishment of the critical error ranges, which are different in each test setting, and the applicability of simplified low-cost techniques to be used in countries with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brando
- Transplant Immunology and Hematology Laboratory, Niguarda-Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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