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Dev A, Malhi K, Mahajan R. Ectodermal Dysplasia - An Overview and Update. Indian Dermatol Online J 2024; 15:405-414. [PMID: 38845644 PMCID: PMC11152464 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_599_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal structures like hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands. Alhough they were earlier classified according to the structures affected and hence the clinical manifestations, recent developments inch towards a genetic basis for classification. They are currently divided into four groups of disorders based on the pathway involved, which includes the ectodysplasin/nuclear factor-kappa B (NFKB) pathway, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10 ([wingless related integration site] WNT10), tumor protein p63 (TP63), and the structural group. In spite of attempts at the segregation of the various disorders, there is a great degree of overlap in clinical features among the conditions, which makes a thorough history-taking and clinical examination important in helping us arrive at a diagnosis and judge the various systems involved. A multidisciplinary approach forms the crux of the management of patients with ectodermal dysplasias and their families, with a focus on education, counseling, prosthesis, and an overall rehabilitative outlook. Special attention must also be paid to screening family members for varying severities of the disorders, and an attempt must be made at a genetic diagnosis with genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Dev
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kittu Malhi
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Mahajan
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Jones ME, Dupuy E, Luu M. Alopecia, nail dystrophy, and palmoplantar keratoderma in a 7-year-old girl. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1327-1328. [PMID: 34750880 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Jones
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Minnelly Luu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Ahmed A, Almohanna H, Griggs J, Tosti A. Genetic Hair Disorders: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:421-448. [PMID: 31332722 PMCID: PMC6704196 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss in early childhood represents a broad differential diagnosis which can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for a physician. It is important to consider the diagnosis of a genetic hair disorder. Genetic hair disorders are a large group of inherited disorders, many of which are rare. Genetic hair abnormalities in children can be an isolated phenomenon or part of genetic syndromes. Hair changes may be a significant finding or even the initial presentation of a syndrome giving a clue to the diagnosis, such as Netherton syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Detailed history including family history and physical examination of hair and other ectodermal structures such as nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands with the use of dermoscopic devices and biopsy all provide important clues to establish the correct diagnosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of genetic hair defects will allow for better comprehension of their treatment and prognosis. For example, in patients with an isolated hair defect, the main problem is aesthetic. In contrast, when the hair defect is associated with a syndrome, the prognosis will depend mainly on the associated condition. Treatment of many genetic hair disorders is focused on treating the primary cause and minimizing trauma to the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hind Almohanna
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob Griggs
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Deo K, Sharma YK, Shah B, Kothari P, Chavan D, Sitaniya S, Gupta A. Improvement in the Quality of Life of a Patient of Ectodermal Dysplasia with Reconstructive Surgeries. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2019; 12:244-247. [PMID: 32001971 PMCID: PMC6967165 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_17_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a complex group of heterogenous, heritable disorders entailing two or more developmental abnormalities in ectodermal structures, such as hair, teeth, nails, and/or sweat glands. The most common subtype of these disorders is X-linked hypohidrotic that significantly impairs the quality of life of its sufferers. A 15-year-old boy, who sought the treatment for protuberant lips, saddle nose, dental anomalies, fine sparse hair, decreased sweating, intolerance to heat and photosensitivity, experienced dramatic improvement in his quality of life and confidence with aesthetic correction comprising autologous fat grafting, rhinoplasty, lip reduction, microblading and comprehensive prosthodontic and orthodontic treatments undertaken in collaboration with dental and plastic surgery departments and expert psychological counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Deo
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yugal K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavika Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preeti Kothari
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanraj Chavan
- Department of Dermatology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sakshi Sitaniya
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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5
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Lu Y, Zhang R, Wang Z, Zhou S, Song Y, Chen L, Chen N, Liu W, Ji C, Wu W, Zhang L. Mechanistic effect of the human GJB6 gene and its mutations in HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7560. [PMID: 30043857 PMCID: PMC6065815 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We constructed lentiviral vectors containing the human wild-type GJB6 gene and the mutant variants A88V and G11R. The three proteins were stably expressed by the Tet-on system in the HaCaT cell line and used to study the functional effect of the variants. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometric analyses were used to determine the levels of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot analyses were performed to analyze the relevant clinical indicators of hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and markers of apoptosis in transfected HaCaT cells. The CCK8 assay and the flow cytometry results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the apoptosis of HaCaT cells expressing the A88V and G11R mutants. In addition, we demonstrated that the A88V and G11R mutants induced the apoptosis of transfected HaCaT cells via the activation of caspase-3, -8, -9, and PARA. No change was observed in the activity of BAX compared with the control. This study provides further clarification on the mechanisms underlying the effect of the mutant variants A88V and G11R of the GJB6 gene on the induction of HaCaT cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhua Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yali Song
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lamei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenmin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Canan Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wangli Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ranugha PSS, Betkerur J. Antihypertensives in dermatology Part I - Uses of antihypertensives in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:6-15. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_991_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rossi A, Miraglia E, Fortuna M, Calvieri S, Giustini S. Topical cetirizine and oral vitamin D: a valid treatment for hypotrichosis caused by ectodermal dysplasia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:367-370. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rossi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - E. Miraglia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - M.C. Fortuna
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - S. Calvieri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - S. Giustini
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; “Sapienza” University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Kinoshita‐Ise M, Kubo A, Sasaki T, Umegaki‐Arao N, Amagai M, Ohyama M. Identification of factors contributing to phenotypic divergence via quantitative image analyses of autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis with homozygous c.736T>A
LIPH
mutation. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:138-144. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kinoshita‐Ise
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Department of Dermatology Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - A. Kubo
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Sasaki
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- KOSÉ Endowed Program for Skin Care and Allergy Prevention Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Umegaki‐Arao
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Amagai
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Department of Dermatology Kyorin University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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Mitsukawa N, Omori N, Tominaga M, Akita S, Kubota Y, Kuriyama M, Satoh K. Tissue expansion for correction of alopecia in a child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. J Dermatol 2016; 43:1382-1384. [PMID: 27177435 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Naoko Omori
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mai Tominaga
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Akita
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motone Kuriyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kaneshige Satoh
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Andrade ACDVD, Vieira DC, Harris OMO, Pithon MM. Clouston syndrome associated with eccrine syringofibroadenoma. An Bras Dermatol 2014. [PMID: 24937830 PMCID: PMC4056714 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccrine syringofibroadenoma is a rare benign neoplasia derived from acrosyryngium
cells of the eccrine sudoriferous glands. It affects the extremities of elderly
individuals as solitary tumors, or may also present as multiple lesions. There
are controversies about the pathogenesis and differentiation of the tumor.
Eccrine syringofibroadenoma has been associated with subjacent conditions, such
as for example, hypohidrotic ectodermic dysplasias. The authors describe a case
report of a patient with Clouston Syndrome, who presented papules and nodules in
extremities, clinically and histologically compatible with eccrine
syringofibroadenoma. There are only three cases described in the literature,
associated with Clouston Syndrome, and this is the fourth case.
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11
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Andrade ACDVD, Vieira DC, Harris OMO, Pithon MM. Clouston syndrome associated with eccrine syringofibroadenoma. An Bras Dermatol 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Avshalumova L, Fabrikant J, Koriakos A. Overview of skin diseases linked to connexin gene mutations. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:192-205. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Fabrikant
- Texas Division; Department of Dermatology; Larkin Community Hospital; Miami FL USA
| | - Angie Koriakos
- Department of Dermatology; University of North Texas Health Science Center/Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine; Houston TX USA
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13
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Topical minoxidil treatment for congenital alopecia in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:e139-e140. [PMID: 23522427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A James
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, USA.
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