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Van Timothee BM, Du J, Ren Y, He Y, Ruan Y, Liu X, Chen L, Wen J, Ding R, Yu L, Liu Q, Liu X, Liao J, Peng Z, Wu X, Li C, Feng X. The Effect of Iron Overload on the Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia Major. Acta Haematol 2023; 146:517-521. [PMID: 37634507 DOI: 10.1159/000532086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of iron overload on the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) in pediatric patients with β-thalassemia major (TM). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 226 patients with TM from whom PBSCs were collected. Iron overload was based on serum ferritin level, and liver and cardiac iron overload was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2*. RESULTS The mean age of the TM patients was 7.35 ± 3.41 years. Of the patients, only 171 received MRI. Of the 171 patients, 35 had normal liver iron levels, 39 mild liver iron overload, 90 intermediate liver iron overload, and 7 severe liver iron overload. The intermediate + severe group was associated with significantly higher age and BMI and lower leukapheresis product white blood cell count and CD34+ cell levels (all, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Leukapheresis indices were similar between patients with different degrees of iron overload according to the ferritin level and cardiac iron overload, in which the later might be due to the small number of patients with cardiac overload. In patients with TM, the intermediate and severe liver iron overload was associated with poorer mobilization of PBSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin He
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongsheng Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongfang Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
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Wang C, Zhao M, Liu Q, Yang Y, Li Y, Nie Y, Gao S, Li W. Impact of iron overload in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101820. [PMID: 36921731 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload (IOL) is a common condition in patients with hematological malignancies(HMs) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Pathophysiologically, IOL results in iron-induced toxicity in HSCT by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to detrimental effects on hematopoiesis, clonal evolution, and immunosuppression. IOL, therefore, may have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of HSCT. For patients at a higher risk of developing IOL before HSCT, it is necessary to monitor red blood cell transfusion units, serum ferritin (SF) levels and MRI image of organs, and initiate iron removal therapy as soon as possible. Iron chelating therapy (ICT) might be safe and efficient in the post-HSCT period. We provide an overview of results from experimental and clinical evidence on the current understanding of IOL in patients with HMs undergoing HSCT, involving the underlying pathophysiological and clinical impact of IOL, as well as the significance of iron reduction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Munan Zhao
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Nie
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Yiğenoğlu TN, Başcı S, Bakırtaş M, Ulu BU, Kılınç A, Şahin D, Darçın T, Yıldız J, Merdin A, Baysal NA, İskender D, Çakar MK, Dal MS, Hacıbekiroğlu T, Altuntaş F. The effect of serum vitamin B12, folate, ferritin levels and transferrin saturation on stem cell mobilization in allogeneic donors. Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102726. [PMID: 32008954 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheric blood derived stem cells are used in 75 % of allogeneic stem cell transplantations. Iron, vitamin B12 and folate involve in hematopoiesis. Therefore serum levels of iron, vitamin B12 and folat may effect stem cell mobilization. We aimed to analyze the effects of iron status, vitamin B12 and folate levels on peripheric blood stem cell mobilization in healthy donors. METHOD The mobilization results of 218 allogeneic donors were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS In 64 donors, serum ferritin level was <15 μg / L and transferrin saturation was <20 %. When we compared the donors with iron deficiency to the donors without iron deficiency, the number of collected CD34 + cell was significantly higher in donors without iron deficiency. We did not find any impact of serum vitamin B12 and folate level on CD34+ cells collected. CONCLUSION Our study shows that serum ferritin and transferrin saturation have a greater effect on the amount of CD34+ cells collected from donors than serum vitamin B12 and folate levels. Consequently, when compliance tests of allogeneic donors are performed, the evaluation of vitamin B12 and folate levels is not necessary; whereas iron deficiency must be assessed and -if possible- corrected before apheresis is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Nur Yiğenoğlu
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semih Başcı
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Bakırtaş
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Uncu Ulu
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Kılınç
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Şahin
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tahir Darçın
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jale Yıldız
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Merdin
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuran Ahu Baysal
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dicle İskender
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merih Kızıl Çakar
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Dal
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Hacıbekiroğlu
- Department of Hematology, Sakarya University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Altuntaş
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Sii-Felice K, Giorgi M, Leboulch P, Payen E. Hemoglobin disorders: lentiviral gene therapy in the starting blocks to enter clinical practice. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:12-32. [PMID: 29807062 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The β-hemoglobinopathies, transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, are the most prevalent inherited disorders worldwide and affect millions of people. Many of these patients have a shortened life expectancy and suffer from severe morbidity despite supportive therapies, which impose an enormous financial burden to societies. The only available curative therapy is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, although most patients do not have an HLA-matched sibling donor, and those who do still risk life-threatening complications. Therefore, gene therapy by one-time ex vivo modification of hematopoietic stem cells followed by autologous engraftment is an attractive new therapeutic modality. The first proof-of-principle of conversion to transfusion independence by means of a lentiviral vector expressing a marked and anti-sickling βT87Q-globin gene variant was reported a decade ago in a patient with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. In follow-up multicenter Phase II trials with an essentially identical vector (termed LentiGlobin BB305) and protocol, 12 of the 13 patients with a non-β0/β0 genotype, representing more than half of all transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia cases worldwide, stopped red blood cell transfusions with total hemoglobin levels in blood approaching normal values. Correction of biological markers of dyserythropoiesis was achieved in evaluated patients. In nine patients with β0/β0 transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia or equivalent severity (βIVS1-110), median annualized transfusion volume decreased by 73% and red blood cell transfusions were stopped in three patients. Proof-of-principle of therapeutic efficacy in the first patient with sickle cell disease was also reported with LentiGlobin BB305. Encouraging results were presented in children with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia in another trial with the GLOBE lentiviral vector and several other gene therapy trials are currently open for both transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Phase III trials are now under way and should help to determine benefit/risk/cost ratios to move gene therapy toward clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sii-Felice
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie Giorgi
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Leboulch
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emmanuel Payen
- UMR E007, Service of Innovative Therapies, Institute of Biology François Jacob and University Paris Saclay, CEA Paris Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; INSERM, Paris, France.
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Factors affecting hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and apheresis in allogeneic donors: The role of iron status. Transfus Apher Sci 2017. [PMID: 28647301 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infused CD34 cell count has a significant impact on transplant outcome. In this retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the impact of donor iron parameters on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection. A total of 303 related donors were included in the study. The mobilization regimen, recombinant G-CSF, was given for four consecutive days. A CD34+ cell count below 2×106/kg was defined as mobilization failure which was demonstrated in 23 donors (7.6%). Mobilization failure was more frequent in female donors than male donors (13.7% vs 3.4%). Body mass index, mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin and ferritin levels were found to be lower in donors with mobilization failure. Body mass index was significantly correlated with PBSC count on the 4th day of G-CSF. Body mass index, male gender, mean corpuscular volume and ferritin levels had significant impact on PBSC count. Although PBSC count was found to be similar between female and male donors, female gender was shown to have an adverse impact on PBSC collection, which may be attributed to lower body weight and concurrent iron deficiency.
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Greil C, Kiote-Schmidt C, Fink G, Ihorst G, Hildenbeutel S, Bosse R, Duyster J, Engelhardt M, Wäsch R. Successful peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with a cost-efficient single fixed-dose plerixafor schedule in poor mobilizers. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:1849-1858. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1271946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Greil
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chrissoula Kiote-Schmidt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geertje Fink
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ihorst
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffi Hildenbeutel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Bosse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important and often life saving treatment for many hematological malignancies and selected solid tumors. To rescue hematopoiesis after high-dose chemotherapy in autologous HSCT depends on maintaining sufficient stem cells. Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells expressing CD34 in the BM are mobilized into the circulation with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ± chemotherapy prior to autologous HSCT. One of the most important factors for success of autologous HSCT is hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) count. Minimum threshold for the engraftment of hematopoietic cells is accepted as 2 × 10(6) CD34 + cells/kg especially for platelet engraftment. Below this level it is defined as stem cell mobilization failure. There are several factors affecting stem cell mobilization: prior chemotherapy (such as fludarabine, melphalan, lenalidomide) and radiotherapy, age, type of disease, bone marrow cellularity. We tried to summarize the reasons of peripheral stem cell mobilization failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kurnaz
- Hematology Department, Harran University Medical School, Yenişehir Campus, Sanliurfa 63000, Turkey
| | - Leylagül Kaynar
- Apheresis Unit, Dedeman Hematology-Oncology Hospital, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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İlhan Ç, Suyanı E, Sucak GT, Paşaoğlu ÖT, Akı ŞZ, Paşaoğlu H. Inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity in healthy allo-HSCT donors during hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. J Clin Apher 2014; 30:197-203. [PMID: 25270291 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of mobilization with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and apheresis procedure on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant capacity in healthy allo-HSCT donors. The study was conducted in the Stem Cell Transplantation Unit of Gazi University Hospital between October 2010 and March 2011, and 25 consecutive allo-HSCT donors were included. The alteration in the serum levels of iron, iron binding capacity, albumin, ferritin, IL-6, hs-CRP, TAC, MDA, and AOPP were determined at five different time points. (1) Prior to the first dose of G-CSF (T0), (2) preapheresis (on the fourth day of G-CSF before the apeheresis procedure) (T1), (3) immediately postapheresis (T2), (4) 24 h postapheresis (T3), and (5) a week after apheresis (T4). Serum ferritin levels increased steadily after administration of G-CSF and remained high up toT4. Both serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels began to increase in the T1 sampling and reached to a maximum level at T3 and decreased even below the basal levels at T4. Serum AOPP levels decreased at preapheresis and postapheresis time points, while they increased at T3 and T4 samples. Serum MDA levels decreased at T1, T2, T3, and T4 samples. Serum TAC increased significantly and steadily at all time points post G-CSF. In conclusion; mobilization with G-CSF and apheresis caused a transient inflammatory reaction and a protein limited oxidative stress in healthy allo-HCT donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem İlhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Suyanı
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülsan Türköz Sucak
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Tuğçe Paşaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şahika Zeynep Akı
- Department of Hematology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Paşaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ozkurt ZN, Yegin ZA, Suyani E, Aki SZ, Acar K, Yagci M, Sucak GT. Factors affecting stem cell mobilization for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Clin Apher 2011; 25:280-6. [PMID: 20623783 DOI: 10.1002/jca.20246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is curative treatment in various hematologic malignancies. Mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cell is the essential part of ASCT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various mobilization regimens, determine the risk factors associated with mobilization failure (MF). We also investigated whether iron overload, which has an adverse impact on various aspects of HSCT including overall survival had any impact on mobilization kinetics. A total of 118 consecutive patients were included in this study. The rate of MF was 11.8 % with the first mobilization regimen. Frequency of MF was higher in lymphoma (P < 0.001) patients and in those receiving G-CSF alone (P= 0.01). Peripheral CD34+ cell count (P < 0.001), bone marrow cellularity (P < 0.001), reticulin fibrosis (P < 0.05) were significantly lower whereas serum ferritin levels (P = 0.06) tended to be higher in patients with MF. CD34+ cell count of the first apheresis product was positively correlated with the white blood cell count (P < 0.05; r = 0.232), platelet count (P = 0.01; r = 0.233), peripheral CD34+ cell count (P < 0.001; r = 0.704) and the grade of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis (P < 0.001; r = 0.366). Serum ferritin levels were negatively correlated with maximum peripheral CD34+ cell count (P = 0.02; r = -0.216) and the CD34+ cell count in the first product (P = 0.05; r = -0.183). Platelet count (P = 0.03; β = 0.262), peripheral CD34+ cell count (P = 0.02; β=0.279) were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Predicting the poor mobilizers with the platelet count for instance may reduce the risk of MF by using more effective regimens in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zübeyde Nur Ozkurt
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
New advances in effective mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells have permitted a greater proportion of patients to benefit from autologous stem cell transplantation. In this review, the relative merits of peripheral blood and mobilized bone marrow are discussed. All available agents are reviewed. A critical assessment of the appropriate dosing and frequency of available growth factors is undertaken, and the most commonly used chemotherapy plus growth factor combinations are covered. Specific recommendations for patients who are poor mobilizers are dealt with including the role of plerixafor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morie A Gertz
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Steensma DP. Myelodysplasia paranoia: iron as the new radon. Leuk Res 2008; 33:1158-63. [PMID: 19036443 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Few areas concerning the care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have prompted as much disagreement among clinicians as the appropriate role of iron chelation therapy. At least eight conflicting guidelines or consensus statements on iron management in MDS have been published by medical organizations during the past 6 years. Uncertainties about the clinical importance of iron overload and the necessity for iron chelation in transfusion-requiring patients with MDS have caused confusion for patients. Here, I summarize what we have learned and what we still do not know about the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of iron overload in patients with MDS, including the merits and drawbacks of the oral iron chelator, deferasirox. I also draw parallels between iron and radon with respect to the possibility of biological harm, lack of definitive study results, existence of groups at special risk, and fear that the ongoing uncertainties about these elements incite in patients.
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