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Avila S, Muñoz-García L, Vázquez-Leyva S, Salinas-Jazmín N, Medina-Rivero E, Pavón L, Mellado-Sánchez G, Chacón-Salinas R, Estrada-Parra S, Vallejo-Castillo L, Pérez-Tapia SM. Transferon™, a peptide mixture with immunomodulatory properties is not immunogenic when administered with various adjuvants. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 14:169-177. [PMID: 28707490 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1346009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferon, a human dialyzable leukocyte extract (hDLE), is a biotherapeutic that comprises a complex mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides (< 10 kDa) and is used to treat diseases with an inflammatory component. Some biotherapeutics, including those composed of peptides, can induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA) that block or diminish their therapeutic effect. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated peptide-derived drug immunogenicity. In this study, the immunogenicity of Transferon was examined in a murine model during an immunization scheme using the following adjuvants: Al(OH)3, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), or Titermax Gold. The inoculation scheme entailed three routes of administration (intraperitoneal, Day 1; subcutaneous, Day 7; and intramuscular, Day 14) using 200 μg Transferon/inoculation. Serum samples were collected on Day 21. Total IgG levels were quantitated by affinity chromatography, and specific antibodies against components of Transferon were analyzed by dot-blot and ELISA. Ovalbumin (OVA, 44 kDa) and peptides from hydrolyzed collagen (PFHC, < 17 kDa) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively, in the same inoculation scheme and analyses for Transferon. OVA, PFHC, and Transferon increased total IgG concentrations in mice. However, only IgG antibodies against OVA were detected. Based on the results, it is concluded that Transferon does not induce generation of specific antibodies against its components in this model, regardless of adjuvant and route of administration. These results support the safety of Transferon by confirming its inability to induce ADA in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Avila
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Leslie Muñoz-García
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Said Vázquez-Leyva
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Nohemí Salinas-Jazmín
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- b Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología , Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.,c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.,d Departamento de Farmacología , Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- a Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico.,c Departamento de Inmunología , Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico.,e Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Médica y Biotecnológica (UDIMEB) , Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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