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Zacharopoulou A, Tsiogka A, Tsimpidakis A, Lamia A, Koumaki D, Gregoriou S. Tinea Incognito: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3267. [PMID: 38892976 PMCID: PMC11172699 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinea incognito is a dermatophyte infection with atypical features, due to the use of topical or systemic steroids or other immunosuppressive medications. Delayed diagnosis, spread of the infection to critical body surfaces, resistance to antifungal drugs, and increased costs due to prolonged hospitalization and multiple treatment regimens often complicate tinea incognito. It can affect individuals of all ages and genders, but it is more common in children. Atypical clinical appearance often necessitates differentiation from other diseases such as eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, or other non-fungal skin conditions. The treatment of tinea incognito usually involves discontinuation of topical steroids or other immunosuppressive medications. Preventive measures and management of the underlying fungal infection are necessary and can be achieved with antifungal drugs. Patients should wear loose cotton clothes, use boiling water for laundry, and iron their clothing before wearing them. Additionally, they should avoid sharing bed linens, towels, clothes, and shoes. This review aims to raise awareness of tinea incognito among health practitioners, provide tips for detecting the disorder, include it in the differentials, and evaluate the available diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Zacharopoulou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (A.T.); (A.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Aikaterini Tsiogka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (A.T.); (A.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Antonios Tsimpidakis
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (A.T.); (A.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Androniki Lamia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (A.T.); (A.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Dimitra Koumaki
- Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 16121 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (A.T.); (A.L.); (S.G.)
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Kokandi AA. Tinea Incognito. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:993-998. [PMID: 38737948 PMCID: PMC11086394 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s465942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Tinea incognito (TI), or incognita, are superficial fungal dermatophyte infections that are changed in shape, most frequently because of topical, systemic steroids use and other immunosuppressants. There are different clinical presentations depending on host factors and the species of dermatophyte causing the disorder. Diagnosis can be challenging and might need combined methods. Once diagnosed the treatment is the usual antifungals, either topical or systemic or combined depending on the site, extent, and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Atallah Kokandi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Belmokhtar Z, Djaroud S, Matmour D, Merad Y. Atypical and Unpredictable Superficial Mycosis Presentations: A Narrative Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:295. [PMID: 38667966 PMCID: PMC11051100 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While typically exhibiting characteristic features, fungal infections can sometimes present in an unusual context, having improbable localization (eyelid, face, or joint); mimicking other skin diseases such as eczema, psoriasis, or mycosis fungoides; and appearing with unexpected color, shape, or distribution. The emergence of such a challenging clinical picture is attributed to the complex interplay of host characteristics (hygiene and aging population), environment (climate change), advances in medical procedures, and agent factors (fungal resistance and species emergence). We aim to provide a better understanding of unusual epidemiological contexts and atypical manifestations of fungal superficial diseases, knowing that there is no pre-established clinical guide for these conditions. Thus, a literature examination was performed to provide a comprehensive analysis on rare and atypical superficial mycosis as well as an update on certain fungal clinical manifestations and their significance. The research and standard data extraction were performed using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE databases, and a total of 222 articles were identified. This review covers published research findings for the past six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoubir Belmokhtar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Djilali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Valorization (LP2VM), University of Science and Technology of Oran, Mohamed Boudiaf (USTOMB), Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Samira Djaroud
- Department of Chemistry, Djilali Liabes University of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Derouicha Matmour
- Central Laboratory, Djilali Liabes University of Medicine of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Yassine Merad
- Central Laboratory, Djilali Liabes University of Medicine of Sidi-Bel-Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
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Bagra JK, Nair SS, Athira V, Suman Kumar M, Kumar M, Thomas P, Kumar B, Chaturvedi VK, Dandapat P, Abhishek. In vitro virulotyping, antifungal susceptibility testing and DNA fingerprinting of Microsporum canis strains of canine and feline origin. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102100. [PMID: 38043450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Microsporum canis is considered the common dermatophyte agent associated with ringworm in felines and canines. In the present study, we sampled n = 548 felines and canines for the probable isolation of M. canis. The rate of isolation from the cats and dogs was 70.27 % (52/74) and 1.68 % (8/474), respectively and Persian cats were found to be highly susceptible to M. canis infection. The strains were evaluated for their production of phospholipase, lipase, catalase, and hemolysis and their ability to grow at 35 ℃. All the strains were identified as low producers of catalase and n = 17 strains exhibited high thermotolerance ability. Terbinafine was found to be the most effective antifungal drug and fluconazole was the least effective, in vitro. AFLP analysis revealed three genotypes of M. canis with 15 sub-clusters showing ≥ 90 % similarity and 7 sub-clusters exhibiting 100 % similarity. However, the phenotypic characters cannot be attributed based on the AFLP profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Bagra
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Athira
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Suman Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Premanshu Dandapat
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tinea Incognito—A Great Physician Pitfall. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030312. [PMID: 35330314 PMCID: PMC8951265 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinea incognito is a dermatophyte infection exacerbated after inadequate administration of topical or systemic glucocorticoids. A 57-year-old man presented to the Department of Dermatology due to skin lesions persisting for one month. He reported having recently worked under hot conditions, in tight clothing, which caused sweating. Later, he noticed erythematous–exfoliative lesions in his groins and on the buttocks. He presented to the general practitioner who diagnosed him with eczema and prescribed clobetasole ointment. Since the skin lesions became more severe, he presented to the Department of Dermatology. On the physical examination, extensive erythematous–infiltrative lesions were observed in the area of medial, lateral, and posterior surface of both thighs and buttocks. Pustules were also present. Suspicion of tinea incognito was raised, and direct mycological examination and culture confirmed the presence of dermatophytes. The patient was prescribed topical terbinafine and oral itraconazole. Tinea incognito may be challenging to diagnose because the clinical presentation is relatively nonspecific and definitive culture or histopathological diagnosis such as by microscopic sample examination to identify fungal elements is not universally available. Every doctor has to keep in mind the fact that tinea may be a great mimicker of other dermatoses and to not prescribe medications without microscopic confirmation of tinea, and refer patients for dermatological consultation in case of doubt.
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Zhang C, Chen H. A case of blepharitis caused by Trichophyton rubrum. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:395-396. [PMID: 35219550 PMCID: PMC9133244 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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State-of-the-Art Dermatophyte Infections: Epidemiology Aspects, Pathophysiology, and Resistance Mechanisms. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080629. [PMID: 34436168 PMCID: PMC8401872 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of fungal infections is not widely appreciated. Although these infections are responsible for over one million deaths annually, it is estimated that one billion people are affected by severe fungal diseases. Mycoses of nails and skin, primarily caused by fungi known as dermatophytes, are the most common fungal infections. Trichophyton rubrum appears to be the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale. An estimated 25% of the world’s population suffers from dermatomycosis. Although these infections are not lethal, they compromise the quality of life of infected patients. The outcome of antidermatophytic treatments is impaired by various conditions, such as resistance and tolerance of certain dermatophyte strains. The adage “know your enemy” must be the focus of fungal research. There is an urgent need to increase awareness about the significance of these infections with precise epidemiological data and to improve knowledge regarding fungal biology and pathogenesis, with an emphasis on adaptive mechanisms to tackle adverse conditions from host counteractions. This review outlines the current knowledge about dermatophyte infections, with a focus on signaling pathways required for fungal infection establishment and a broad perspective on cellular and molecular factors involved in antifungal resistance and tolerance.
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Froidefond M, Dudouet P, Ranque S, Cassir N. Tinea incognito: Primum non nocere. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:597-598. [PMID: 33212257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Ranque
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Nadim Cassir
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.
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Đorđević Betetto L, Žgavec B, Bergant Suhodolčan A. Psoriasis-like tinea incognita: a case report and literature review. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kansal NK. Tinea Pseudoimbricata: A Striking "Ring-Within-a-Ring" Form of Corticosteroid-Modified Dermatophytosis. Indian Dermatol Online J 2019; 10:354-355. [PMID: 31149598 PMCID: PMC6536065 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_169_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Kansal
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Tchernev G, Terziev I. Bullous Tinea Incognito in a Bulgarian Child: First Description in the Medical Literature! Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 29531608 PMCID: PMC5839452 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time in the world medical literature, we describe a rare form of cutaneous dermatophytosis – a bullous form of Tinea incognito, classified by clinical picture, histopathological findings and an isolated infectious agent from the microbiological culture. After a thorough review of Medline/PubMed’s relevant literature, we could not find similar cases of patients with Tinea incognito who are clinically presented with bullous lesions at the same time. Local application of corticosteroids in infants with unknown lesions may lead to progression of the underlying disease and may cause some serious problems in differential diagnosis aspect, while the clinical expression remains completely masked. Exactly for this reason, right at the beginning of the clinical complaints, a skin biopsy should be obligatorily performed in parallel with microbiological swabs. If there is no improvement after the local corticosteroid application, then diagnosis revision and change of the strategy of clinical behaviour would be appropriate to be done. The systemic treatment that we performed with Fluconazole 50 mg in combination with the local antimycotic agent for a 2-week period led to complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Tchernev
- Medical Institute of Ministry of Interior (MVR), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Onkoderma, Policlinic for Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Terziev
- University Hospital Tsaritsa Yoana, Common and Clinical Pathology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Chiriac A, Brzezinski P, Podoleanu C, Stolnicu S. Tinea Incognito — Incorrect Initial Diagnosis. Case Series Presentation with Emphasis on the Mycological Examination. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTinea incognito defines a modified clinical aspect of a tinea following an immunosuppressive therapy, mostly with potent topical steroids. Its diagnosis may be delayed by its delusive appearance, especially in small children and young adults. We present a series of 2 cases of Tinea incognito developed at different ages and incorrectly diagnosed initially, where the clinical diagnosis was followed by mycological examination and positive therapeutic test with antifungal medication, helping to avoid unnecessary laboratory investigations and to prevent further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Chiriac
- Nicolina Medical Center, Department of Dermatology , Iași , Romania
- Apollonia University , Iași , Romania
- P. Poni Research Institute, Romanian Academy , Iași , Romania
| | - Piotr Brzezinski
- Department of Dermatology , 6thMilitary Support Unit, Ustka , Poland
| | - Cristian Podoleanu
- Department of Internal Medicine , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
| | - Simona Stolnicu
- Department of Pathology , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
- Histopat Laboratory , Tîrgu Mureș , Romania
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Gracia-Cazaña T, Milagro A, Rezusta A, Gilaberte Y. A 7-year-old boy with pustules on the upper eyelid. Pediatr Dermatol 2017; 34:711-712. [PMID: 29144038 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Milagro
- Microbiology Service, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health: Refractory Trichophyton rubrum Infections in Turin, Italy: A Problem Still Present. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 26566648 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cutaneous fungal infection in industrialized countries and worldwide with high recurrence and lack of treatment response. In addition, patients with cutaneous and concurrent toenail lesions are often misdiagnosed and therefore treated with an inappropriate therapy. In this study, we evaluated five previously misdiagnosed cases of T.rubrum chronic dermatophytosis sustained by two variants at sites distant from the primary lesion. Our patients were successfully treated by systemic and topical therapy, and 1 year after the end of therapy follow-up did not show any recurrence of infection.Our data indicate that the localization of all lesions, the isolation and the identification of the causative fungus are essential to establish the diagnosis and the setting of a correct therapeutic treatment to avoid recurrences.
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Wang MZ, Guo R, Lehman JS. Correlation between histopathologic features and likelihood of identifying superficial dermatophytosis with periodic acid Schiff-diastase staining: a cohort study. J Cutan Pathol 2016; 44:152-157. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Department of Dermatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA,
| | - Julia S. Lehman
- Department of Dermatology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA,
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN USA
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Non-dermatophyte Dermatoses Mimicking Dermatophytoses in Humans. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:101-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park SY, Kim BK, Wang HY, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Lee HY, Choi EH. PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay for fast and accurate identification of causative species in superficial fungal infections. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:359-65. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Y. Park
- Department of Dermatology; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | - B. K. Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
| | - H. Y. Wang
- M&D, Inc.; Wonju Eco Environmental Technology Center; Wonju Korea
| | - S. H. Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; College of Health Sciences; Catholic University of Pusan; Busan Korea
| | - H. J. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science; College of Health Sciences; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
| | - H. Y. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science; College of Health Sciences; Yonsei University; Wonju Korea
| | - E. H. Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine; Wonju Korea
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Tan Y, Lin L, Feng P, Lai W. Dermatophytosis caused byTrichophyton rubrummimicking syphilid: a case report and review of literature. Mycoses 2013; 57:312-5. [PMID: 24206432 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Tan
- Department of Dermatology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Liangbao Lin
- Department of Dermatology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Peiying Feng
- Department of Dermatology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermatology; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Tinea atypica: report of nine cases. Wien Med Wochenschr 2013; 163:549-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-013-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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