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Childhood oral lichen planus: a case series with review of literature. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:341-353. [PMID: 35094367 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous condition, the exact etiology of which is still unknown. It is known to occur chiefly in adults and has a reported prevalence of 0.5-2% in general population and < 2-3% of total in pediatric population. OLP is considered as Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder with a malignant transformation rate of 1-2% in adults. Its occurrence in children is a rare finding with few cases reported in the literature. As a result, it gets misdiagnosed by the general practitioner and hence, there is a need to consider OLP in differential diagnosis of white lesions of oral cavity even in children. Therefore, in this paper, we present six cases of childhood OLP along with their management and follow-up. CASE SERIES We present here six patients aged between 11 and 13 years who presented either as incidental finding or as symptomatic lesions and were diagnosed with OLP. Symptomatic patients were treated with topical steroid ointment and both the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were followed-up. We have also presented literature review of childhood OLP reported in PubMed, Medline and google scholar from 1980 till December 2020. CONCLUSION OLP is unusual in children and is often left untreated due to low awareness among the patients. Can be often misdiagnosed and should be considered in differential diagnosis of any white lesion of oral cavity. Any such lesions must be correctly diagnosed in time to institute appropriate management and follow-up.
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Rathi S, Joshi A, Manchanda Y. Childhood lichen planus. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_132_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang F, Tan YQ, Zhang J, Zhou G. Familial oral lichen planus in a 3-year-old boy: a case report with eight years of follow-up. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:341. [PMID: 33243193 PMCID: PMC7690117 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease characterized by adult predominance and a prolonged course. However, it is rare in the pediatric population with familial aggregation. CASE PRESENTATION A 3-year-old boy presented with pain and irritation on the oral mucosa while contacting spicy food for 2 months. Oral examination showed widespread whitish reticular and papular lesions on the lips, the dorsum of the tongue, and bilateral buccal mucosa, with diffuse erosions covered with pseudomembrane on the buccal mucosa. The boy's parents were examined to exhibit white reticular and plaque-like lesions on their oral mucosa. The three patients were clinically diagnosed as affected by OLP and histopathologically confirmed. The boy underwent topical treatment with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb-bFGF) gel, and oral lesions gradually resolved and healed. Neither of his parents received treatment. During the subsequent follow-ups, none of three patients underwent any medical treatment. Fortunately, their lesions had almost faded over 8 years. CONCLUSIONS Our case emphasizes that pediatric OLP should be recorded with family history. Besides, long-term periodic follow-up is recommended in pediatric patients with OLP for monitoring any changes in lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China. .,Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 237, China.
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Kotha S, Kolalapudi S, Saka S, Konala S, Palakurthi S, Arumilli P. Lichen planus in children: A prospective study over a period of 2.5 years. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jdrntruhs.jdrntruhs_99_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Diop A, Ly F, Ndiaye MT, Seck B, El Omari A, Diouf A, Tajaoui M, Diadie S, Ahy Diatta B, Ndiaye M, Diallo M, Niang S, Kane A, Thierno Dieng M. Epidemiology, clinical features, and associated factors in 78 cases of lichen planus on black skin. Int J Dermatol 2019; 59:137-142. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assane Diop
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Fatimata Ly
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Mame Tene Ndiaye
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Birame Seck
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Amal El Omari
- Dermatology Hospital Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) Dakar Senegal
| | - Astou Diouf
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Myriam Tajaoui
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Saer Diadie
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | | | - Maodo Ndiaye
- Dermatology Hospital Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) Dakar Senegal
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Dermatology Hospital Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) Dakar Senegal
| | - Suzanne Niang
- Dermatology Hospital Institute of Social Hygiene (IHS) of Dakar Dakar Senegal
| | - Assane Kane
- Dermatology Hospital Aristide Le Dantec (HALD) Dakar Senegal
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Cascone M, Celentano A, Adamo D, Leuci S, Ruoppo E, Mignogna MD. Oral lichen planus in childhood: a case series. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:641-652. [PMID: 28256018 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the exact incidence of pediatric oral lichen planus (OLP) is unknown, the oral mucosa seems to be less commonly involved, and the clinical presentation is often atypical. The aim of the study is to present a case series of OLP in childhood. METHODS From our database, we retrospectively selected and analyzed the clinical data of OLP patients under the age of 18 where the diagnosis had been confirmed by histopathological analysis. RESULTS The case series from our database shows eight patients, four males and four females. The mean (±SD) age at the time of diagnosis of the disease was 13.5 (±2.73) years, ranging in age from 9 to 17. Clinically, a reticular pattern was present in six patients (75%), and the tongue was the most commonly involved oral site (six cases, 75%). We also report the first case of OLP in a 9-year-old girl affected by autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. CONCLUSIONS We report the largest case series of pediatric OLP published in literature thus far. Differences in the disease between adults and pediatric patients have been detected, but further investigation and a larger case series are needed to establish any detailed differences in clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cascone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Adamo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Ruoppo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Lu SL, Qi XM, Dong G, Chen SL, Guo DW, Wang YL, Yang PS. Clinical characteristics and analysis of familial oral lichen planus in eight Chinese families. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2281-2284. [PMID: 27698724 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases; however, familial OLP is uncommon. The present study reported and analyzed patients with familial OLP (n=18) in eight different Chinese families between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. Parameters analyzed include gender, age at diagnosis, lesion distribution and lesion type. The follow-up period for each patient was a minimum of 1 year. In this survey, 18/88 individuals in the eight families were affected. Females were more frequently affected, and the female to male ratio for familial OLP (2.2:1) was higher compared with that previously reported for nonfamilial OLP (1.4:1). The age at diagnosis, lesion distribution and lesion type showed consistency with reports concerning nonfamilial OLP, with the exception of family VI, in which 4/5 children had OLP/LP lesions and were of an early age at diagnosis. There were two families in which three generations had been affected by OLP. In addition, it appeared that patients of the same generation in the same family were of a similar age at diagnosis. No malignant or premalignant lesion was identified in the 18 individuals diagnosed with OLP from the eight families. The present study supports the hypothesis that genetic predisposition may serve a role in the etiology of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lai Lu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Oral Medical Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Min Qi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Dong
- Oral Medical Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lan Chen
- Oral Medical Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Guo
- Oral Medical Center of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Long Wang
- Gout Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Pi-Shan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is infrequently seen in children and the clinical presentation is often atypical. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical features and treatment response in childhood LP to date. The clinical profile and treatment response data of patients younger than 14 years old with LP (entered in a predesigned pro forma study) from January 1997 to June 2011 were analyzed. The treatment was administered according to a predetermined departmental protocol and was comprised of topical steroids with or without oral dapsone or corticosteroids. Patients were evaluated for response, adverse effects, and relapse. The study population consisted of 316 children (166 boys, 150 girls), or 18.7% of the total registered patients in the LP clinic. The mean age was 10.28 years (range 2-14 years). Cutaneous lesions were seen in 96.2%. Involvement of the oral mucosa was detected in 18%, nails in 13.9%, scalp in 8.2%, and genitalia in 4.4%. Classic LP was most prevalent (53.8%), followed by eruptive (16.5%), hypertrophic (8.2%), linear (6.9%), and lichen planopilaris (6.3%). LP pigmentosus, annular, and atrophic variants were encountered infrequently. Topical corticosteroids were the most common treatment used in 69.5% of patients, 28.8% of whom had excellent response at 6 months, although 38.8% failed to follow up. Dapsone was prescribed in 20% and systemic steroids in 9.8% of patients. We report the largest series to date of LP in childhood, with a more varied clinical presentation than in previous series. The course and response to treatment were similar to those in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pandhi
- Department of Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Saint-Jean M, Tessier MH, Barbarot S, Billet J, Stalder JF. [Oral disease in children]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010; 137:823-37. [PMID: 21134589 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Saint-Jean
- Clinique Dermatologique, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Place A.-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
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Kragelund C, Hansen C, Reibel J, Nauntofte B, Broesen K, Pedersen AML, Smidt D, Eiberg H, Torpet LA. Polymorphic drug metabolizing CYP-enzymes - a pathogenic factor in oral lichen planus? J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:63-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is the largest UK patient group with oral lichen planus (OLP) to be studied in terms of the demographic and clinical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were taken from the medical records of 690 consecutive patients referred to Oral Medicine subsequently found to have clinical, and usually histopathological confirmatory features of OLP. Over two-thirds (68.7%) of the patients were Caucasians. RESULTS Eighty-two per cent of the patients had been referred to a specialist Oral Medicine service by general dental practitioners, 62% of the patients being referred as a consequence of oral mucosal and/or gingival pain. Reticular OLP was the most common intra-oral presentation, but 60% of such lesions were accompanied by other clinical types of OLP. 95% of lesions were bilateral. About 13% of patients reported symptoms or signs, or had a known history of lichen planus or possible lichen planus affecting non-oral epithelia. In only 13% of patients did all signs and symptoms of OLP resolve within 12-246 months (median 35 months). A malignant transformation rate of 1.9% was observed in the present group. CONCLUSIONS Oral lichen planus in UK persons almost always gives rise to bilateral reticular OLP, rarely resolves spontaneously, and has a low rate of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ingafou
- Oral Medicine, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences, UCL, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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Bermejo-Fenoll A, López-Jornet P. Familial oral lichen planus: presentation of six families. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 102:e12-5. [PMID: 16876038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a series of 13 different cases of oral lichen planus (OLP) in 6 different families. STUDY DESIGN From 249 lichen planus cases, we found 13 that could be considered to be family related. A study of these 13 cases of OLP was carried out across the various generations, and the means of presentation, placement, and injuries were studied, as well as signs and symptoms. RESULTS The predominant affectation was in the women; only 2 patients were male. The mothers showed predominance toward erythematous OLP with greater symptoms, and in their children, symptom-free white OLP was predominant. CONCLUSIONS It seems there may be some genetic predisposition toward OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrosio Bermejo-Fenoll
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Transient liver hypoxia after liver hilus dearterialization. ScientificWorldJournal 1979; 2014:742826. [PMID: 24672362 PMCID: PMC3929580 DOI: 10.1155/2014/742826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that most often affects middle-aged adults. LP can involve the skin or mucous membranes including the oral, vulvovaginal, esophageal, laryngeal, and conjunctival mucosa. It has different variants based on the morphology of the lesions and the site of involvement. The literature suggests that certain presentations of the disease such as esophageal or ophthalmological involvement are underdiagnosed. The burden of the disease is higher in some variants including hypertrophic LP and erosive oral LP, which may have a more chronic pattern. LP can significantly affect the quality of life of patients as well. Drugs or contact allergens can cause lichenoid reactions as the main differential diagnosis of LP. LP is a T-cell mediated immunologic disease but the responsible antigen remains unidentified. In this paper, we review the history, epidemiology, and clinical subtypes of LP. We also review the histopathologic aspects of the disease, differential diagnoses, immunopathogenesis, and the clinical and genetic correlations.
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