1
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Malvehy J, Stratigos AJ, Bagot M, Stockfleth E, Ezzedine K, Delarue A. Actinic keratosis: Current challenges and unanswered questions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38 Suppl 5:3-11. [PMID: 38923589 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Actinic keratoses (AK) are common skin lesions associated with chronic exposure to sun. They are believed to be precursors of malignancy as they potentially may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The goal of current therapies is to reduce the number of AK and to prevent future cancer development. This review aims at providing an overview of the hallmarks of AK and skin field cancerization. We discuss epidemiology trends, risk factors and the state of the art and evidence of the current treatments. We review key figures of AK prevalence from different countries with regard to skin cancer risk and the associated economic burden of AK. We discuss the mutational status in AK lesions and the difficulties encountered by clinicians in evaluating AK visible and invisible lesions, referring to the concept of field cancerization. Based on a systematic literature review, we further evaluate the available treatment options. The presence of subclinical skin alterations in the periphery of visible AK lesions has gained a particular attention as those non-visible lesions are known to contain the same genetic changes as those found in the AK lesions themselves, prompting the concept of 'field cancerization'. Therefore, AK treatment guidelines now recognize the importance of treating the field in patients with AK. A recent systematic literature review and network meta-analysis showed that 5-FU interventions were associated with the best efficacy and a satisfactory acceptability profile compared with other field-directed therapies used in the treatment of AK. Although AK are considered quite common, they lack an accurate descriptive definition and conclusive epidemiologic data. Limited public awareness is a barrier to early and effective treatment, including prevention strategies. While different treatment options are available, there is still a limited understanding of long-term outcomes of treatment as measured by recurrence of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Malvehy
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, and Spain & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martine Bagot
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Human Immunology, Pathophysiology and Immunotherapy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, EA EpiDermE, UPEC-Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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2
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Garofalo V, Geraci F, Di Prete M, Lanna C, Lozzi F, Cosio T, Lambiase S, Gaeta Schumak R, Di Raimondo C, Diluvio L, Bianchi L, Campione E. Early clinical response to 5-fluorouracil 0.5% and salicylic acid 10% topical solution in the treatment of actinic keratoses of the head: an observational study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:2664-2669. [PMID: 35435128 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2067817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis is one of the most common dermatological disorders. A new topical solution, constituted by 0.5% 5-fluorouracil and 10% salicylic acid (Actikerall, Almirall) has been introduced in the treatment pipeline of non-hyperkeratotic actinic keratoses of the head and neck. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed in an observational prospective clinical study the short-term treatment effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil and salicylic acid on face and scalp actinic keratoses of grade 1 and 2 of forty patients. Efficacy assessment was performed by clinical dermatological examination, collecting color photographs, calculating AKASI score, and by means of dermoscopy for each target lesion at every visit. RESULTS AKASI score decreased from an initial score of 3.3 to a final score of 0.9. At week 4, we were able to record a complete clearance of 50% of the treated lesions and a partial clearance of 28%. At the end of 12 weeks, 84% of the total lesions showed complete clearance, while 8% had partial clearance. CONCLUSIONS 5-fluorouracil and salicylic acid topical solution is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate actinic keratoses. In the future, further studies are needed to evaluate the chance of adjusting drug dosage according to patients' and actinic keratoses features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Garofalo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Geraci
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Di Prete
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology, Santa Maria di Ca' Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Caterina Lanna
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Lozzi
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lambiase
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ruslana Gaeta Schumak
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Di Raimondo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
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3
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Ezzedine K, Painchault C, Brignone M. Use of complete clearance for assessing treatment efficacy for 5-fluorouracil interventions in actinic keratoses: how baseline lesion count can impact this outcome. JOURNAL OF MARKET ACCESS & HEALTH POLICY 2020; 8:1829884. [PMID: 33133432 PMCID: PMC7580760 DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2020.1829884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many trials in actinic keratoses (AK) use complete clearance rate (100% reduction in number of lesions) as the primary endpoint. We explore limitations (predominantly baseline factors) associated with this outcome. Objective: This analysis assessed the effect of baseline lesion count on complete clearance rate using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) formulations, alone or with 10% salicylic acid solution, in patients with AK. Methodology: Correlation between baseline lesion count and complete clearance rate at week 8 was assessed using Pearson's coefficient. Results: Five RCTs assessing 5-FU (4%, 5%, or 0.5% in 10% salicylic acid solution) in 1,080 patients with AK were included. Mean lesion count at baseline ranged from 8.1 to 21.2 lesions per patient. Complete clearance rate was negatively associated with number of lesions at baseline. Correlation between mean number of lesions at baseline and complete clearance rate was strong (r2 = 0.94) and statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This analysis showed that, in a homogenous set of trials, complete clearance rates achieved with 5-FU interventions are inversely related to number of lesions at baseline. These findings highlight the limits of restricting treatment evaluation to complete clearance rate and the relevance of alternative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Melanie Brignone
- Market access and HEOR department, Pierre Fabre, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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4
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Foley K, Gupta AK, Martin G, Tweed JA, Villanueva E, Carviel J. Topical treatments and photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis of the face and scalp. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Foley
- Mediprobe Research Inc.; 645 Windermere Road London ON Canada N5X 2P1
| | - Aditya K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc.; 645 Windermere Road London ON Canada N5X 2P1
| | - George Martin
- Dr. George Martin Dermatology Associates; 41 East Lipoa St Suite 21 Kihei Hawaii USA 96753
| | - John A Tweed
- The University of Nottingham; c/o Cochrane Skin Group; King's Meadow Campus Lenton Lane Nottingham UK NG7 2NR
| | - Elmer Villanueva
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University; Department of Public Health; 111 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jessie Carviel
- Mediprobe Research Inc.; 645 Windermere Road London ON Canada N5X 2P1
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Hanke CW, Albrecht L, Skov T, Larsson T, Østerdal ML, Spelman L. Efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel in field treatment of actinic keratosis on full face, balding scalp, or approximately 250 cm 2 on the chest: A phase 3 randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 82:642-650. [PMID: 31374304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) 0.015% or 0.05% is approved for actinic keratosis (AK) areas of 25 cm2 or less; some patients require treatment of larger fields. OBJECTIVE To determine efficacy and safety of IngMeb 0.027% in areas of AK of up to 250 cm2 during an 8-week initial assessment period and extended 12-month follow-up. METHODS This phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial (NCT02361216) enrolled adult patients with 5 to 20 AK lesions on the face/scalp (25-250 cm2) or chest (approximately 250 cm2). Patients received once-daily IngMeb or vehicle for 3 consecutive days on the full face, full balding scalp, or approximately 250 cm2 on the chest. The primary endpoint was complete AK clearance (AKCLEAR 100; week 8). Additional endpoints included partial AK clearance (AKCLEAR 75), recurrence, patient satisfaction, cosmetic outcome, and safety. RESULTS IngMeb was superior to vehicle for complete AK clearance (21.4% vs 3.4%, P < .001) and AK clearance of 75% or greater (59.4% vs 8.9%, P < .001) at week 8. Probability of sustained clearance during the 12-month follow-up was 22.9% for patients treated with IngMeb. Increased treatment satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes were observed with IngMeb versus vehicle. No unexpected safety signals were identified. LIMITATIONS Localized skin responses hindered maintenance of double-blinding. CONCLUSIONS IngMeb 0.027% was superior to vehicle for treatment of AK areas of up to 250 cm2. The safety profile of IngMeb was as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lynda Spelman
- Veracity Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Efficacy and safety of topical SR-T100 gel in treating actinic keratosis in Taiwan: A Phase III randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled parallel trial. J Dermatol Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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Schmitz L, Gupta G, Segert MH, Kost R, Sternberg J, Gambichler T, Stockfleth E, Dirschka T. Diclofenac Sodium 3% in Hyaluronic Acid 2.5% Gel Significantly Diminishes the Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:206-211. [PMID: 29791916 DOI: 10.1159/000488248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) is a new assessment tool to quantify the severity of actinic damage on the head. Thus far, it has not been evaluated in monitoring the efficacy of field-directed topical treatments in actinic keratosis (AK) in routine clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine treatment outcomes by using AKASI 3 months after the initiation of topical application of diclofenac sodium 3% in hyaluronic acid 2.5% gel (DFS) in patients with AKs on the head. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with AKs who had AKASI scores prior to and after treatment with DFS. RESULTS Of the 24 patients included, 20 (83.3%) showed an improvement in AKASI, 2 (8.3%) a stable AKASI, and 2 (8.3%) a worsening of AKASI after a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 91.5 days (89.8-104.3). The median AKASI reduction was 31.4% (16.7-59.1). The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences (p = 0.0008) between baseline and posttreatment AKASI values. CONCLUSIONS AKASI is an easy-to-use quantitative tool for assessing the treatment outcome of field-directed therapies. Field-directed therapies of AK should no longer be monitored by assessments based on lesion counts alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Girish Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Monklands Hospital, University of Glasgow, Airdrie, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Hanno Segert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ricarda Kost
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Sternberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirschka
- CentroDerm Clinic, Wuppertal, Germany.,Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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8
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Photodynamic therapy leads to significant improvement of actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI). Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Stockfleth E, Harwood CA, Serra-Guillén C, Larsson T, Østerdal ML, Skov T. Phase IV head-to-head randomized controlled trial comparing ingenol mebutate 0·015% gel with diclofenac sodium 3% gel for the treatment of actinic keratosis on the face or scalp. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:433-442. [PMID: 29030864 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingenol mebutate (IngMeb) and diclofenac sodium (DS) are approved treatments for actinic keratosis (AK). OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of IngMeb 0·015% gel with DS 3% gel (NCT02406014). METHODS Patients with 4-8 visible, discrete AK lesions on the face/scalp in a 25 cm2 contiguous area of skin were randomized 1:1 to IngMeb once-daily for three consecutive days or DS twice-daily for 90 days. Patients with AK lesions at Week 8 following IngMeb were offered a second IngMeb course. Primary end point was complete clearance of AK lesions (AKCLEAR 100) at end of first treatment course (Week 8, IngMeb; Week 17, DS). Secondary end points included AKCLEAR 100 at end of last treatment course and Week 17; adverse events (AEs) were assessed at these time points. Patients completed treatment satisfaction questionnaires for medication (TSQM; Week 17). RESULTS AKCLEAR 100 at end of first treatment course was higher with IngMeb (34%) vs. DS (23%; P = 0·006). AKCLEAR 100 at end of last IngMeb course (53%) and Week 17 (45%) was higher than DS (both P < 0·001). The most frequent AE was application-site erythema (IngMeb 19%; DS 12%). Treatment-related AE (TRAE) duration was shorter with IngMeb. TRAE withdrawals were lower for IngMeb (2%) vs. DS (6%). TSQM scores for global satisfaction (P < 0·001) and effectiveness (P = 0·002) were higher with IngMeb, as was dosing instruction adherence (≥ 90% vs. 70%). CONCLUSIONS AKCLEAR 100, patient treatment satisfaction and effectiveness were significantly higher with IngMeb compared with DS, demonstrating superiority of IngMeb for AK treatment on face/scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stockfleth
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - C A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - C Serra-Guillén
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - T Skov
- LEO Pharma A/S, Ballerup, Denmark
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10
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Schmitz L, Gambichler T, Gupta G, Stücker M, Dirschka T. Actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) is associated with the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:752-756. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University; Bochum Germany
| | - T. Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University; Bochum Germany
| | - G. Gupta
- Department of Dermatology; Monklands Hospital; Lanarkshire UK
- University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - M. Stücker
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Ruhr-University; Bochum Germany
| | - T. Dirschka
- CentroDerm Clinic; Wuppertal Germany
- Faculty of Health; University Witten-Herdecke; Witten Germany
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11
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Reinhold U. A review of BF-200 ALA for the photodynamic treatment of mild-to-moderate actinic keratosis. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2413-2428. [PMID: 28805092 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BF-200 ALA is a combination of a nanoscale-lipid vesicle formulation and the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). The nanoemulsion stabilizes the prodrug and enhances its penetration through the stratum corneum. It has shown excellent therapeutic results in both lesion and field-directed photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis (AK). AK is an early form of epidermal neoplasia and a precursor of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the combination of visible neoplastic lesions and surrounding tissue also harboring tumorigenic UV-induced mutations: a concept called field cancerization. A selective, field-directed treatment is ideal to meet the requirements of field change. Here, we review the clinical data on BF-200 ALA for AK along with a summary of molecular mechanisms and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Reinhold
- Dermatological Center Bonn Friedensplatz, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Arenberger P, Arenbergerova M. New and current preventive treatment options in actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31 Suppl 5:13-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology; Charles University Third Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Arenbergerova
- Department of Dermatovenereology; Charles University Third Faculty of Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
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13
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Dirschka T, Pellacani G, Micali G, Malvehy J, Stratigos AJ, Casari A, Schmitz L, Gupta G. A proposed scoring system for assessing the severity of actinic keratosis on the head: actinic keratosis area and severity index. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1295-1302. [PMID: 28401585 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) severity is currently evaluated by subjective assessment of patients. OBJECTIVES To develop and perform an initial pilot validation of a new easy-to-use quantitative tool for assessing AK severity on the head. METHODS The actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) for the head was developed based on a review of other severity scoring systems in dermatology, in particular the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Initial validation was performed by 13 physicians assessing AK severity in 18 AK patients and two controls using a physician global assessment (PGA) and AKASI. To determine an AKASI score, the head was divided into four regions (scalp, forehead, left/right cheek ear, chin and nose). In each region, the percentage of the area affected by AKs was estimated, and the severities of three clinical signs of AK were assessed: distribution, erythema and thickness. RESULTS There was a strong correlation between AKASI and PGA scores (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.86). AKASI was able to discriminate between different PGA categories: mean (SD) AKASI increased from 2.88 (1.18) for 'light' to 5.33 (1.48) for 'moderate', 8.28 (1.89) for 'severe', and 8.73 (3.03) for 'very severe' PGA classification. The coefficient of variation for AKASI scores was low and relatively constant across all PGA categories. CONCLUSIONS Actinic keratosis area and severity index is proposed as a new quantitative tool for assessing AK severity on the head. It may be useful in the future evaluation of new AK treatments in clinical studies and the management of AK in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dirschka
- Centroderm Clinic, Wuppertal, Germany.,Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Micali
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - A J Stratigos
- First Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - A Casari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - L Schmitz
- Centroderm Clinic, Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - G Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Monklands Hospital, Lanarkshire, UK.,University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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14
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Szeimies RM, Atanasov P, Bissonnette R. Use of Lesion Response Rate in Actinic Keratosis Trials. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2016; 6:461-464. [PMID: 27645828 PMCID: PMC5120634 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-016-0145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete patient clearance is often required by regulatory agencies for the approval of treatments for actinic keratosis (AK). However, an increasing number of clinicians have challenged the use of this measure in clinical practice and its interpretation. It has been argued that complete patient clearance often underestimates the clinical benefit of a drug and is influenced by a number of key confounding factors, such as number and distribution of lesions, at baseline. Lesions response rate is one alternative which has been suggested as more relevant due to its applicability to clinical practice and closer reflection of the clinical value of the drug. This paper provides an updated perspective on the topic and details the current thinking on the role of complete clearance and lesion response rate in the context of AK. Funding: Galderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf-Markus Szeimies
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Vest Clinic, Recklinghausen, Germany.
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15
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Bobyr I, Campanati A, Consales V, Martina E, Molinelli E, Diotallevi F, Brisigotti V, Giangiacomi M, Ganzetti G, Giuliodori K, Offidani A. Ingenol mebutate in actinic keratosis: a clinical, videodermoscopic and immunohistochemical study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:260-266. [PMID: 27453064 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Bobyr
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - A. Campanati
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - V. Consales
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - E. Martina
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - E. Molinelli
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - F. Diotallevi
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - V. Brisigotti
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - M. Giangiacomi
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology; Polytechnic University Marche; Ancona Italy
| | - G. Ganzetti
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - K. Giuliodori
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
| | - A. Offidani
- Dermatological Unit; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Polytehnic Marche University; Ancona Italy
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Foley P, Stockfleth E, Peris K, Basset-Seguin N, Cerio R, Antonio Sanches J, Guillen C, Farrington E, Lebwohl M. Adherence to topical therapies in actinic keratosis: A literature review. J DERMATOL TREAT 2016; 27:538-545. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1178372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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End points in dermatologic clinical trials: A review for clinicians. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:203-9. [PMID: 26936300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials are critical for the development of new therapies in dermatology, and their results help determine US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and guide care. Of special relevance is the clinical trial efficacy end point, the metric from which statistically significant outcome is derived. Clinicians' understanding of a clinical trial's end point is necessary for critical analysis of the trial results and for applying those results to daily practice. This review provides practical knowledge and critical evaluation of end points used in treatment approvals by the FDA. The end points for actinic keratosis, acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, onychomycosis, and cutaneous ulcer serve as examples.
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Chetty P, Choi F, Mitchell T. Primary care review of actinic keratosis and its therapeutic options: a global perspective. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2015; 5:19-35. [PMID: 25647448 PMCID: PMC4374063 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-015-0070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common skin condition caused by long-term sun exposure that has the potential to progress to non-melanoma skin cancers. The objective of this review is to examine the therapeutic options and management of AK globally, particularly in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Despite its potentially malignant nature, general awareness of AK is low, both in the general population and in the primary health care setting, especially in countries with low incidence. There is no standard therapeutic strategy for AK; it is treated through a variety of lesion-directed or field-directed therapies or a combination of both. A variety of treatment options are used depending on the experience of the primary care physician, the pathology of the lesion, and patient factors. Studies have shown that the physicians do not always use the optimal treatment option because of a lack of knowledge. The higher incidence of AK in fair-skinned people in Australia has resulted in well-established management strategies and guidelines for its treatment, compared with countries with lower incidence. It is essential to raise the awareness of AK because of its potential to progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Primary care physicians are often the first to see this condition in their patients and are perfectly placed to educate the public and raise awareness. It is therefore desirable that their education and knowledge about AK and its treatment are up to date.
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