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Skorochod R, Nesher R, Nesher G, Gronovich Y. Ophthalmic adverse events following facial injections of botulinum toxin A: A systemic literature review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2409-2413. [PMID: 34097809 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, botulinum toxin has found its place as a neuromuscular blocking agent in numerous medical fields. Since the approval of botulinum toxin by the FDA for cosmetic indications in 2002, it had become the most commonly performed esthetic procedure worldwide, with ever-growing demand. The characteristics of the toxin, along with the facial areas it is injected to, could possibly account for a wide array of complication. METHODS The authors conducted a literature search for reported cases of ophthalmic adverse events following Botulinum toxin facial injections in the electronic databases of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS The authors found 25 publications, reporting 49 cases of ophthalmic adverse events following botulinum toxin injections. Injections for cosmetic indications accounted for 51% of all injections, treatment of blepharospasms for 22% of cases, protective ptosis for 11% of cases, and treatment of hemifacial spams for 8% of cases. The average quantity of botulinum toxin injected to a single patient ranged between 1.25 and 75 units, with a median of 13.75 units.Majority of injections for cosmetic indications were performed to the lateral canthal area (56%), followed by the glabella (28%) and the forehead (20%).Adverse events following injections included diplopia (64%), ptosis (14%), and decrease in visual acuity or vision loss (8%). CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin is gaining extreme popularity in the management of a wide area of diseases and for cosmetic indications. Proper knowledge of potential adverse events is crucial for the clinician in attempt to decrease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Skorochod
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Nesher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Gideon Nesher
- Department of Internal Medicine A and the Rheumatology Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Gronovich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Background: With the flourishing application of botulinum toxin cosmetically and therapeutically is the emergence of iatrogenic botulism, a new type of botulism in addition to the traditional ones. Objectives: We aim at a comprehensive review of the clinical characteristics of iatrogenic botulism. Methods: The available publications are retrieved and studied. Results: Botulinum toxin blocks cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia. The blockade can spread from the site of tissue injection to adjacent or sometimes far off structures, resulting in inadvertent disabling or even lethal effects. On literature review, weakness and dysphagia are the commonest complications of iatrogenic botulism, whereas ophthalmological and oropharyngeal symptoms are more prevalent in the cosmetic group and dyspnea in the therapeutic group. Antitoxin therapy is required in about 20% of the patients. Diagnosis of iatrogenic botulism is primarily clinical and should not be confused with the neurological diagnoses possessing similar clinical manifestations. Vigilance to the drug formulation, dosage, and administration during botulinum toxin injection are part of the preventive measures in minimizing the occurrence of iatrogenic botulism. Conclusion: While overlapping with the traditional types of botulism, iatrogenic botulism carries its unique clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Tat Fung
- Accident & Emergency Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Man Chan
- Accident & Emergency Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
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Bai L, Peng X, Liu Y, Sun Y, Wang X, Wang X, Lin G, Zhang P, Wan K, Qiu Z. Clinical analysis of 86 botulism cases caused by cosmetic injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT). Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10659. [PMID: 30142749 PMCID: PMC6112997 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics of and treatment strategies for botulism among patients receiving cosmetic injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT).A total of 86 botulism patients caused by cosmetic injection of BoNT were enrolled in our study. All of the patients were diagnosed according to their history of cosmetic BoNT injection, clinical symptoms and signs, and other auxiliary examinations (including those on renal and liver functions, blood index detection, and chest X-ray). All of the patients received comprehensive treatments and botulinum antitoxin serum injection.The main symptoms of botulism patients included headache, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, blurred vision, eye opening difficulty, slurred speech, dysphagia, bucking, constipation, and anxiety. These clinical symptoms occurred 0∼36 days after BoNT injection, especially from 2nd to 6th day after the operation. Furthermore, the usage dose of BoNT was negatively related to latent period. Finally, patients all discharged from our hospital 1∼20 days after treatments, and their symptoms relieved or disappeared.Botulism is a severe side effect for BoNT injection. Injecting botulinum antitoxin serum may be an effective approach to improve clinical outcomes of botulism cases.
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Mendoza FJ, Toribio RE, Perez-Ecija A. Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [PMCID: PMC7125788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are scarcely reported in donkeys, probably linked to their limited athletic attitude and low frequency of poor performance-related examinations. Reports on treatments for cardiovascular pathologies are anecdotal in donkeys. Respiratory tract anatomy shows important differences between horses and donkeys. Donkeys and mules can act as reservoirs spreading many viral, bacterial, and parasitic infectious respiratory diseases. Mosquito and tick-borne encephalitis have been reported in these species in the later years, and even donkeys are being used as sentinels in some areas to detect these emerging diseases. Management and treatment of lithiases can be transferable from horses; however, the same assumption must still be demonstrated for acute and chronic renal diseases. Ocular pathologies are similar to horses, with corneal ulcers frequently observed. Lameness is a common problem in donkeys, with laminitis as the most reported cause followed by pedal abscess. Donkeys are different to horses. Numerous physiological and clinicopathologic idiosyncrasies are reported in horses. Data published for horses should not be extrapolated for donkeys. Specific reference ranges, doses, and protocols have to be used for donkeys.
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Giordano CN, Matarasso SL, Ozog DM. Injectable and topical neurotoxins in dermatology: Basic science, anatomy, and therapeutic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:1013-1024. [PMID: 28522038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin is a potentially deadly anaerobic bacterial toxin that acts by inhibiting release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting contraction of the exposed striated muscle. There are currently 4 botulinum toxin preparations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): onabotulinumtoxin, abobotulinumtoxin, incobotulinumtoxin and rimabotulinumtoxin. While significant overlap exists, each product has unique properties and specifications, including dosing, diffusion, and storage. Extensive physician knowledge of facial anatomy, coupled with key differences of the various neurotoxin types, is essential for safe and successful treatments. The first article in this continuing medical education series reviews key characteristics of each neurotoxin, including new and upcoming agents, and provides an anatomic overview of the most commonly injected cosmetic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth L Matarasso
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Ozog
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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Giordano CN, Matarasso SL, Ozog DM. Injectable and topical neurotoxins in dermatology: Indications, adverse events, and controversies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 76:1027-1042. [PMID: 28522039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of neuromodulators for therapeutic and cosmetic indications has proven to be remarkably safe. While aesthetic and functional adverse events are uncommon, each anatomic region has its own set of risks of which the physician and patient must be aware before treatment. The therapeutic usages of botulinum toxins now include multiple specialties and multiple indications. New aesthetic indications have also developed, and there has been an increased utilization of combination therapies to combat the effects of global aging. In the second article in this continuing medical education series, we review the prevention and treatment of adverse events, therapeutic and novel aesthetic indications, controversies, and a brief overview of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth L Matarasso
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Ozog
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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Discussion. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140:18e-19e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Shimodo T, Chikamori N, Usuki S, Kanai Y, Endo T, Katsumata KI, Terashima C, Ikekita M, Fujishima A, Suzuki T, Sakai H, Nakata K. Sporicidal performance induced by photocatalytic production of organic peroxide under visible light irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33715. [PMID: 27666195 PMCID: PMC5036025 DOI: 10.1038/srep33715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria that cause serious food poisoning are known to sporulate under conditions of nutrient and water shortage. The resulting spores have much greater resistance to common sterilization methods, such as heating at 100 °C and exposure to various chemical agents. Because such bacteria cannot be inactivated with typical alcohol disinfectants, peroxyacetic acid (PAA) often is used, but PAA is a harmful agent that can seriously damage human health. Furthermore, concentrated hydrogen peroxide, which is also dangerous, must be used to prepare PAA. Thus, the development of a facile and safe sporicidal disinfectant is strongly required. In this study, we have developed an innovative sporicidal disinfection method that employs the combination of an aqueous ethanol solution, visible light irradiation, and a photocatalyst. We successfully produced a sporicidal disinfectant one hundred times as effective as commercially available PAA, while also resolving the hazards and odor problems associated with PAA. The method presented here can potentially be used as a replacement for the general disinfectants employed in the food and health industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yamaguchi
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Takahito Shimodo
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Chikamori
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Sho Usuki
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanai
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Katsumata
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Chiaki Terashima
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ikekita
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Akira Fujishima
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Tomonori Suzuki
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakata
- Photocatalysis International Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
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Parish LC, Lavery MJ, Grzybowski A, Parish JL, Parish DH. Bibliography of secondary sources on the history of dermatology: Journal articles in English. Clin Dermatol 2016; 34:667-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Matsuoka MW, da Rocha SMS, Suzuki L, Barnewitz JP, Imamura R, de Oliveira LAN. Ultrasound guided injection of botulinum toxin into the salivary glands of children with neurological disorders. Radiol Bras 2016; 49:131-2. [PMID: 27141142 PMCID: PMC4851490 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Wang Matsuoka
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lisa Suzuki
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Barnewitz
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Imamura
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kucukkaya D, Irkoren S, Ozkan S, Sivrioglu N. The Effects of Botulinum Toxin A on the Wound and Skin Graft Contraction. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:1908-11. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000000941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Goessaert ASOM, Everaert KCMM. Onabotulinum toxin A for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 12:763-75. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ko SH, Shin YB, Min JH, Shin MJ, Chang JH, Shin YI, Ko HY. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of drooling in tetraplegic patients with brain injury. Ann Rehabil Med 2013; 37:796-803. [PMID: 24466514 PMCID: PMC3895519 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2013.37.6.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection into the salivary gland and to evaluate the changes of drooling in varied postures in tetraplegic patients with brain injury. Methods Eight tetraplegic patients with brain injury were enrolled. BTA was injected into each parotid and submandibular gland of both sides under ultrasonographic guidance. Drooling was measured by a questionnaire-based scoring system for drooling severity and frequency, and the sialorrhea was measured by a modified Schirmer test for the patients before the injection, 3 weeks and 3 months after the injection. Drooling was evaluated in each posture, such as supine, sitting, and tilt table standing, and during involuntary mastication, before and after the injection. Results The severity and frequency of drooling and the modified Schirmer test improved significantly at 3 weeks and 3 months after the injection (p<0.05). Drooling was more severe and frequent in tilt table standing than in the sitting position and in sitting versus supine position (p<0.05). The severity of drooling was significantly increased in the patients with involuntary mastication (p<0.05). Conclusion Salivary gland injection of BTA in patients with tetraplegia resulting from brain injury who had drooling and sialorrhea could improve the symptoms for 3 months without complications. The severity and frequency of drooling were dependent on posture and involuntary mastication. Proper posture and involuntary mastication of the patients should be taken into account in planning drooling treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Hong Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeok Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Yoon Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Al Hamdan EM, Algheryafi AM, Al-Ghareeb FJ, Ashri NY. Knowledge and attitude of dentists towards the use of botulinum toxin and dermal fillers in dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J COSMET LASER THER 2013; 15:46-54. [PMID: 23368690 DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2012.758377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Botulinum toxin (BTX) and dermal fillers (DFs) are considered as quick and effective non-surgical solutions for enhancing facial appearance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate dentists' knowledge and attitude towards using Botulinum toxin and DFs in dental treatment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS Five hundred questionnaires were distributed in Riyadh city to government and private sectors to determine awareness and attitude towards using Botulinum toxin and DFs in dental clinics for therapeutic and aesthetics uses. RESULTS Botulinum toxin: A total of 1.2% is practising it. Only 34.8% could recognise its composition. Use of Botulinum toxin in wrinkle reduction was the most reported (73.7%). A total of 81.1% believed that Botulinum toxin has side effects; allergic reaction was the most reported (57.5%). A total of 47.8% reported that higher doses are more toxic, and that males need higher doses than females (10.2%). Dermal fillers: A total of 0.9% is practising it. The most reported type (47.8%) was Fat transfer. Filling of wrinkles was the most reported use (57.8%). A total of 69% believed that DFs has side effects; allergic reaction was the most reported (53.4%). Attitude: A total of 37.8% would like to practise Botulinum toxin/DFs, mostly for aesthetic dental reason. However, 60.2% rejected the idea, mainly due to lack of knowledge and experience (44%). CONCLUSION Limited knowledge regarding Botulinum toxin and dermal fillers is found among dentists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Al Hamdan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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