First report of a fibro-adenoma in axillary mammary tissue of a renal transplant patient taking cyclosporin

Fibroadenoma Arising in Axillary Ectopic Breast Tissue. A Diagnostic Challenge

Ectopic or accessory breast tissue may occur in primitive embryonic milk lines or locations other than the milk line. The same pathology arising in breast tissue may occur less frequently in ectopic breast tissue. Fibroadenomas rarely occur in ectopic breast tissue, with less than 50 reported cases in the English literature, despite being the most common benign breast neoplasms. Diagnosing fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue can be challenging due to the lack of clinical suspicion and the atypical findings in imaging studies. Treatment consists of surgical excision. In this manuscript, we present a case of a 24-year-old patient with a fibroadenoma of the left axilla arising in bilateral axillary ectopic breast tissue, and we comprehensively review the literature.

Fibroadenomatosis involving bilateral breasts and axillary accessory breast tissues in a renal transplant recipient given cyclosporin A

We present the mammographic and sonographic findings in a case of fibroadenomatosis involving both breasts and axillae in a renal transplant patient after 16 years of treatment with cyclosporin A. Awareness of the fact that cyclosporin A may induce the formation of fibroadenomas, including in accessory breast tissue, is important for correct diagnosis and preventing unnecessary intervention.

The occurrence of primary hepatic adenoma in deceased donor renal transplant recipient

MAIN FINDINGS

We reported a case of new-onset, multi-focal hepatic adenoma in an 18 year-old man with no classic risk factors occurring forty months after a renal transplant from a cadaver donor. Histopathology of the adenoma was examined and genotype and phenotype were also analyzed. Histopathologic examination of the adenoma showed no malignancy. Genotype and phenotype analysis revealed no HNF1α or β-catenin gene mutations and no inflammatory infiltration. The patient was well and disease-free postoperatively. CASE HYPOTHESIS: Hepatic adenoma occurs mostly in those taking oral contraceptives or androgenic-anabolic steroids or in those with hereditary diseases. Hepatic adenoma in a renal transplant recipient is rare and has only been reported in one case with glycogen storage disease type Ia. Immunosuppressive treatment might have contributed to the development of the neoplasm.

PROMISING FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

Although malignant change occurs most often in β-catenin gene mutation hepatic adenoma, surgical resection of the adenoma in a patient under immunosuppressive therapy should be considered in order to avoid the possibility of malignant transformation or hemorrhagic rupture.