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Merkel S, Pippi B, Reginatto P, Joaquim AR, Machado GRM, Heidrich D, Furasté ME, Silva JA, Konzen EJS, Scroferneker ML, Andrade SF, Fuentefria AM, Zanette RA. Antifungal activity of azoles, allylamines, and 8-hidroxiquinolines, alone and in combination, against Malassezia pachydermatis in vitro and in vivo. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101475. [PMID: 38479291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis is often reported as the causative agent of dermatitis in dogs. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of azoles and terbinafine (TRB), alone and in combination with the 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8-HQs) clioquinol (CQL), 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-(n-4-chlorophenyl)sulfonamide (PH151), and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-(n-4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonamide (PH153), against 16 M. pachydermatis isolates. Susceptibility to the drugs was evaluated by in vitro broth microdilution and time-kill assays. The Toll-deficient Drosophila melanogaster fly model was used to assess the efficacy of drugs in vivo. In vitro tests showed that ketoconazole (KTZ) was the most active drug, followed by TRB and CQL. The combinations itraconazole (ITZ)+CQL and ITZ+PH151 resulted in the highest percentages of synergism and none of the combinations resulted in antagonism. TRB showed the highest survival rates after seven days of treatment of the flies, followed by CQL and ITZ, whereas the evaluation of fungal burden of dead flies showed a greater fungicidal effect of azoles when compared to the other drugs. Here we showed for the first time that CQL is effective against M. pachydermatis and potentially interesting for the treatment of malasseziosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Merkel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Pippi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angélica R Joaquim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriella R M Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daiane Heidrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina E Furasté
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jonnathan A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Estela J S Konzen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo F Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Régis A Zanette
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Hobi S, Bęczkowski PM, Mueller R, Tse M, Barrs VR. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats. Vet J 2024; 304:106084. [PMID: 38431127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Malassezia are members of the mycobiome of dogs and cats. In the presence of an underlying disease, these yeasts can proliferate, attach to the skin or mucosa to induce a secondary Malassezia dermatitis, otitis externa or paronychia. Since allergic dermatitis is one of the most common underlying causes, diagnostic investigation for allergy is often indicated. Cats may suffer from various other underlying problems, especially where Malassezia dermatitis is generalised. Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats is chronic, relapsing and pruritic. Direct cytology from dermatological lesions and the ear canal, showing "peanut-shaped" budding yeasts, facilitates a rapid and reliable diagnosis. Topical treatment includes antiseptic and antifungal azole-based products. Systemic treatment with oral antifungals is indicated only in severe or refractory disease. Identification and treatment of the underlying cause is essential for an optimal response. In this evidence-based narrative review, we discuss the clinical presentation of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs and cats, underlying comorbidities, and diagnostic considerations. Treatment is discussed in light of emerging evidence of antifungal resistance and the authors' clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hobi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China.
| | - Paweł M Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China
| | - Ralf Mueller
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - May Tse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China; Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Administrative Region of China
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Balandis B, Kavaliauskas P, Grybaitė B, Petraitis V, Petraitienė R, Naing E, Garcia A, Grigalevičiūtė R, Mickevičius V. Synthesis of Novel Benzenesulfonamide-Bearing Functionalized Imidazole Derivatives as Novel Candidates Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium abscessus Complex. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040935. [PMID: 37110358 PMCID: PMC10145568 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant (DR) Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) complex (MAC) are an important public health concern, particularly when affecting individuals with various immunodeficiencies or chronic pulmonary diseases. Rapidly growing antimicrobial resistance among MAC urges us to develop novel antimicrobial candidates for future optimization. Therefore, we have designed and synthesized benzenesulfonamide-bearing functionalized imidazole or S-alkylated derivatives and evaluated their antimicrobial activity using multidrug-resistant M. abscessus strains and compared their antimycobacterial activity using M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Benzenesulfonamide-bearing imidazole-2-thiol compound 13, containing 4-CF3 substituent in benzene ring, showed strong antimicrobial activity against the tested mycobacterial strains and was more active than some antibiotics used as a reference. Furthermore, an imidazole-bearing 4-F substituent and S-methyl group demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against M. abscessus complex strains, as well as M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis H37Ra. In summary, these results demonstrated that novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives, bearing substituted imidazoles, could be further explored as potential candidates for the further hit-to-lead optimization of novel antimycobacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benas Balandis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Petraitienė
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - Ethan Naing
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramunė Grigalevičiūtė
- Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18/7, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Kavaliauskas P, Grybaitė B, Vaickelionienė R, Sapijanskaitė-Banevič B, Anusevičius K, Kriaučiūnaitė A, Smailienė G, Petraitis V, Petraitienė R, Naing E, Garcia A, Mickevičius V. Synthesis and Development of N-2,5-Dimethylphenylthioureido Acid Derivatives as Scaffolds for New Antimicrobial Candidates Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020220. [PMID: 36830130 PMCID: PMC9952208 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing antimicrobial resistance to last-line antimicrobials among Gram-positive pathogens remains a major healthcare emergency worldwide. Therefore, the search for new small molecules targeting multidrug-resistant pathogens remains of great importance. In this paper, we report the synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity characterisation of novel thiazole derivatives using representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, including tedizolid/linezolid-resistant S. aureus, as well as emerging fungal pathogens. The 4-substituted thiazoles 3h, and 3j with naphthoquinone-fused thiazole derivative 7 with excellent activity against methicillin and tedizolid/linezolid-resistant S. aureus. Moreover, compounds 3h, 3j and 7 showed favourable activity against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Compounds 9f and 14f showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida strains, while ester 8f showed good activity against Candida auris which was greater than fluconazole. Collectively, these data demonstrate that N-2,5-dimethylphenylthioureido acid derivatives could be further explored as novel scaffolds for the development of antimicrobial candidates targeting Gram-positive bacteria and drug-resistant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita Vaickelionienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Kazimieras Anusevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-646-21841
| | - Agnė Kriaučiūnaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gabrielė Smailienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Petraitis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Petraitienė
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Pathogenic Microbiology, Birštono Str. 38A, LT-59116 Prienai, Lithuania
| | - Ethan Naing
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Garcia
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Niae S, Yurayart C, Thengchaisri N, Sattasathuchana P. Prevalence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of commensal yeasts in the external ear canal of cats. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:288. [PMID: 34454490 PMCID: PMC8400901 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle factors such as hair length, the frequency of ear cleaning and bathing, age, cat rearing, and sex may contribute to opportunistic yeast infections in the external ear canal of cats. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of commensal yeast organisms in cats’ external ear canals, evaluate their predisposing lifestyle factors, and test the susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to antifungal agents. Results A total of 53 cats (33 male and 20 female) seronegative for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in this study. Their mean age (± standard deviation) was 6.04 (± 3.49) years. Fungal cultures and polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to identify the yeast species derived from the external ear canal. The association between lifestyle factors and the presence of M. pachydermatis was evaluated using Fisher’s exact test. The susceptibility of M. pachydermatis to antifungal agents was also analyzed. M. pachydermatis was the most frequently recovered yeast species, with a prevalence of 50.94 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 36.84–64.94 %). There was an association between hair length and a positive culture for M. pachydermatis (p = 0.0001). The odds of a negative culture for M. pachydermatis among short-haired cats was 11.67 (95 % CI, 3.22–42.24) times higher than that among long-haired cats (p = 0.0002). There was also an association between the frequency of ear cleaning and the presence of M. pachydermatis (p = 0.007). The odds of a negative culture for M. pachydermatis in cats that were receiving ear cleaning at intervals of ≤ 2 weeks was 5.78 (95 % CI, 1.67–19.94) times greater than that of cats receiving ear cleaning at intervals greater than 2 weeks or never (p = 0.0055). Ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations for itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and terbinafine against M. pachydermatis were ≤ 0.063–4 and ≤ 0.063–≥32, ≤ 0.063–8 and 0.125–≥32, ≤ 0.063–≥32 and 0.5–≥32, and ≤ 0.016–1 and 0.125–8 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions M. pachydermatis was the most commonly identified yeast organism in the external ear canal of healthy cats. Hair length and the frequency of ear cleaning played a role in the colonization of M. pachydermatis. The M. pachydermatis isolates had various MIC levels for common fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Niae
- Graduate Student in Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chompoonek Yurayart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naris Thengchaisri
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Latyao, Jatujak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panpicha Sattasathuchana
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Latyao, Jatujak, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Kano R, Aramaki C, Murayama N, Mori Y, Yamagishi K, Yokoi S, Kamata H. High multi-azole-resistant Malassezia pachydermatis clinical isolates from canine Malassezia dermatitis. Med Mycol 2020; 58:197-200. [PMID: 31329927 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis, a lipophilic and aerobic yeast, is a causative agent of Malassezia dermatitis, a common skin mycosis in dogs and cats. This fungus is also responsible for zoonotic fungal infections in human neonates. Ravuconazole (RVZ) is an antifungal azole compound and the active metabolite of fosravuconazole, which was approved for use in humans in Japan in 2018. In the present study, in vitro RVZ susceptibility and multi-azole resistance of 13 clinical M. pachydermatis strains was investigated using the modified Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 test. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the 13 isolates ranged from 0.094 to >32 mg/L for itraconazole (ITZ) and from 0.5 to >32 mg/l for RVZ. Similarly, MICs for ITZ- or RVZ-resistant strains (MICs >32 mg/l) were also >32 mg/l for clotrimazole (CTZ), >32 mg/l for miconazole (MCZ), and 0.25 to >32 mg/L for voriconazole (VRZ). BLAST analysis using the NCBI database showed that ERG11 cDNA of the RVZ-resistant strain encoded Gly at codon 461 and Asp in cytochrome p450 encoded by M. pachydermatis ERG11 mRNA. This work is the first report to describe that an RVZ-resistant M. pachydermatis strain contains ERG11 mutations. The affinity of the protein encoded by ERG11 for RVZ may differ from that of ITZ. Therefore, RVZ has considerable therapeutic potential for treating ITZ-resistant canine Malassezia dermatitis. However, RVZ-resistant strains already exist in canine Malassezia dermatitis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Chizu Aramaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Nobuo Murayama
- Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, 1F TANDEM-HIRANO Bldg. 2-11-14 Hirano, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0023, Japan
| | - Yuko Mori
- Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, 1F TANDEM-HIRANO Bldg. 2-11-14 Hirano, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0023, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamagishi
- Nagano Hongo Animal Clinic, 9-7-9 Miwa, Nagano-City, Nagano 380-0803, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yokoi
- Sennan Animal Hospital, 3-2297-1 Noda, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka 590-0451, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamata
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Antifungal Resistance Regarding Malassezia pachydermatis: Where Are We Now? J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020093. [PMID: 32630397 PMCID: PMC7345795 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast inhabiting the skin and ear canals in healthy dogs. In the presence of various predisposing conditions it can cause otitis and dermatitis, which are treated with multiple antifungal agents, mainly azole derivatives. This manuscript aims to review the available evidence regarding the occurrence of resistance phenomena in this organism. Various findings support the capacity of M. pachydermatis for developing resistance. These include some reports of treatment failure in dogs, the reduced antifungal activity found against yeast isolates sampled from dogs with exposure to antifungal drugs and strains exposed to antifungal agents in vitro, and the description of resistance mechanisms. At the same time, the data reviewed may suggest that the development of resistance is a rare eventuality in canine practice. For example, only three publications describe confirmed cases of treatment failure due to antifungal resistance, and most claims of resistance made by past studies are based on interpretive breakpoints that lack sound support from the clinical perspective. However, it is possible that resistant cases are underreported in literature, perhaps due to the difficulty of obtaining a laboratory confirmation given that a standard procedure for susceptibility testing of M. pachydermatis is still unavailable. These considerations highlight the need for maintaining surveillance for the possible emergence of clinically relevant resistance, hopefully through a shared strategy put in place by the scientific community.
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Angileri M, Pasquetti M, De Lucia M, Peano A. Azole resistance of Malassezia pachydermatis causing treatment failure in a dog. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 23:58-61. [PMID: 30662826 PMCID: PMC6325069 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old neutered female toy Poodle chronically treated with systemic and topical azoles to control recurrent Malassezia dermatitis/otitis was presented because of the loss of treatment efficacy. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) obtained in vitro for various azoles (especially itraconazole and ketoconazole) against Malassezia strains isolated from the dog were increased by several-fold compared with MICs obtained for control isolates. These results reinforced the assumption based on clinical observation, i.e. the development of azole resistance
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Angileri
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Via dell’Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
| | - Mario Pasquetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Michela De Lucia
- San Marco Veterinary Clinic, Via dell’Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, Italy
| | - Andrea Peano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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Silva FA, Conde-Felipe M, Rosario I, Ferrer O, Real F, Déniz S, Acosta F, Padilla D, Acosta-Hernández B. Susceptibility ofMalassezia pachydermatisto aminoglycosides. Mycoses 2017; 60:796-799. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Alejandro Silva
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Magnolia Conde-Felipe
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rosario
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Otilia Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Fernando Real
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Soraya Déniz
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Félix Acosta
- Parque Científico Tecnológico Marino; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria - Ctra.; Las Palmas Spain
| | - Daniel Padilla
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Arucas Las Palmas Spain
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10
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Yeast caspase-dependent apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742 induced by antifungal and potential antitumor agent clotrimazole. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:97-106. [PMID: 28819786 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clotrimazole is an antifungal medication commonly used in the treatment of fungal infections. There is also promising research on using clotrimazole against other diseases such as malaria, beriberi, tineapedis and cancer. It was aimed to investigate the apoptotic phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by clotrimazole. The exposure of S. cerevisiae to 10 µM clotrimazole for 3, 6 and 9 h caused to decrease in cell viability by 24.82 ± 0.81, 56.00 ± 1.54 and 77.59 ± 0.53%, respectively. It was shown by Annexin V-PI assay that 110 µM clotrimazole treatment caused to death by 35.5 ± 2.48% apoptotic and only 13.1 ± 0.08% necrotic pathway within 30 min. The occurrence of DNA strand breaks and condensation could be visualised by the TUNEL and DAPI stainings, respectively. Yeast caspase activity was induced 12.34 ± 0.71-fold after 110 µM clotrimazole treatment for 30 min compared to the control. The dependency of clotrimazole-induced apoptosis to caspase was also shown using Δyca1 mutant.
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11
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Methodological Issues in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Malassezia pachydermatis. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3030037. [PMID: 29371554 PMCID: PMC5715951 DOI: 10.3390/jof3030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts have been developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). These methods are intended to test the main pathogenic yeasts that cause invasive infections, namely Candida spp. and Cryptococcusneoformans, while testing other yeast species introduces several additional problems in standardization not addressed by these reference procedures. As a consequence, a number of procedures have been employed in the literature to test the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis. This has resulted in conflicting results. The aim of the present study is to review the procedures and the technical parameters (growth media, inoculum preparation, temperature and length of incubation, method of reading) employed for susceptibility testing of M. pachydermatis, and when possible, to propose recommendations for or against their use. Such information may be useful for the future development of a reference assay.
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12
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Marrero EJ, Silva FA, Rosario I, Déniz S, Real F, Padilla D, Díaz EL, Acosta-Hernández B. Assessment of in vitro inhibitory activity of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of Malassezia pachydermatis and to compare its efficacy with commercial ear cleaners. Mycoses 2017; 60:645-650. [PMID: 28557001 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Otitis caused by Malassezia pachydermatis is generally a common and recurrent disease in canine clinical pathology. The increased incidence of fungal resistant to antifungal in both humans and pets is a cause for concern and is associated with the indiscriminate use of antifungals. Finding the most effective disinfectants and antifungals has become essential. To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of M. pachydermatis and compare its efficacy with commercial ear cleaners. The test for sensitivity to antimicrobials was carried out following the indications of the CLSI document M44-A2. The comparative results demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide 1.5% showed excellent results for growth inhibition of M. pachydermatis, followed by Epiotic® and MalAcetic® , the lowest result was for Otoclean® .
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Affiliation(s)
- Edrei Javier Marrero
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Freddy Alejandro Silva
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rosario
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Soraya Déniz
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Real
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Padilla
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Esther Licia Díaz
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal (IUSA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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13
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Silva FA, Ferrer O, Déniz S, Rosario I, Conde-Felipe M, Díaz EL, Acosta-Hernández B. In vitro
susceptibility testing of Malassezia pachydermatis
to gentamicin. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:348-e76. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy A. Silva
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Otilia Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Soraya Déniz
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rosario
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Magnolia Conde-Felipe
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Esther L. Díaz
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA); Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35413 Arucas Las Palmas Spain
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14
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Paterson S. Topical ear treatment - options, indications and limitations of current therapy. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:668-678. [PMID: 27747880 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Topical otic products form an integral part of the overall management of otitis externa. With an ever increasing array of ear drops and cleaners to choose from, appropriate selection of therapy can be difficult. The investigation of all cases of otitis externa should consider primary and secondary causes and predisposing and perpetuating factors. This article considers topical therapy under these same broad headings and discusses, through literature review, the various properties of the components of the ear cleaning solutions and drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paterson
- Rutland House Veterinary Hospital, St Helens, Merseyside WA9 4HU
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15
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Rojas FD, Córdoba SB, de los Ángeles Sosa M, Zalazar LC, Fernández MS, Cattana ME, Alegre LR, Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Giusiano GE. Antifungal susceptibility testing ofMalasseziayeast: comparison of two different methodologies. Mycoses 2016; 60:104-111. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia D. Rojas
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
| | - Susana B. Córdoba
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán”; Buenos Aires Chaco Argentina
| | - María de los Ángeles Sosa
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
| | - Laura C. Zalazar
- Cátedra de Matemática Aplicada; Facultad de Humanidades; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
| | - Mariana S. Fernández
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
| | - María E. Cattana
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
| | - Liliana R. Alegre
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
| | | | - Gustavo E. Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología; Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia Chaco Argentina
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16
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Clinical evaluation of an antiinflammatory and antioxidant diet effect in 30 dogs affected by chronic otitis externa: preliminary results. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:29-38. [PMID: 26743397 PMCID: PMC4754334 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-015-9651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this evaluation study was to assess the possible role of a specific nutraceutical diet in relieving main clinical symptoms of chronic bilateral otitis externa (occlusion of ear canal, erythema, discharge quantity, and odor) in 30 adult dogs. Thirty dogs of different breeds (mean age ± SEM; 6.03 ± 0.15 years and mean weight ± SEM; 32.01 ± 1.17 Kg; 53.3% males, 46.6% females) with evident chronic clinical otitis symptoms were equally divided and randomly assigned to receive either the nutraceutical diet (ND group) or a standard diet (SD group) over a period of 90 days. In all cases a topical pharmacological treatment was given. The nutraceutical diet, also endowed with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, significantly decreased the mean score intensity of all symptoms after 90 days of intervention (P < 0.0001) with the exception of Malassezia pachydermatis infection which was only slightly reduced. Our investigation is one of the few evidence-based results where a commercial nutraceutical diet has been proven effective, in combination with drugs, in relieving otitis externa-related symptoms. This study opens new insights into otitis externa clinical management providing evidence of efficacy of a combined therapy with drugs and a specific nutraceutical diet.
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17
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Álvarez-Pérez S, García ME, Peláez T, Blanco JL. Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility testing of multiple Malassezia pachydermatis isolates from otitis and dermatitis cases in pets: is it really worth the effort? Med Mycol 2015; 54:72-79. [PMID: 26333353 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 216 colonies of Malassezia pachydermatis from 28 cases of fungal otitis or dermatitis in pets were genotyped by M13 fingerprinting and tested for antifungal susceptibility. A huge genetic diversity was found (157 M13 types in total), with all animals having a polyclonal pattern of infection (5.4 ± 1.5 genotypes/sample). Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most genetic diversity (44%) was found at the within sample level. In contrast, variability in antifungal susceptibility among isolates from the same sample was less important, with different M13 types displaying in most cases identical or very similar MIC results. Most isolates displayed high in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, terbinafine and all azoles tested except fluconazole, for which MIC values were always ≥4 μg/ml and a 26.9% of isolates displayed values ≥32 μg/ml. We conclude that although characterization of multiple yeast isolates results in a considerable increase in laboratory workload and expenses, it may help to get a better understanding of the epidemiology of M. pachydermatis in a given patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta E García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Peláez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, UCM, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Agar Diffusion Procedures for Susceptibility Testing of Malassezia pachydermatis: Evaluation of Mueller-Hinton Agar Plus 2 % Glucose and 0.5 µg/ml Methylene Blue as the Test Medium. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:153-8. [PMID: 26138434 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to verify whether Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2 % glucose and methylene blue (MH-GM), which is used for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of Candida species by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, is suitable for testing Malassezia pachydermatis. A variant of the disk diffusion procedure utilizing a 9-mm tablet was used to test 31 isolates against clotrimazole and miconazole using MH-GM as test medium. The MH-GM agar optimally supported the growth of all M. pachydermatis isolates, provided that the yeast inoculum was prepared with a lipid source (Tween 40 and 80). Zone edges were frequently definite and clear, facilitating the measurement of zone size and minimizing subjectivity. The inhibition zones correlated with MIC values obtained in a broth dilution assay. The agar diffusion method with MH-GM as the test medium appears as a suitable procedure for testing the susceptibility of M. pachydermatis to CTZ and MCZ in clinical laboratories. This test format may allow processing a large number of isolates in epidemiological studies. This may in turn facilitate clarifying to what extent the problem "drug resistance" accounts for cases of treatment failure in dogs with Malassezia otitis and dermatitis.
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19
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Chiavassa E, Tizzani P, Peano A. In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis Strains Isolated from Dogs with Chronic and Acute Otitis Externa. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:315-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Sequential exposure of Malassezia pachydermatis to azoles: enhanced or decreased activity? Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:255-6. [PMID: 24786225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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In vitro amphotericin B susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis determined by the CLSI broth microdilution method and Etest using lipid-enriched media. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4203-6. [PMID: 24752258 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00091-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the in vitro amphotericin B susceptibility of 60 Malassezia pachydermatis isolates by the CLSI broth microdilution method and the Etest using lipid-enriched media. All isolates were susceptible at MICs of ≤ 1 μg/ml, confirming the high activity of amphotericin B against this yeast species. Overall, the essential agreement between the tested methods was high (80% and 96.7% after 48 h and 72 h, respectively), and all discrepancies were regarded as nonsubstantial.
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22
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Yurayart C, Nuchnoul N, Moolkum P, Jirasuksiri S, Niyomtham W, Chindamporn A, Kajiwara S, Prapasarakul N. Antifungal agent susceptibilities and interpretation of Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida parapsilosis isolated from dogs with and without seborrheic dermatitis skin. Med Mycol 2013; 51:721-30. [PMID: 23547880 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.777165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia pachydermatis and Candida parapsilosis are recognized as commensal yeasts on the skin of healthy dogs but also causative agents of eborrheic dermatitis, especially in atopic dogs. We determined and compared the susceptibility levels of yeasts isolated from dogs with and without seborrheic dermatitis (SD) using the disk diffusion method (DD) for itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), nystatin (NYS), terbinafine (TERB) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and the broth microdilution method (BMD) for ITZ and KTZ. The reliability between the methods was assessed using an agreement analysis and linear regression. Forty-five M. pachydermatis and 28 C. parapsilosis isolates were identified based on physiological characteristics and an approved molecular analysis. By DD, all tested M. pachydermatis isolates were susceptible to ITZ, KTZ, NYS and TERB but resistant to 5-FC. Only 46 - 60% of the tested C. parapsilosis isolates were susceptible to KTZ, TERB and 5-FC, but ITZ and NYS were effective against all. By BMD, over 95% of M. pachydermatis isolates were susceptible to KTZ and ITZ with an MIC90 < 0.03 and 0.12 μg/ml, respectively. The frequency of KTZ- and ITZ-resistant C. parapsilosis was 29% and 7%, and the MIC90 values were 1 μg/ml and 0.5-1 μg/ml, respectively. Regarding the agreement analysis, 2.2% of minor errors were observed in M. pachydermatis and 0.2-1% of very major errors occurred among C. parapsilosis. There were no significant differences in the yeast resistance rates between dogs with and without SD. KTZ and ITZ were still efficacious for M. pachydermatis but a high rate of KTZ resistant was reported in C. parapsilosis.
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23
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Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Rojas F, Tur-Tur C, de los Ángeles Sosa M, Diez GO, Espada CM, Payá MJ, Giusiano G. In vitroantifungal activity of topical and systemic antifungal drugs againstMalasseziaspecies. Mycoses 2013; 56:571-5. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia; Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - María Jesús Payá
- Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Instituto de Medicina Regional; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Resistencia; Argentina
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