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Zhang B, Zhou W, Liu Q, Huang C, Hu Z, Zheng M, Xin Y, Zhao M, Lu Q. Effects of fecal microbiota transplant on DNA methylation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103047. [PMID: 37179169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ damage accompanied by the over-production of autoantibodies. Decreased intestinal flora diversity and disruption of homeostasis have been proven to be associated with pathogenesis of SLE. In previous study, a clinical trial was conducted to verify the safety and effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of SLE. To explore the mechanism of FMT in the treatment of SLE, we included 14 SLE patients participating in clinical trials, including 8 in responders group (Rs) and 6 in non-responders group (NRs), and collected peripheral blood DNA and serum. We found that the serum of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), methylation group donor, was upregulated after FMT, accompanied by an increase in genome-wide DNA methylation level in Rs. We further showed that the methylation levels in promoter regions of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), induced Helicase C Domain Containing Protein 1 (IFIH1), endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex 8 (EMC8), and Tripartite motif-containing protein 58 (TRIM58) increased after FMT treatment. On the contrary, there was no significant change in the methylation of IFIH1 promoter region in the NRs after FMT, and the methylation level of IFIH1 in the Rs was significantly higher than that in the NRs at week 0. We included 850 K methylation chip sequencing, combining previous data of metagenomic sequencing, and metabolomic sequencing for multi-omics analysis to discuss the relationship between flora-metabolite-methylation in FMT. Finally, we found that hexanoic acid treatment can up-regulate the global methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in SLE patients. Overall, our results delineate changes in methylation level after FMT treatment of SLE and reveal possible mechanisms of FMT treatment in terms of the recovery of abnormal hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Cancan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Ehtesham N, Habibi Kavashkohie MR, Mazhari SA, Azhdari S, Ranjbar H, Mosallaei M, Hazrati E, Behroozi J. DNA methylation alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review of case-control studies. Lupus 2023; 32:363-379. [PMID: 36573333 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221148099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, the diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are contingent upon clinical manifestations and serological markers. However, researchers are struggling to find biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity. DNA methylation has been the most studied epigenetic feature in SLE. So, in this study, we performed a systematic review of studies about DNA methylation alterations in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. METHODS By searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to July 2022, all case-control studies in which DNA methylation of specific genes was assessed by a non-high-throughput technique and passed the quality of bias assessment were included. RESULTS In total, 44 eligible studies underwent a data extraction process. In all, 3471 SLE patients and 1028 healthy individuals were included. Among the studies that reported the patients' gender (n = 2853), 89.41% were female and 10.59% were male. Forty studies have been conducted on adult patients. The number of works on fractionated and unfractionated blood cells was almost equal. In this regard, 22 studies were conducted on whole blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells and two studies on unfractionated white blood cells. Sorted blood cells were biological sources in 20 studies. The most investigated gene was IFI44L. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic power of methylation levels were only reported for IFI44L in five studies. The most employed methylation profiling method was bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between methylation patterns and clinical parameters was explored in 22 studies, which of them 16 publications displayed a remarkable association between DNA methylation status and clinical indices. CONCLUSIONS The methylation status of some genes especially IFI44L, FOXP3, and MX1 has been suggested as promising SLE biomarkers. However, given the conflicting findings between studies because of potential confounders such as different sample types, methylation profiling methods, and ethnicity as well as shared DNA methylation patterns of SLE and other autoimmune diseases, DNA methylation biomarkers are currently not reliable diagnostic biomarkers and do not represent surrogate markers of SLE disease activity. Future investigations on a larger scale with the discarding of limitations of previous studies would probably lead to a consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 162996AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Amirhossein Mazhari
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, 217747Azerbaijan Medical University (AMU), Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, 394237Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Hamta Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Student Research Committee, 48533University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, 48455Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, 162996AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Genetics and Advanced Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 162996AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, 162996AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Saini A, Varshney A, Saini A, Mani I. Insight into epigenetics and human diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:1-21. [PMID: 37019588 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The most eminent research of the 21st century whirls around the epigenetic and the variability of DNA sequences in humans. The reciprocity between the epigenetic changes and the exogenous factors drives an influence on the inheritance biology and gene expression both inter-generationally and trans-generationally. Chromatin level modifications like DNA methylation, histone modifications or changes in transcripts functions either at transcription level or translational level pave the way for certain diseases or cancer in humans. The ability of epigenetics to explain the processes of various diseases has been demonstrated by recent epigenetic studies. Multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies were developed in order to analyse how epigenetic elements interact with different disease pathways. In this chapter we summarize how an organism may be predisposed to certain diseases by exposure to environmental variables such as chemicals, medications, stress, or infections during particular, vulnerable phases of life, and the epigenetic component may influence some of the diseases in humans.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Activate the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway and Enhance DNA Methylation via DNMT1 in PBMC from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4174082. [PMID: 33282947 PMCID: PMC7685810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4174082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The defective MEK/ERK signaling pathway and downstream hypomethylation pattern of lymphocytes are crucial for the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the role that the mesenchymal stem cells play in the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and DNA methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SLE patients remains unknown. In this study, we found that the MEK/ERK signaling pathway of PBMC from SLE patients was activated after the coculture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) compared with that from the control group. In addition, the expression level of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) increased while the levels of CD70, integrin, alpha L (ITGAL), selectin-l, and IL-13 were reduced in PBMC from SLE patients. However, no obvious effect of BM-MSC on PBMC from healthy controls was observed. These findings revealed that BM-MSC might downregulate the expression of methylation-sensitive genes and then suppress the autoactivated PBMC via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. And it may be one of the mechanisms that BM-MSC ameliorated SLE.
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5
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The status of FOXP3 gene methylation in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:332-338. [PMID: 32475613 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused by interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. One of the important epigenetic factors in SLE would be methylation of immune-related genes, such as FOXP3, which plays a role in activating the regulation and also the function of T cells. To date, the relationship between levels of serum bio-markers and the susceptibility to lupus in children has not been well-understood. In this study, the involvement of etiologic factors, such as methylation of FOXP3 gene, was investigated in children with SLE. METHOD Twenty-four female children with SLE and 25 female healthy subjects without any history of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases were included in this study. Blood samples were obtained and DNA was extracted from the blood cells. The bisulphite method was used to convert the DNA using the MethylEdge™ Bisulfite Conversion System Kit. Then, methylation of the gene was investigated using Real Time methylation specific PCR. RESULTS The FOXP3 DNA methylation in patients and healthy subjects was significantly different. While the median unmethylated DNA in patients was 0.57±0.43, it was 0.97±0.83 in healthy subjects (P=0.012). The Demethylation Index in patients was 0.007±0.003, significantly lower than in controls (0.014±0.013; P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS The FOXP3 gene methylation in children with SLE was significantly higher than healthy subjects, which could possibly affect the level of gene expression. Therefore, one of the causes of increased immune response in SLE can be the lower expression of FOXP3 by hypermethylation of this gene.
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6
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Zaimi I, Pei D, Koestler DC, Marsit CJ, De Vivo I, Tworoger SS, Shields AE, Kelsey KT, Michaud DS. Variation in DNA methylation of human blood over a 1-year period using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array. Epigenetics 2018; 13:1056-1071. [PMID: 30270718 PMCID: PMC6342169 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1530008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing DNA methylation profiles in human blood has become a major focus of epidemiologic inquiry. Understanding variability in CpG-specific DNA methylation over moderate periods of time is a critical first step in identifying CpG sites that are candidates for DNA methylation-based etiologic, diagnostic and prognostic predictors of pathogenesis. Using the Illumina MethylationEPIC [850K] BeadArray, DNA methylation was profiled in paired whole blood samples collected approximately 1 year apart from 35 healthy women enrolled in the Nurses Study II cohort. The median intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) across all CpG loci was 0.19 [Interquartile Range (IQR) 0.00-0.50]; 74.8% of ICCs were in the low range (0-0.5), 16.9% in the mid-range of ICCs (0.5-0.8), and 8.3% in the high-range of ICCs (0.8-1). ICCs were similar for CpG probes on the 450K Illumina array (median 0.17) and the new probes added to the 850K array (median 0.21). ICCs for CpG loci on the sex chromosomes and known metastable epialleles were high (median 0.71, 0.97, respectively), and ICCs among methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) CpGs were significantly higher as compared to non-mQTL CpGs (median 0.73, 0.16, respectively, P < 2 × 10-16). We observed wide variation in DNA methylation stability over a 1-year period. Probes considered non-stable, due to substantial variation over a moderate period of time and with minimal variability across individuals could be removed in large epidemiological studies. Moreover, adjusting for technical variation that arises from using high-dimensional arrays is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Zaimi
- a Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine , Tufts University , Boston , USA
| | - Dong Pei
- b Department of Biostatistics , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , USA
- c University of Kansas Cancer Center , The University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- b Department of Biostatistics , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , USA
- c University of Kansas Cancer Center , The University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- d Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- e Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- f Department of Cancer Epidemiology , Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa , USA
- g Department of Epidemiology , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- h Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
- k Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- i Department of Epidemiology , Brown University , Providence , USA
- j Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Brown University , Providence , USA
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- a Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine , Tufts University , Boston , USA
- i Department of Epidemiology , Brown University , Providence , USA
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7
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The Involvement of MicroRNAs in Modulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4126106. [PMID: 29854836 PMCID: PMC5964414 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4126106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), represent a family of RNA molecules that do not translate into protein. Nevertheless, they have the ability to regulate gene expression and play an essential role in immune cell differentiation and function. MicroRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in various tissues, and changes in their expression have been associated with several pathological processes. Yet, their roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) remain to be elucidated. Both SLE and LN are characterized by a complex dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immunity. Recently, significant findings have been made in understanding SLE through the use of genetic variant identification and expression pattern analysis and mouse models, as well as epigenetic analyses. Abnormalities in immune cell responses, cytokine and chemokine production, cell activation, and apoptosis have been linked to a unique expression pattern of a number of miRNAs that have been implicated in the immune pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. The recent evidence that significantly increased the understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE drives a renewed interest in efficient therapy targets. This review aims at providing an overview of the current state of research on the expression and role of miRNAs in the immune pathogenesis of SLE and LN.
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Yang C, Ye J, Liu Y, Ding J, Liu H, Gao X, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Huang W, Fang F, Ling Y. Methylation pattern variation between goats and rats during the onset of puberty. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:793-800. [PMID: 29577480 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is initiated by increased pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. Epigenetic repression is thought to play a crucial role in the initiation of puberty, although the existence of analogous changes in methylation patterns across species is unclear. We analysed mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and methyl-binding proteins (MBPs) in goats and rats by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). DNA methylation profiles of hypothalamic were determined at the pre-pubertal and pubertal stages by bisulphite sequencing. In this study, expression of DNMTs and MBPs mRNA showed different patterns in goats and rats. Global methylation variation was low in goats and rats, and the profile remained stable during puberty. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the involvement of 62 pathways in puberty in goats and rats including reproduction, type I diabetes mellitus and GnRH signalling pathways and found that Edn3, PTPRN2 and GRID1 showed different methylation patterns during puberty in goats and rats and similar variation patterns for Edn3 and PTPRN2 were showed. These indicated that Edn3 and PTPRN2 would play a role in the timing of puberty. This study provides evidence of the epigenetic control of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Ye
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X Gao
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W Huang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - F Fang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Ling
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resources Protection and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Laboratory for Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Animal Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Sun B, Cheng L, Xiong Y, Hu L, Luo Z, Zhou M, Li J, Xie H, He F, Yuan X, Chen X, Zhou HH, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhang W. PSORS1C1 Hypomethylation Is Associated with Allopurinol-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions during Disease Onset Period: A Multicenter Retrospective Case-Control Clinical Study in Han Chinese. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:923. [PMID: 29387007 PMCID: PMC5776094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN), are life-threatening autoimmune reactions. Evidence is growing that epigenetic variation, particularly DNA methylation, is associated with autoimmune diseases. However, the potential role of aberrant DNA methylation in allopurinol-SCARs is largely unknown. Objective: To address the knowledge gap between allopurinol-SCARs and DNA methylation, we studied the DNA methylation profiles in peripheral blood cells from allopurinol-SCARs and allopurinol-tolerant subjects. Methods: A genome-scale DNA methylation profiling was conducted using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 (HM450) platform on 15 patients with allopurinol-SCARs (3 TEN, 2 SJS/TEN overlap and 10 SJS) and 20 age- and gender-matched allopurinol-tolerant controls at disease onset. Pyrosequencing was used to validate the candidate CpG (cytosine-guanine dinucleotide) sites in an independent cohort of 40 allopurinol-SCARs and 48 allopurinol-tolerants. Results: After bioinformatics analysis of methylation data obtained from HM450 BeadChip, we identified 41 differentially methylated CpG loci (P < 0.05) annotated to 26 genes showing altered DNA methylation between allopurinol-SCARs and allopurinol-tolerants. Among these genes, significant hypomethylation of PSORS1C1 (cg24926791) was further validated in a larger sample cohort, showing significant difference between DRESS and controls (P = 0.00127), ST (SJS and TEN) and controls (P = 3.75 × 10−13), and SCARs and controls (P = 5.93 × 10−15). Conclusions: Our data identified differentially methylated genes between allopurinol-SCARs and allopurinol-tolerant controls and showed that PSORS1C1 hypomethylation was associated with allopurinol-SCARs (OR = 30.22, 95%CI = 4.73–192.96) during disease onset, suggesting that aberrant DNA methylation may be a mechanism of allopurinol-SCARs. Limitations: Firstly, the data come from whole blood samples known to possess epigenetic heterogeneity, i. e., blood samples comprise a heterogeneous cell population with varying proportions of distinct cell-types with different DNA methylation patterns. Consequently, the interpretation of DNA methylation results should be performed with great caution due to the heterogeneous nature of the sample. Secondly, whether the identified disease-associated changes of epigenome precede disease onset, or result from the disease progression, needs further investigation. Comparing the methylation status before patients develop allopurinol-SCARs and after may help examine methylation levels from disease onset to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Eyeis Visual Science Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Maosong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fazhong He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kim Y, Shim SC. Wolves Trapped in the NETs–The Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2018.25.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kim
- Division of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Veterans Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Foma AM, Aslani S, Karami J, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Epigenetic involvement in etiopathogenesis and implications in treatment of systemic lupus erythematous. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:1057-1073. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Nawrocki MJ, Majewski D, Puszczewicz M, Jagodziński PP. Decreased mRNA expression levels of DNA methyltransferases type 1 and 3A in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2017; 37:775-783. [PMID: 28349196 PMCID: PMC5397457 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against nuclear antigens and by chronic inflammation. Although the etiology of SLE remains unclear, the influence of environment factors, which is largely reflected by the epigenetic mechanisms, with DNA methylation changes in particular, is generally considered as main players in the pathogenesis of SLE. We studied DNA methyltransferases' (DNMTs) type 1, 3A and 3B transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and from the healthy control subjects. Furthermore, the association of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B mRNA levels with gender, age, and major clinical manifestations was analyzed. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 32 SLE patients and 40 healthy controls. Reverse transcription and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses were used to determine DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B mRNA expression levels. RESULTS Significantly lower DNMT1 (p = 0.015543) and DNMT3A (p = 0.003652) transcript levels in SLE patients were observed compared with healthy controls. Nevertheless, the DNMT3B mRNA expression levels were markedly lower compared with DNMT1 and DNMT3A, both in PBMCs from affected patients and those from control subjects. Furthermore, the DNMT1 transcript levels were positively correlated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (r s = 0.4087, p = 0.020224), while the DNMT3A transcript levels were negatively correlated with patients age (r s = -0.3765, p = 0.03369). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses confirmed the importance of epigenetic alterations in SLE etiology. Moreover, our results suggest that the presence of some clinical manifestations, such as phototosensitivity and arthritis, might be associated with the dysregulation of DNA methyltransferases' mRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dominik Majewski
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Science, 135/147 28 Czerwca 1956 r. St., 61-545, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Puszczewicz
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Science, 135/147 28 Czerwca 1956 r. St., 61-545, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego St., 60-781, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Balada E, Felip L, Ordi-Ros J, Vilardell-Tarrés M. DUSP23 is over-expressed and linked to the expression of DNMTs in CD4 + T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:242-250. [PMID: 27737517 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the transcriptional expression of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 23 (DUSP23) in CD4+ T cells from 30 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 30 healthy controls. DUSP23 mRNA levels were considerably higher in the patient group: 1490 ± 1713 versus 294·1 ± 204·2. No association was found between DUSP23 mRNA expression and the presence of typical serological and clinical parameters associated with SLE. Meaningful statistical values were obtained in the patient group between the levels of DUSP23 and integrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL), perforin 1 (PRF1) and CD40L. Similarly, transcript levels of different DNA methylation-related enzymes [DNA methylation-related enzymes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MBD2, and MBD4)] were also correlated positively with the expression of DUSP23. In an attempt to counteract the hypomethylation status of the promoters of certain genes known to be over-expressed in SLE, it is possible that DUSP23 acts as a negative regulatory mechanism which ultimately silences the transcription of these epigenetically regulated genes by triggering an increase in the expression of different DNMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Balada
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Felip
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ordi-Ros
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Vilardell-Tarrés
- Research Unit in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Microarray to deep sequencing: transcriptome and miRNA profiling to elucidate molecular pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Res 2016; 64:14-24. [PMID: 26188428 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations and autoantibody repertoires. The etiology of SLE is multifactorial involving genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. This complexity leads to poor prognosis, which poses major challenges in the treatment of SLE. Understanding the complex genetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms operative in SLE was feasible by utilizing several highly efficient molecular biological tools during the past few years. In this perspective, DNA microarray technology offered a high-throughput platform in unraveling SLE-associated genes. Additionally, extensive microarray analysis had demonstrated aberrant DNA methylation pattern and differential microRNAs, thus contributing to the knowledge of epigenetic modulators and posttranscriptional regulatory machinery in SLE. It was through the aid of these technologies that interferon signature was identified as an important contributor in SLE pathogenesis along with dysregulation of cytokine-, chemokine- and apoptosis-related genes. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies such as RNA sequencing has added new dimensions in understanding the dynamics of the disease processes. Compared with microarrays, deep sequencing has provided higher resolution in gene expression measurement along with identification of different splicing events, noncoding RNAs and novel loci in SLE. The focus, therefore, has now been shifted toward the identification of novel gene loci and their isoforms, and their implication in disease pathogenesis. This advancement in the technology from microarray to deep sequencing has helped in deciphering the molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of SLE and opens new avenues to develop novel treatment strategies for SLE.
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15
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Zhan Y, Guo Y, Lu Q. Aberrant Epigenetic Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Implication in Precision Medicine. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 149:141-155. [PMID: 27607472 DOI: 10.1159/000448793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the last decades in understanding the complex immune dysregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet the efforts to pursue an effective treatment of SLE proved to be futile. The pathoetiology of SLE involves extremely complicated and multifactorial interaction among various genetic and epigenetic factors. Multiple gene loci predispose to disease susceptibility, and the interaction with epigenetic modifications mediated through sex, hormones, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis complicates susceptibility and manifestations of this disease. Finally, certain environmental and psychological factors probably trigger the disease via epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent epigenetic studies of SLE and suggest a personalized approach to the dissection of disease onset and therapy or precision medicine. We speculate that in the future, precision medicine based on epigenetic and genetic information could help guide more effective targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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16
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Epigenomics of autoimmune diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 93:271-6. [PMID: 25776989 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex disorders of largely unknown etiology. Genetic studies have identified a limited number of causal genes from a marginal number of individuals, and demonstrated a high degree of discordance in monozygotic twins. Studies have begun to reveal epigenetic contributions to these diseases, primarily through the study of DNA methylation, but chromatin and non-coding RNA changes are also emerging. Moving forward an integrative analysis of genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data, with the latter two coming from specific cell types, will provide an understanding that has been missed from genetics alone. We provide an overview of the current state of the field and vision for deriving the epigenomics of autoimmunity.
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17
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Konsta OD, Le Dantec C, Charras A, Cornec D, Kapsogeorgou EK, Tzioufas AG, Pers JO, Renaudineau Y. Defective DNA methylation in salivary gland epithelial acini from patients with Sjögren's syndrome is associated with SSB gene expression, anti-SSB/LA detection, and lymphocyte infiltration. J Autoimmun 2015; 68:30-8. [PMID: 26725749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is complex, in part due to DNA methylation abnormalities. This study was undertaken to evaluate the importance of global DNA methylation ((5m)C) as determined in minor salivary glands (MSG) from well characterized pSS patients. Twenty-two pSS patients and ten controls were selected, and MSG were stained with anti-(5m)C, anti-(5m)C/anti-cytokeratin (KRT)19, or with anti-SSB/La antibodies (Ab). The DNA methylation status at the SSB gene promoter P1 and P1' was evaluated by methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes (MSRE) coupled with PCR. The effect of the DNA demethylating drug 5 azacytidine (5-Aza) was tested in the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line. In pSS, the reduction of global DNA methylation ((5m)C) was associated with lymphocyte infiltration, the emergence of (5m)C(low) and KRT19(high) acini, and the detection of circulating anti-SSB/La Ab, but not with disease activity (ESSDAI). Next, treating HSG cells with 5-Aza was effective in inducing SSB expression. Finally in pSS patients positive for anti-SSB/La Ab, we further observed DNA demethylation at the SSB gene promoter P1 with consequent SSB overexpression at both the transcriptional and protein levels in salivary gland epithelial cells. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology of pSS and to the emergence of anti-SSB/La Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Konsta
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest, France; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Greece
| | - C Le Dantec
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest, France
| | - A Charras
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest, France
| | - D Cornec
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest, France
| | - E K Kapsogeorgou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Greece
| | - A G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Greece
| | - J O Pers
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Y Renaudineau
- INSERM ESPRI, ERI29/EA2216, SFR ScInBioS, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy Graft Oncology", Innovative Medicines Initiative PRECISESADS, Réseau épigénétique et réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropole Grand Ouest, European University of Brittany, Brest, France; Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan, Brest, France.
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Shi L, Zhang Z, Song L, Leung YT, Petri MA, Sullivan KE. Monocyte enhancers are highly altered in systemic lupus erythematosus. Epigenomics 2015; 7:921-35. [PMID: 26442457 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histone modifications set transcriptional competency and can perpetuate pathologic expression patterns. We defined systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-specific changes in H3K4me3 and K3K27me3, histone marks of gene activation and repression, respectively. METHODS We used ChIP-seq to define histone modifications in monocytes from SLE patients and controls. RESULTS Both promoters and enhancers exhibited significant changes in histone methylation in SLE. Regions with differential H3K4me3 in SLE were significantly enriched in potential interferon-related transcription factor binding sites and pioneer transcription factor sites. CONCLUSION Enhancer activation defines the character of the cell and our data support extensive disease effects in monocytes, a particularly plastic lineage. Type I interferons not only drive altered gene expression but may also alter the character of the cell through chromatin modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shi
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 1910, USA
| | - Li Song
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yiu Tak Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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de Andres MC, Perez-Pampin E, Calaza M, Santaclara FJ, Ortea I, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A. Assessment of global DNA methylation in peripheral blood cell subpopulations of early rheumatoid arthritis before and after methotrexate. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:233. [PMID: 26330155 PMCID: PMC4556005 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression that has been insufficiently studied in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, as only T cells and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with established RA have been studied and with conflicting results. METHOD Five major blood cell subpopulations: T, B and NK cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, were isolated from 19 early RA patients and 17 healthy controls. Patient samples were taken before and 1 month after the start of treatment with methotrexate (MTX). Analysis included DNA methylation with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS-SRM) and expression levels of seven methylation-specific enzymes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)-naïve early RA patients showed global DNA hypomethylation in T cells and monocytes, together with a lower expression of DNA methyltrasnferase 1 (DNMT1), the maintenance DNA methyltransferase, which was also decreased in B cells. Furthermore, significantly increased expression of ten-eleven translocation1 (TET1), TET2 and TET3, enzymes involved in demethylation, was found in monocytes and of TET2 in T cells. There was also modest decreased expression of DNMT3A in B cells and of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45A (GADD45A) in T and B cells. Treatment with MTX reverted hypomethylation in T cells and monocytes, which were no longer different from controls, and increased global methylation in B cells. In addition, DNMT1 and DNMT3A showed a trend to reversion of their decreased expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm global DNA hypomethylation in patients with RA with specificity for some blood cell subpopulations and their reversal with methotrexate treatment. These changes are accompanied by parallel changes in the levels of enzymes involved in methylation, suggesting the possibility of regulation at this level.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C de Andres
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Eva Perez-Pampin
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Calaza
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Santaclara
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan J Gomez-Reino
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Travesia de Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Matatiele P, Tikly M, Tarr G, Gulumian M. DNA methylation similarities in genes of black South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:34. [PMID: 25986394 PMCID: PMC4437745 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are systemic autoimmune connective tissue diseases that share overlapping clinico-pathological features. It is highly probable that there is an overlap in epigenetic landscapes of both diseases. This study aimed to identify similarities in DNA methylation changes in genes involved in SLE and SSc. Global DNA methylation and twelve genes selected on the basis of their involvement in inflammation, autoimmunity and/or fibrosis were analyzed using PCR arrays in three groups, each of 30 Black South Africans with SLE and SSc, plus 40 healthy control subjects. Results Global methylation in both diseases was significantly lower (<25 %) than in healthy subjects (>30 %, p = 0.0000001). In comparison to healthy controls, a similar gene-specific methylation pattern was observed in both SLE and SSc. Three genes, namely; PRF1, ITGAL and FOXP3 were consistently hypermethylated while CDKN2A and CD70 were hypomethylated in both diseases. The other genes (SOCS1, CTGF, THY1, CXCR4, MT1-G, FLI1, and DNMT1) were generally hypomethylated in SLE whereas they were neither hyper- nor hypo-methylated in SSc. Conclusions SSc and SLE patients have a higher global hypomethylation than healthy subjects with specific genes being hypomethylated and others hypermethylated. The majority of genes studied were hypomethylated in SLE compared to SSc. In addition to the commonly known hypomethylated genes in SLE and SSc, there are other hypomethylated genes (such as MT-1G and THY-1) that have not previously been investigated in SLE and SSc though are known to be hypermethylated in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puleng Matatiele
- Toxicology & Biochemistry Research Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Mohamed Tikly
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Gareth Tarr
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Toxicology & Biochemistry Research Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Division of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Epigenetics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: potential clinical application. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:79-90. [PMID: 25218424 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The current treatments of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been based on the use of immunosuppressive drugs which are linked to serious side effects. The more effective therapeutic approaches with minimal or no side effects for SLE patients are hard to develop, mainly due to the complexity of the disease. The discovery of pharmacoepigenetics provides a new way to solve this problem. Epigenetic modifications can influence drug efficacy by altering gene expression via changing chromatin structure. Although still in early development, epigenetic studies in SLE are expected to reveal novel therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers in autoimmunity. For example, miRNAs, which have been identified to govern many genes including drug targets, are altered in disease development and after drug administration. This review aims to present an overview of current epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and discuss their potential roles in clinical and pharmacological applications.
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Yan S, Yim LY, Lu L, Lau CS, Chan VSF. MicroRNA Regulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis. Immune Netw 2014; 14:138-48. [PMID: 24999310 PMCID: PMC4079820 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.3.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules best known for their function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Immunologically, miRNA regulates the differentiation and function of immune cells and its malfunction contributes to the development of various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Over the last decade, accumulating researches provide evidence for the connection between dysregulated miRNA network and autoimmunity. Interruption of miRNA biogenesis machinery contributes to the abnormal T and B cell development and particularly a reduced suppressive function of regulatory T cells, leading to systemic autoimmune diseases. Additionally, multiple factors under autoimmune conditions interfere with miRNA generation via key miRNA processing enzymes, thus further skewing the miRNA expression profile. Indeed, several independent miRNA profiling studies reported significant differences between SLE patients and healthy controls. Despite the lack of a consistent expression pattern on individual dysregulated miRNAs in SLE among these studies, the aberrant expression of distinct groups of miRNAs causes overlapping functional outcomes including perturbed type I interferon signalling cascade, DNA hypomethylation and hyperactivation of T and B cells. The impact of specific miRNA-mediated regulation on function of major immune cells in lupus is also discussed. Although research on the clinical application of miRNAs is still immature, through an integrated approach with advances in next generation sequencing, novel tools in bioinformatics database analysis and new in vitro and in vivo models for functional evaluation, the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of miRNAs may bring to fruition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lok Yan Yim
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chak Sing Lau
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vera Sau-Fong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Piotrowski P, Grobelna MK, Wudarski M, Olesińska M, Jagodziński PP. Genetic variants of DNMT3A and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:96-9. [PMID: 24716599 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.902296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A significant increase in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) transcript levels has recently been demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients as compared to healthy individuals. METHODS Employing high resolution melting curve analysis (HRM) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, we assessed the frequency of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene: rs2289195, rs7590760, rs13401241, rs749131 and rs1550117, situated in different linkage disequilibrium blocks of the DNMT3A gene in two hundred and fifty seven women with SLE and six hundred and twenty five controls. RESULTS The lowest p values of the trend test were observed for the DNMT3A -448A> G (rs1550117) SNP (ptrend = 0.0111). We also found that, in a dominant inheritance model, the DNMT3A -448A> G SNP may protect from SLE development [odds ratio (OR) = 0.494 (0.294-0.830), p = 0.0068, pcorr = 0.034]. Furthermore, we observed that the DNMT3A -448A > G SNP in dominant inheritance models may protect from immunologic manifestations of SLE [OR = 0.1753 (95% CI = 0.04976-0.6176, p = 0.0026, pcorr = 0.0468). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the DNMT3A -448A> G SNP might protect from SLE and its immunologic manifestations in a sample from the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Piotrowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Abstract
Rheumatic disease is a large spectrum of heterogeneous conditions affecting the loco-motor system including joints, muscles, connective tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones. Many rheumatic diseases have an element of autoimmunity including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression is emerging as a major factor within rheumatic disease, and indicates potential new therapeutic avenues of approach to these debilitating conditions. Understanding the precise role of epigenetics in the development and treatment of rheumatic diseases particularly those which have an associated autoimmune element may be important for the long-term management of such conditions.
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Miao CG, Yang JT, Yang YY, Du CL, Huang C, Huang Y, Zhang L, Lv XW, Jin Y, Li J. Critical role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: new advances and future challenges. Lupus 2014; 23:730-42. [PMID: 24644011 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314527365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic multi-organ autoimmune disease with different immunological characteristics and clinical manifestations characterized by an autoantibody response to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens; the etiology of this disease remains largely unknown. Most recent genome-wide association studies demonstrate that genetics significantly predispose to SLE onset, but the incomplete disease concordance rates between monozygotic twins indicates a role for other complementary factors in SLE pathogenesis. Recently, much evidence strongly supports other molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression ultimately causing autoimmune disease, and several studies, both in clinical settings and experimental models, have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications may hold the key to a better understanding of SLE initiation and development. DNA methylation changes the structure of chromatin, being typically able to modulate the fine interactions between promoter-transcription factors and encoding genes within the transcription machinery. Alteration in DNA methylation has been confirmed as a major epigenetic mechanism that may potentially cause a breakdown of immune tolerance and perpetuation of SLE. Based on recent findings, DNA methylation treatments already being used in oncology may soon prove beneficial to patients with SLE. We herein discuss what we currently know, and what we expect in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-G Miao
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - J-T Yang
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Y-Y Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - C-L Du
- School of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - C Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X-W Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - J Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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27
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Weemaes CMR, van Tol MJD, Wang J, van Ostaijen-ten Dam MM, van Eggermond MCJA, Thijssen PE, Aytekin C, Brunetti-Pierri N, van der Burg M, Graham Davies E, Ferster A, Furthner D, Gimelli G, Gennery A, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Meyn S, Powell C, Reisli I, Schuetz C, Schulz A, Shugar A, van den Elsen PJ, van der Maarel SM. Heterogeneous clinical presentation in ICF syndrome: correlation with underlying gene defects. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:1219-25. [PMID: 23486536 PMCID: PMC3798845 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency with centromeric instability and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency, predominantly characterized by agammaglobulinemia or hypoimmunoglobulinemia, centromere instability and facial anomalies. Mutations in two genes have been discovered to cause ICF syndrome: DNMT3B and ZBTB24. To characterize the clinical features of this syndrome, as well as genotype-phenotype correlations, we compared clinical and genetic data of 44 ICF patients. Of them, 23 had mutations in DNMT3B (ICF1), 13 patients had mutations in ZBTB24 (ICF2), whereas for 8 patients, the gene defect has not yet been identified (ICFX). While at first sight these patients share the same immunological, morphological and epigenetic hallmarks of the disease, systematic evaluation of all reported informative cases shows that: (1) the humoral immunodeficiency is generally more pronounced in ICF1 patients, (2) B- and T-cell compartments are both involved in ICF1 and ICF2, (3) ICF2 patients have a significantly higher incidence of intellectual disability and (4) congenital malformations can be observed in some ICF1 and ICF2 cases. It is expected that these observations on prevalence and clinical presentation will facilitate mutation-screening strategies and help in diagnostic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corry MR Weemaes
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten JD van Tol
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marja CJA van Eggermond
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter E Thijssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caner Aytekin
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Research and Educational Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Graham Davies
- Centre for Immunodeficiency, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alina Ferster
- Department of Pediatrics, Haemato-Oncology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Giorgio Gimelli
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica, Instituto G Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andy Gennery
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Kloeckener-Gruissem
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Meyn
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Shugar
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Feng D, Barnes BJ. Bioinformatics analysis of the factors controlling type I IFN gene expression in autoimmune disease and virus-induced immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:291. [PMID: 24065968 PMCID: PMC3776951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) display increased levels of type I interferon (IFN)-induced genes. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are natural interferon producing cells and considered to be a primary source of IFN-α in these two diseases. Differential expression patterns of type I IFN-inducible transcripts can be found in different immune cell subsets and in patients with both active and inactive autoimmune disease. A type I IFN gene signature generally consists of three groups of IFN-induced genes – those regulated in response to virus-induced type I IFN, those regulated by the IFN-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway, and those by the IFN-induced phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) pathway. These three groups of type I IFN-regulated genes control important cellular processes such as apoptosis, survival, adhesion, and chemotaxis, that when dysregulated, contribute to autoimmunity. With the recent generation of large datasets in the public domain from next-generation sequencing and DNA microarray experiments, one can perform detailed analyses of cell-type specific gene signatures as well as identify distinct transcription factors (TFs) that differentially regulate these gene signatures. We have performed bioinformatics analysis of data in the public domain and experimental data from our lab to gain insight into the regulation of type I IFN gene expression. We have found that the genetic landscape of the IFNA and IFNB genes are occupied by TFs, such as insulators CTCF and cohesin, that negatively regulate transcription, as well as interferon regulatory factor (IRF)5 and IRF7, that positively and distinctly regulate IFNA subtypes. A detailed understanding of the factors controlling type I IFN gene transcription will significantly aid in the identification and development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the IFN pathway in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences , Newark, NJ , USA ; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School-Cancer Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey , Newark, NJ , USA
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Wu Z, Li X, Qin H, Zhu X, Xu J, Shi W. Ultraviolet B enhances DNA hypomethylation of CD4+ T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus via inhibiting DNMT1 catalytic activity. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Sheng W, Qian Y, Wang H, Ma X, Zhang P, Chen L, Ma D, Huang G. Association between mRNA levels of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MBD2 and LINE-1 methylation status in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:694-702. [PMID: 23820632 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is catalyzed and maintained by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs: DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B) and methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2). However, little is known about the biological and clinical significance of the expression changes of DNMTs and MBD2 and their association with the methylation levels of long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). In this study, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to analyze the mRNA levels of DNMTs and MBD2. The methylation status of LINE-1 was measured using the sequenom MassARRAY platform. The mRNA levels of the DNMTs and MBD2 showed a statistically significant decrease in the patients with TOF (P<0.001). The results also showed that patients with TOF had significantly lower global DNA methylation levels with a median of 61.50% [interquartile range (IQR), 59.78-63.77] compared with 63.54% (IQR, 62.49‑64.88) among the controls (P=0.0099). In the controls, only DNMT1 showed a significant positive correlation with the DNMT3A mRNA levels (r=0.718, P=0.002). Of note, the DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and MBD2 mRNA levels positively correlated with each other; this was statistically significant (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation with the global DNA methylation status was observed only for MBD2 (r=-0.579, P=0.005) in patients with TOF. In conclusion, lower LINE-1 methylation levels significantly correlate with aberrant MBD2 mRNA levels. The lower expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3B may play an important role in the pathogenesis of TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sheng
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China
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31
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Koestler DC, Christensen B, Karagas MR, Marsit CJ, Langevin SM, Kelsey KT, Wiencke JK, Houseman EA. Blood-based profiles of DNA methylation predict the underlying distribution of cell types: a validation analysis. Epigenetics 2013; 8:816-26. [PMID: 23903776 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential influence of underlying differences in relative leukocyte distributions in studies involving blood-based profiling of DNA methylation is well recognized and has prompted development of a set of statistical methods for inferring changes in the distribution of white blood cells using DNA methylation signatures. However, the extent to which this methodology can accurately predict cell-type proportions based on blood-derived DNA methylation data in a large-scale epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) has yet to be examined. We used publicly available data deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number GSE37008), which consisted of both blood-derived epigenome-wide DNA methylation data assayed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray and complete blood cell (CBC) counts among a community cohort of 94 non-diseased individuals. Constrained projection (CP) was used to obtain predictions of the proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes for each of the study samples based on their DNA methylation signatures. Our findings demonstrated high consistency between the average CBC-derived and predicted percentage of monocytes and lymphocytes (17.9% and 17.6% for monocytes and 82.1% and 81.4% for lymphocytes), with root mean squared error (rMSE) of 5% and 6%, for monocytes and lymphocytes, respectively. Similarly, there was moderate-high correlation between the CP-predicted and CBC-derived percentages of monocytes and lymphocytes (0.60 and 0.61, respectively), and these results were robust to the number of leukocyte differentially methylated regions (L-DMRs) used for CP prediction. These results serve as further validation of the CP approach and highlight the promise of this technique for EWAS where DNA methylation is profiled using whole-blood genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin C Koestler
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College; Lebanon, NH USA
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Gray SG. Perspectives on epigenetic-based immune intervention for rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:207. [PMID: 23510070 PMCID: PMC3672716 DOI: 10.1186/ar4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic disease can loosely be described as any painful condition affecting the loco-motor system, including joints, muscles, connective tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones. There is a wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases, many of which involve autoimmunity, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. A significant body of evidence now links aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression with rheumatic disease and points toward the use of epigenetic targeting agents as potential new treatment options, particularly for those conditions associated with an autoimmune element. In this perspective, I will briefly cover the current knowledge surrounding this area in the field of rheumatology.
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Wiley KL, Treadwell E, Manigaba K, Word B, Lyn-Cook BD. Ethnic differences in DNA methyltransferases expression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:342-8. [PMID: 23054340 PMCID: PMC3573322 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with both genetic and epigenetic etiologies. Evidence suggests that deregulation of specific genes through epigenetic mechanisms may be a contributing factor to SLE pathology. There is increasing evidence that DNA methyltransferase activity may be involved. This study demonstrated modulation in expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) according to ethnicity in patients diagnosed with SLE. Furthermore, differential expression in one of the DNMTs was found in a subset of lupus patients on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) therapy. METHODS Real-time PCR analyses of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a cohort of African American and European American lupus and non-lupus women were conducted. Also, global DNA methylation was assessed using the MethylFlash(TM) methylated quantification colorimetric assay. RESULTS Significant increase in DNMT3A (p < 0.001) was shown in lupus patients when compared to age-matched healthy controls. This increase was associated with a higher SLEDI index. More striking was that expression levels for African American (AA) women were higher than European American women in the lupus populations. A subset of AA women on DHEA therapy showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in DNMT3A expression in comparison to lupus patients not on the therapy. DHEA is an androgenic steroid found in low levels in the serum of lupus patients. Supplementation of this hormone has been shown to be beneficial to some lupus patients. DHEA was not shown to effect DNMT1 or DNMT3B expression. Increased expression was also noted in DNMT3B (p < 0.05) in lupus patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. However, no significant difference was noted in DNMT1 (p = 0.2148) expression between lupus patients and healthy controls. Although increases were detected in de novo methyltransferases, a global decrease (p < 0.001) in 5-methycytosine was observed in lupus patients when compared to age-matched healthy controls. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that epigenetic changes may play a critical role in the manifestations of the disease observed among ethnic groups, particularly African American women who often have a higher incidence of lupus. DHEA therapy effects on DNMT3A expression in AA women warrant further investigation in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L. Wiley
- FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | | | - Kayihura Manigaba
- FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Beverly Word
- FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Beverly D. Lyn-Cook
- FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
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MicroRNA-29b contributes to DNA hypomethylation of CD4+ T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus by indirectly targeting DNA methyltransferase 1. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 69:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Associations between the expression of epigenetically regulated genes and the expression of DNMTs and MBDs in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45897. [PMID: 23029299 PMCID: PMC3448686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We determined the expression of ITGAL, PRF1, KIR2DL4, CD70, and CD40LG in patients with SLE and performed correlations with the global DNA methylation status and the levels of three DNA methylation enzymes and two methyl CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins. PATIENTS AND METHODS CD4(+) T cells were isolated from 35 SLE patients and 30 healthy controls. DNA deoxymethylcytosine content was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transcript levels of ITGAL, PRF1, KIR2DL4, CD70, CD40LG, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MBD2, and MBD4 were quantified by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS SLE patients had significantly elevated transcript levels of ITGAL (18.61±22.17 vs. 7.33±9.17, p = 0.042), PRF1 (21.67±26.34 vs. 10.67±11.65, p = 0.039), and CD70 (1.45±1.63 vs. 0.67±0.28, p = 0.011). A positive correlation was observed between transcript levels of CD40LG and ITGAL (r = 0.477, p = 0.004) as well as between CD40LG and PRF1 (r = 0.557, p = 0.001). Transcript levels of KIR2DL4 were higher than controls' but it did not reach statistical significance (1.36±3.52 vs. 0.22±0.79, p = 0.560). A tight relationship with global DNA hypomethylation as well as with the expression of most of the DNA methylation-related genes was observed, especially for ITGAL, PRF1, and CD40LG. CONCLUSIONS ITGAL, PRF1, and CD70 are overexpressed in SLE CD4(+) T cells. The tight association of CD40LG with ITGAL and PRF1 leads us to infer that it probably contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. The apparent simultaneous regulation between their expression and the global DNA hypomethylation as well as with the transcription of many DNA methylation-related enzymes, reinforces the idea that epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for the deregulation of ITGAL, PRF1, and CD40LG.
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Pesmatzoglou M, Lourou M, Goulielmos GN, Stiakaki E. DNA methyltransferase 3B gene promoter and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist polymorphisms in childhood immune thrombocytopenia. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:352059. [PMID: 23049596 PMCID: PMC3461273 DOI: 10.1155/2012/352059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is one of the most common blood diseases as well as the commonest acquired bleeding disorder in childhood. Although the etiology of ITP is unclear, in the pathogenesis of the disease, both environmental and genetic factors including polymorphisms of TNF-a, IL-10, and IL-4 genes have been suggested to be involved. In this study, we investigated the rs2424913 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (C46359T) in DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) gene promoter and the VNTR polymorphism of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) intron-2 in 32 children (17 boys) with the diagnosis of ITP and 64 healthy individuals. No significant differences were found in the genotype distribution of DNMT3B polymorphism between the children with ITP and the control group, whereas the frequency of allele T appeared significantly increased in children with ITP (P = 0.03, OR = 2, 95% CI: 1.06-3.94). In case of IL-1 Ra polymorphism, children with ITP had a significantly higher frequency of genotype I/II, compared to control group (P = 0.043, OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.02-6.50). Moreover, genotype I/I as well as allele I was overrepresented in the control group, suggesting that allele I may have a decreased risk for development of ITP. Our findings suggest that rs2424913 DNMT3B SNP as well as IL-1 Ra VNTR polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility to ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pesmatzoglou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marilena Lourou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George N. Goulielmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eftichia Stiakaki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Byun HM, Nordio F, Coull BA, Tarantini L, Hou L, Bonzini M, Apostoli P, Bertazzi PA, Baccarelli A. Temporal stability of epigenetic markers: sequence characteristics and predictors of short-term DNA methylation variations. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39220. [PMID: 22745719 PMCID: PMC3379987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that has been increasingly investigated in observational human studies, particularly on blood leukocyte DNA. Characterizing the degree and determinants of DNA methylation stability can provide critical information for the design and conduction of human epigenetic studies. Methods We measured DNA methylation in 12 gene-promoter regions (APC, p16, p53, RASSF1A, CDH13, eNOS, ET-1, IFNγ, IL-6, TNFα, iNOS, and hTERT) and 2 of non-long terminal repeat elements, i.e., L1 and Alu in blood samples obtained from 63 healthy individuals at baseline (Day 1) and after three days (Day 4). DNA methylation was measured by bisulfite-PCR-Pyrosequencing. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to measure the within-individual stability of DNA methylation between Day 1 and 4, subtracted of pyrosequencing error and adjusted for multiple covariates. Results Methylation markers showed different temporal behaviors ranging from high (IL-6, ICC = 0.89) to low stability (APC, ICC = 0.08) between Day 1 and 4. Multiple sequence and marker characteristics were associated with the degree of variation. Density of CpG dinucleotides nearby the sequence analyzed (measured as CpG(o/e) or G+C content within ±200bp) was positively associated with DNA methylation stability. The 3′ proximity to repeat elements and range of DNA methylation on Day 1 were also positively associated with methylation stability. An inverted U-shaped correlation was observed between mean DNA methylation on Day 1 and stability. Conclusions The degree of short-term DNA methylation stability is marker-dependent and associated with sequence characteristics and methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Min Byun
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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38
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The effect of methylation on the hydrogen-bonding and stacking interaction of nucleic acid bases. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wen Z, Xu L, Xu W, Xiong S. Production of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in activated lymphocyte derived DNA induced lupus model was dependent on CD4+ T cells. Lupus 2012; 21:508-16. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203311434940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that activated lymphocyte derived DNA (ALD-DNA) could function as an autoantigen to induce production of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Here we carefully evaluated the potential role of T cells in the induction of anti-dsDNA antibody. We demonstrated that ALD-DNA could effectively induce production of anti-dsDNA antibodies in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, ALD-DNA could not induce the generation of anti-dsDNA antibodies in nude mice. We further showed that in vivo depletion of CD3+ T cells blocked the induction of anti-dsDNA antibodies in BALB/c mice. Notably, we demonstrated that CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells conferred ALD-DNA to induce anti-dsDNA antibodies. Finally, we demonstrated that adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells could rescue ALD-DNA induced anti-dsDNA antibodies in nude mice. Our results suggested that T helper cells were required for ALD-DNA to induce anti-dsDNA antibodies. These findings could further our understanding about the immunogenic properties of DNA and throw new light on SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wen
- Institute for Immunobiology and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xu
- Institute for Immunobiology and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Xu
- Institute for Immunobiology and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Xiong
- Institute for Immunobiology and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
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Yang B, Zhu X, Liang J, Chen X, Ding Q, Wan Y, Xu J. Aberrant expression of MBD genes in CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2011; 21:111-3. [PMID: 21993382 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311422714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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