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Chang CC, Peng SY, Tsao HH, Huang HT, Lai XY, Hsu HJ, Jiang SJ. A Multitarget Therapeutic Peptide Derived From Cytokine Receptors Based on in Silico Analysis Alleviates Cytokine-Stimulated Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853818. [PMID: 35370629 PMCID: PMC8965626 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Septicemia is a severe inflammatory response caused by the invasion of foreign pathogens. Severe sepsis-induced shock and multiple organ failure are the two main causes of patient death. The overexpression of many proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, is closely related to severe sepsis. Although the treatment of sepsis has been subject to many major breakthroughs of late, the treatment of patients with septic shock is still accompanied by a high mortality rate. In our previous research, we used computer simulations to design the multifunctional peptide KCF18 that can bind to TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 based on the binding regions of receptors and proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, proinflammatory cytokines were used to stimulate human monocytes to trigger an inflammatory response, and the anti-inflammatory ability of the multifunctional KCF18 peptide was further investigated. Cell experiments demonstrated that KCF18 significantly reduced the binding of proinflammatory cytokines to their cognate receptors and inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It could also reduce the expression of reactive oxygen species induced by cytokines in human monocytes. KCF18 could effectively decrease the p65 nucleus translocation induced by cytokines, and a mice endotoxemia experiment demonstrated that KCF18 could reduce the expression of IL-6 and the increase of white blood cells in the blood stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. According to our study of tissue sections, KCF18 alleviated liver inflammation. By reducing the release of cytokines in plasma and directly affecting vascular cells, KCF18 is believed to significantly reduce the risk of vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chun Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Tsao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Xing-Yan Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hao-Jen Hsu, ; Shinn-Jong Jiang,
| | - Shinn-Jong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hao-Jen Hsu, ; Shinn-Jong Jiang,
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Bartier S, Coste A, Béquignon E. Biotherapy and treatment of adult primary chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Cellular and molecular bases. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020; 138:355-362. [PMID: 33358657 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present article reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwCRSwNP) and underlying the action mechanisms of biotherapies. Biotherapy uses substances naturally produced by the organism or their specific antagonists targeting a proinflammatory mechanism. CRSwCRSwNP is a form of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which is classically subdivided in to 2 types according to the presence of polyps. In recent years, the concept of endotypes emerged, with a more exhaustive definition of the types of CRS according to inflammatory mechanism, with a view to developing personalized treatments. CRSwNP pathophysiology is poorly understood. Polyps arise from a primary epithelial lesion in a context of chronic local inflammation, mainly type 2 in Europe, implicating eosinophils, IgE, Th2 cytokines (IL-4/IL-13, IL-5) and T and B cells. Biotherapy seems promising in CRSwNP. The present review details the various pathophysiological pathways underlying the action mechanisms of biotherapies, and the various published studies, assessing efficacy and mode of action in the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bartier
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté de Médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - A Coste
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté de Médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - E Béquignon
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté de Médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94000 Créteil, France
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Kirsche H, Klimek L. [ASA-intolerance syndrome and persistent rhinosinusitis : Differential diagnosis and treatment]. HNO 2016; 63:357-63. [PMID: 25929893 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A differential diagnosis of persistent chronic rhinosinusitis is ASA-intolerance syndrome (AIS), also known as Aspirin®‑exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), Samter-Trias (Samter's disease, Morbus Widal). Particularly in cases of frequent recurrency of nasal polyps in combination with bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity reactions to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAR) can often be referred to an underlying AIS. The pathogenesis of this syndrome is attributed to a misallocation of the arachidonic acid metabolism, resulting in an increased leukotriene production. METHODS The diagnosis may be difficult in the early stages of the disease with incomplete triad of symptoms. RESULTS Therapy may consist of paranasal sinuses surgery, drug therapy and adaptive deactivation as the only causal treatment option for patients with AIS. CONCLUSION For adaptive desactivation, positive effects were actually shown even in patients with long-term recurrent or persistent complaints of chronic rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kirsche
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Deutschland,
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Wang H, Lu X, Cao PP, Chu Y, Long XB, Zhang XH, You XJ, Cui YH, Liu Z. Histological and immunological observations of bacterial and allergic chronic rhinosinusitis in the mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 22:343-8. [PMID: 18702895 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to elucidate histological and immunologic features of mouse models of bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis (BCRS) and allergic chronic rhinosinusitis (ACRS). METHODS A BCRS mouse model was established using Streptococcus pneumoniae inoculation plus Merocel (Medtronic, Jacksonville, FL) ostiomeatal obstruction for 12 weeks. An ACRS mouse model was developed by means of ovalbumin (OVA) i.p. injection and subsequent repeated OVA intranasal challenge for 12 weeks. Histological changes of sinonasal mucosa of both models were examined by means of hematoxylin and eosin staining for general morphology and inflammatory cell, periodic acid-Schiff staining for goblet cell, and Masson-trichrome staining for collagen. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the concentrations of various cytokines in nasal lavage fluid. RESULTS Polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in lamina propria was more obvious in the BCRS model, whereas eosinophil infiltration was more apparent in the ACRS model. Significant goblet cell and subepithelial gland hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial thickening, and mononuclear cell infiltration were shown in both models with more severe extent found in the ACRS model. Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in NLF from both models were increased and peaked at 1 week. Interferon gamma levels were also up-regulated in both models but reached maximum at 1 week in the BCRS model and 4 weeks in the ACRS model. IL-8 (CXCL8) levels were only increased in BCRS mice and peaked at 1 week, whereas IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin (CCL11) levels were only enhanced in ACRS mice and peaked at 1 week. The Th1/Th2 ratio in BCRS mice was significantly higher than that in ACRS mice (6.68 +/- 2.33 versus 1.37 +/- 0.86; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Histological and immunologic features of BCRS and ACRS mouse models were similar to those of human noneosinophilic and eosinophilic CRS, respectively. BCRS and ACRS mouse models have distinct immunologic characteristics and are applicable for CRS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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[Analgesic intolerance (AI). Key position of ENT physicians for early detection of this condition]. HNO 2008; 56:443-50; quiz 451. [PMID: 18389300 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-008-1701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of analgesic intolerance (AI) is frequently associated with symptoms examined by ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialists. The prevalence of AI is reported in the literature to be 0.6-2.5%. Even though there are no concluding results concerning its pathogenesis, an altered arachidonic acid metabolism is most likely the underlying pathomechanism. The symptoms include chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, gastrointestinal ulcers, angioedema, and urticaria. Clinical reactions after ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory-drugs (NSAIDs) are often obvious in the progress of disease. In order to initiate early therapy and therefore prevent the progress of disease, the diagnosis of AI should occur before the complete picture of AI is obvious. Adaptive desensitization is currently the single causal therapy. Frequency of endonasal revision surgery is reduced after desensitization; severe asthma and reactions after ingestion of NSAIDs are avoided. ENT specialists are particularly in a key position for early detection of AI.
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Gosepath J, Mann WJ. Current concepts in therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006; 67:125-36. [PMID: 15942266 DOI: 10.1159/000086075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) still to a large extent remain obscure. However, recently there has been some progress in elucidating the etiology of nasal polyposis, especially regarding tissue eosinophilia as well as the role of aspirin intolerance and eicosanoid mediators. Endonasal sinus surgery has evolved to be the treatment of choice in CRS and nasal polyposis in all cases where conservative treatment has failed or resulted in only a partial or temporary relief. Today, state of the art in surgical technique includes the ability to combine microscopic and endoscopic procedures. Regardless of technical advances like powered instrumentation or computer-aided surgery, in a modern protocol, surgical therapy can offer only one option within a complex and individually tailored therapeutical concept. This review discusses current concepts and new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of CRS and nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gosepath
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Danielsen A, Tynning T, Brokstad KA, Olofsson J, Davidsson A. Interleukin 5, IL6, IL12, IFN-gamma, RANTES and Fractalkine in human nasal polyps, turbinate mucosa and serum. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 263:282-9. [PMID: 16456693 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-005-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyps are considered to develop as an end result of an inflammatory process. Cytokines and chemokines in the respiratory mucosa may be a key to polyp pathophysiology. The main objective was to identify IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, RANTES, IFN-gamma and Fractalkine in humans on the protein level in nasal polyps and mucosa from the inferior turbinate (IT). Furthermore, the cytokines and chemokines RANTES and Fractalkine were analyzed in plasma. Tissue homogenates and plasma from 13 patients were analyzed by the ELISA technique. All the patients had longstanding nasal/paranasal polyposis. Fractalkine was detected in polyps and IT in two different patients. IL-5 was expressed in polyps and IT. IL-6 was expressed in all patients with a higher level in polyps than IT. IL-12 was present in plasma, polyps and IT, though at an increased level in polyps. RANTES was present at a higher level in plasma than in polyps and IT. IFN-gamma was detectable in polyps and IT. Fractalkine is detected in nasal polyps, which is a new observation. The overall results indicate a mixed T(H)1/T(H)2 cytokine profile in nasal polyps. RANTES and IL-12 are strongly present in plasma, suggesting an ongoing inflammatory "drive". IL-6 and IL-12 are up-regulated in polyps versus the IT. Up-regulation of IL-6 may be explained by increased fibroblast activity dependant on an ongoing local inflammation possibly initiated by an infection. IL-5, RANTES and IFN-gamma are equally represented in polyps and IT, indicating equilibrium between the nasal polyps and surrounding tissue, and that an up-regulation of cytokines in the polyp indicates a potential for polyp growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arild Danielsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Axess Medical Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Stoeck M, Riedel R, Hochhaus G, Häfner D, Masso JM, Schmidt B, Hatzelmann A, Marx D, Bundschuh DS. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the new glucocorticoid ciclesonide. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309:249-58. [PMID: 14718604 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.059592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid ciclesonide is the 2'R-epimer of 2'-cyclohexyl-11beta-hydroxy-21-isobutyryloxy-16bH-dioxolo[5',4':16,17]pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione. The active metabolite desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (des-CIC) is derived from ciclesonide by esterase cleavage of isobutyrate at the C21 position. The relative binding affinities at the rat glucocorticoid receptor were dexamethasone, 100; ciclesonide, 12; des-CIC, 1212; and budesonide, 905. Des-CIC potently inhibited the activation of murine and human lymphocytes in a series of different in vitro systems. With the exception of concanavalin A-stimulated rat spleen cells, des-CIC was more potent than the parent compound. Des-CIC compared well with budesonide in all in vitro systems. Furthermore, the respective 2'S-epimers were always significantly less potent than the 2'R-epimers. In vivo, ciclesonide (intratracheal administration), des-CIC, and budesonide inhibited antigen-induced accumulation of eosinophils, protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged Brown Norway rats with an ED(50) value ranging from 0.4 to 1.3 mg/kg, indicating similar potency, which suggests in vivo activation of the parent compound. Ciclesonide and budesonide inhibited the bradykinin-induced protein leakage into the rat trachea. In the rat cotton pellet model, ciclesonide inhibited granuloma formation (ED(50):= of 2 microg/pellet), whereas budesonide and des-CIC were 15- and 20-fold less active; thymus involution was induced with an ED(50) of 303, 279, and 154 microg/pellet, respectively. When applied orally to rats for 28 days, ciclesonide showed low potency in reducing weight of thymus and adrenals, suggesting low oral bioavailability. The in vivo data on ciclesonide highlight its effective local action and a reduced potential for side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stoeck
- ALTANA Pharma AG, Byk-Gulden-Strasse 2, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
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Abstract
Nasal obstruction, the leading symptom of allergic rhinitis, results from the combined activity of early- and late-phase allergic reactions. Desloratadine inhibits both early- and late-phase inflammatory mediators in vitro. Thus, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trials were conducted to assess the efficacy of desloratadine against nasal obstruction, measured objectively and subjectively, during controlled exposure of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis to allergen. Positive results were obtained in three single-dose studies; desloratadine 5 mg resulted in a greater improvement from baseline than did placebo in the total symptom score and the nasal obstruction symptom score (P </= 0.02). Desloratadine was more effective than placebo in a multiple-dose study; desloratadine 5 mg was given once daily for 7 days, and a 6-h allergen challenge was administered at the end of treatment compared with placebo. Desloratadine treatment was associated with less deterioration from baseline in the mean nasal airflow (P < 0.05) and in the mean severity score for the symptom of nasal obstruction (P < 0.03). Desloratadine significantly reduces the severity of nasal obstruction in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Horak
- Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic, Vienna, Austria
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Bachert C, Hörmann K, Mösges R, Rasp G, Riechelmann H, Müller R, Luckhaupt H, Stuck BA, Rudack C. An update on the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyposis. Allergy 2003; 58:176-91. [PMID: 12653791 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.02172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bachert
- ENT Clinic, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Riccio AM, Tosca MA, Cosentino C, Pallestrini E, Ameli F, Canonica GW, Ciprandi G. Cytokine pattern in allergic and non-allergic chronic rhinosinusitis in asthmatic children. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32:422-6. [PMID: 11940073 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinosinusitis represents one of the most common chronic diseases. The association of rhinosinusitis with asthma has been frequently reported. Eosinophils and Th2 cells play a pathogenic mechanism in asthma. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to evaluate the cytokine pattern in chronic rhinosinusitis in asthmatic children and to compare the findings in allergic vs. non-allergic asthmatics. METHODS Thirty-five asthmatic children were evaluated, 19 males and 16 females, with an average age of 8.7 years. All children were asthmatic and suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis. Twenty were allergic and 15 were non-allergic. Ten healthy children were studied as normal controls. Evaluated parameters were the levels of the following cytokines: IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Cytokines were recovered from rhinosinusal lavage and measured by immunoassays. Nasal cytology was also performed in all subjects and inflammatory cells were counted by conventional staining. RESULTS Allergic subjects showed a significant increase of IL-4 (P < 0.01) and TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease of IL-12 (P < 0.05) and of IFN-gamma (P < 0.0001), whereas IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were not significantly increased. Non-allergic children showed a significant increase of IL-4 (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease of IFN-gamma (P < 0.0001), IL-12 was not significantly decreased, and IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were not significantly increased. A significant inflammatory infiltrate was present in all asthmatic children. Significant correlations were demonstrated between IL-4 and IL-12 (P < 0.001), IL-12 and IFN-gamma (P < 0.001), IL-8 and neutrophils (P < 0.01), and TNF-alpha and monocytes/macrophages (P < 0.05), in allergic asthmatics. IL-4 and IL-12 were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) as well as IL-8 and neutrophils (P < 0.01) in non-allergic asthmatics. CONCLUSION This study shows that allergic asthmatic children with chronic rhinosinusitis have a typical Th2 cytokine pattern, but also non-allergic asthmatic children share a similar pattern. These findings would suggest the existence of a common pathophysiological mechanism shared by upper and lower airways and are consistent with the concept of united airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Delbrouck C, Doyen I, Belot N, Decaestecker C, Ghanooni R, de Lavareille A, Kaltner H, Choufani G, Danguy A, Vandenhoven G, Gabius HJ, Hassid S, Kiss R. Galectin-1 is overexpressed in nasal polyps under budesonide and inhibits eosinophil migration. J Transl Med 2002; 82:147-58. [PMID: 11850528 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of galectins for various cellular activities, the influence of the glucocorticoid budesonide on the level of expression of galectins-1 and -3 was investigated in human nasal polyposis. Ten nasal polyps obtained from surgical resection were maintained for 24 hours in the presence of various concentrations of budesonide. As quantitatively demonstrated by means of computer-assisted microscopy, 250 ng/ml (the highest dose tested) induced a pronounced increase of galectin-1 expression. This feature was observed in nasal polyps from allergic patients but not in those from nonallergic patients. Since eosinophils represent the main inflammatory cell population in nasal polyps, we investigated the effect of galectin-1 on their migration levels by means of quantitative phase-contrast computer-assisted videomicroscopy. Our results show that galectin-1 (coated on plastic supports) markedly reduced the migration levels of eosinophils in comparison to P-selectin. On the cellular level, marked modifications in the polymerization/depolymerization dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton (as revealed by means of computer-assisted fluorescence microscopy) and, to a much lesser extent, an increase in the adhesiveness of eosinophils to tested substrata were detectable. The present study therefore reveals a new galectin-1-mediated mechanism of action for glucocorticoid-mediated anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Delbrouck
- E.N.T. Department, Erasmus University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Johansson SG, van Cauwenberge P. Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107:607-14. [PMID: 11295647 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal polyps (NPs) are characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and often coexist with asthma. However, the role of atopy and IgE in NP pathogenesis is unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether there is an association between total and specific IgE to a variety of allergens in polyp and nonpolyp tissue and markers of eosinophilic inflammation or skin test results. METHODS Homogenates were prepared from nasal tissue of 20 patients with NPs and 20 patients without NPs and analyzed for concentrations of IL-5, IL-4, eotaxin, leukotriene (LT) C4/D4/E4, sCD23, and histamine (ELISA). Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, and total and specific IgE for inhalant allergens and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins were measured (ImmunoCAP). RESULTS The concentrations of total IgE, IL-5, eotaxin, ECP, LTC4/D4/E4, and sCD23 were significantly higher in NP tissue compared with nonpolyp tissue. Total IgE was significantly correlated to IL-5, ECP, LTC4/D4/E4, and sCD23 and to the number of eosinophils in NPs. On the basis of the presence of specific IgE antibodies in tissue, 3 NP groups were defined. NP group 1 demonstrated no measurable specific IgE, and NP group 2 selected specific IgE. The third group demonstrated a multiclonal specific IgE, including IgE to S aureus enterotoxins, a high total IgE level, and a high prevalence of asthma. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that there is an association between increased levels of total IgE, specific IgE, and eosinophilic inflammation in NPs, which may be of relevance in the pathophysiology of nasal polyposis. Similarly, the presence of specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B also points to a possible role of bacterial superantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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