Linear-agminated juvenile xanthogranulomas

Juvenile xanthogranulomas: Examining single, multiple, and extracutaneous presentations

BACKGROUND

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by yellowish papules in the skin. JXGs most often occur in infancy or early childhood and are typically solitary and asymptomatic, often regressing after several years. While JXGs predominantly occur on the skin, extracutaneous JXGs also exist.

AIMS

In this paper, we review the literature on single, multiple, and visceral JXGs and provide recommendations on monitoring and work-up.

MATERIALS & METHODS

A literature review was conducted with the PubMed database using selective search terms for single, multiple, ocular, and visceral lesions as well as NF1/JMML.

RESULTS / DISCUSSION

JXG is typically a self-limited disorder if lesions are cutaneous and singular. While rare, JXGs may manifest as multiple and extracutaneous lesions. Further screening and referral to specialists may be warranted in these cases based on age and extent of involvement.

CONCLUSION

Our review demonstrates common presentations of single, multiple, and extracutaneous lesions in addition to those that occur with NF1 and JMML. We suggest patients be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by a dermatologist and referred to specialists as appropriate.

Segmental juvenile xanthogranuloma

A 5-month-old boy had erythematous nodules over the left side of his trunk with a segmental arrangement since birth. Histopathologic examination revealed sheets of foamy histiocytes infiltrating the dermis and subcutaneous fat, admixed with multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, making this an unusual case of juvenile xanthogranuloma appearing in a segmental distribution.

Agminated cellular neurothekeoma

Cellular neurothekeoma represents a benign, slow-growing neoplasm that typically occurs as a solitary lesion on the face, neck or arm. Reports of multiple lesions are rare. To our knowledge, multiple lesions occurring as eruptive clusters localized to a single anatomical site has not been previously reported. This report details a case of an agminated cellular neurothekeoma occurring on the nose of a 28-year-old man. Recognition of multiple localized eruptive lesions of cellular neurothekeoma is important in order to facilitate correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary treatment.