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Ganseman E, Gouwy M, Bullens DMA, Breynaert C, Schrijvers R, Proost P. Reported Cases and Diagnostics of Occupational Insect Allergy: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010086. [PMID: 36613529 PMCID: PMC9820383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant part of adult-onset asthma is caused by occupational exposure to both high- and low-molecular-mass agents. Insects are occasionally described to cause occupational allergy in professions including anglers and fishers, laboratory workers, employees of aquaculture companies, farmers, bakers, sericulture workers and pet shop workers. Occupational insect allergies are often respiratory, causing asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis, but can be cutaneous as well. The European Union recently approved three insect species for human consumption, enabling an industry to develop where more employees could be exposed to insect products. This review overviews knowledge on occupational insect allergy risks and the tools used to diagnose employees. Despite the limited availability of commercial occupational insect allergy diagnostics, 60.9% of 164 included reports used skin prick tests and 63.4% of reports used specific IgE tests. In 21.9% of reports, a more elaborate diagnosis of occupational asthma was made by specific inhalation challenges or peak expiratory flow measurements at the workplace. In some work environments, 57% of employees were sensitized, and no less than 60% of employees reported work-related symptoms. Further development and optimization of specific diagnostics, together with strong primary prevention, may be vital to the health conditions of workers in the developing insect industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M. A. Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department General Internal Medicine–Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department General Internal Medicine–Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-37-90-20
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Lentil allergens identification and quantification: An update from omics perspective. FOOD CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100109. [PMID: 35495776 PMCID: PMC9043643 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Armentia A, Alvarez R, Moreno-González V, Martín B, Fernández S, Martín S, Moro A, Vega JM, Barrios A, Castillo M, Pineda F. Occupational airborne contact urticaria, anaphylaxis and asthma in farmers and agronomists due to Bruchus pisorum. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:466-474. [PMID: 32592184 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational contact urticaria due to inhalation of legume pest allergens has rarely been described. OBJECTIVE To determine the cause of an outbreak of airborne contact urticaria, asthma, and anaphylaxis in farmers and agronomists studying the disinsectization of dried peas. Peas were treated with aluminum phosphide (EPA). METHODS Extracts prepared from Bruchus lentis and Bruchus pisorum bodies and from healthy legumes, EPA-treated legumes, and infested legumes, were used for in vivo tests (skin prick testing, oral, and specific bronchial challenge for the diagnosis of asthma and anaphylaxis) in affected patients and in five control patients with severe legume hypersensitivity. Open application, patch testing with the most common legume insecticides, molecular analysis, and IgE immunoblotting were undertaken. RESULTS We found positive responses (prick, provocation, immune detection) to parasitic pea extracts and B. pisorum. A 25 kDa band was detected in the western blot of all patients who worked with infested EPA-treated peas. Bands from B. pisorum extract were detected in all patients. No responses to pea allergens were found in any patient, unlike in legume allergy controls. Oral provocation tests were negative. CONCLUSION B. pisorum is a cause of contact urticaria and may cause occupational hives, anaphylaxis, and asthma. The allergen may enter by inhalation or puncture of setae released by B. pisorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Armentia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno-González
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Área de Zoología, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Blanca Martín
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Martín
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Angela Moro
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose M Vega
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Abel Barrios
- ITACYL, Consejeria de Agricultura de Castilla y León, León, Spain
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Kim SY, Kwak KW, Park ES, Yoon HJ, Kim YS, Park K, Kim E, Kim SD. Evaluation of Subchronic Oral Dose Toxicity of Freeze-Dried Skimmed Powder of Zophobas atratus Larvae (frpfdZAL) in Rats. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080995. [PMID: 32722267 PMCID: PMC7466282 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), the giant mealworm beetle, is known as an edible insect containing a high protein content which may serve as new sources of human food and animal feed. However, potential toxicity and food safety analyses of Z. atratus have not been previously investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate toxicity of freeze-dried skimmed powder of Z. atratus larvae (frpfdZAL), known as the super mealworm. Toxicological assessments were performed at the doses of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day in a 2- and a 13-week oral repeated-dose toxicity study of frpfdZAL in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in accordance with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines and the principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). No toxicological changes in clinical signs, body weights, water and food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, clinical biochemistry, gross findings, and histopathological examinations were observed. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of frpfdZAL was 5000 mg/kg/day and target organ was not identified in both sexes of rats. In addition, frpfdZAL did not induce increases of serum ImmunoglobulinE (IgE), an identifier of allergic reactions in rats. Collectively, these results suggest that frpfdZAL is safe with no adverse effects, and able to be applied as an edible ingredient or other biological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Kyu-Won Kwak
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eun-Sung Park
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Yoon
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Yong-Soon Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Kwanho Park
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunsun Kim
- Industrial Insect Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (K.-W.K.); (H.J.Y.); (Y.-S.K.); (K.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Sun-Don Kim
- Nonclinical Research Institute, Chemon Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Garino C, Mielke H, Knüppel S, Selhorst T, Broll H, Braeuning A. Quantitative allergenicity risk assessment of food products containing yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111460. [PMID: 32505700 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insect-based foods are starting to enter the EU market, raising concerns about their safety. Allergic consumers might be exposed to even a greater risk, since insects have proven to trigger allergic symptoms, particularly in patients sensitised to crustaceans. Current legislation does not enforce producers to include insects in the list of allergenic ingredients. Food allergenicity risk assessment (FARA) is still at its infancy, and the debate on the need to define allergen thresholds is open. In this paper, we aimed at applying the concepts of stochastic quantitative FARA to describe present and future scenarios of exposure to foods containing Tenebrio molitor, the yellow mealworm. According to our risk characterisation, mealworm-based food products represent a major risk for individuals allergic to crustaceans to develop symptoms after the consumption of a dose lower than a serving size. Moreover, other allergic consumers might be at risk. A correct labelling of insect containing foods would help safeguarding the health of EU allergic consumers. Quantitatively assessing the risk of allergenicity provides a clear description of the problem, facilitating the decisional process of the risk manager, supporting the implementation of effective allergen management procedures and limiting the phenomenon of uninformative precautionary labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Garino
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 33 00 13, D-14191, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans Mielke
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 33 00 13, D-14191, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Knüppel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 33 00 13, D-14191, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Selhorst
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 33 00 13, D-14191, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Broll
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 33 00 13, D-14191, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 33 00 13, D-14191, Berlin, Germany
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Food Wastes as a Potential new Source for Edible Insect Mass Production for Food and Feed: A review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation5030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
About one-third of the food produced annually worldwide ends up as waste. A minor part of this waste is used for biofuel and compost production, but most is landfilled, causing environmental damage. Mass production of edible insects for human food and livestock feed seems a sustainable solution to meet demand for animal-based protein, which is expected to increase due to rapid global population growth. The aim of this review was to compile up-to-date information on mass rearing of edible insects for food and feed based on food wastes. The use and the potential role of the fermentation process in edible insect mass production and the potential impact of this rearing process in achieving an environmentally friendly and sustainable food industry was also assessed. Food waste comprises a huge nutrient stock that could be valorized to feed nutritionally flexible edible insects. Artificial diets based on food by-products for black soldier fly, house fly, mealworm, and house cricket mass production have already been tested with promising results. The use of fermentation and fermentation by-products can contribute to this process and future research is proposed towards this direction. Part of the sustainability of the food sector could be based on the valorization of food waste for edible insect mass production. Further research on functional properties of reared edible insects, standardization of edible insects rearing techniques, safety control aspects, and life cycle assessments is needed for an insect-based food industry.
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Pali-Schöll I, Meinlschmidt P, Larenas-Linnemann D, Purschke B, Hofstetter G, Rodríguez-Monroy FA, Einhorn L, Mothes-Luksch N, Jensen-Jarolim E, Jäger H. Edible insects: Cross-recognition of IgE from crustacean- and house dust mite allergic patients, and reduction of allergenicity by food processing. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100006. [PMID: 30937131 PMCID: PMC6439408 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects have become increasingly interesting as alternative nutrient sources for feeding humans and animals, most reasonably in processed form. Initially, some safety aspects - among them allergenicity - need to be addressed. OBJECTIVE To reveal the cross-reactivity of shrimp-, mite- and flies-allergic patients to different edible insects, and further to assess the efficacy of food processing in reducing the recognition of insect proteins by patients' IgE and in skin prick testing of shrimp-allergic patients. METHODS IgE from patients allergic to crustaceans, house dust mite or flies was evaluated for cross-recognition of proteins in house cricket Acheta domesticus (AD), desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (SG) and Yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor (TM). Changes in IgE-binding and SPT-reactivity to processed insect extracts were determined for migratory locust (Locusta migratoria, LM), after different extraction methods, enzymatic hydrolysis, and thermal processing were applied. RESULTS IgE from patients with crustacean-allergy shows cross-recognition of AD, SG and stable flies; house dust mite allergics' IgE binds to AD and SG; and the flies-allergic patient recognized cricket, desert locust and migratory locust. Cross-reactivity and allergenicity in SPT to LM can be deleted by conventional processing steps, such as hydrolysis with different enzymes or heat treatment, during the preparation of protein concentrates. CONCLUSION The results show that crustacean-, HDM- and stable flies-allergic patients cross-recognize desert locust and house cricket proteins, and crustacean-allergic patients also flies proteins. Furthermore, this study shows that appropriate food processing methods can reduce the risk of cross-reactivity and allergenicity of edible insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pali-Schöll
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Meinlschmidt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Benedict Purschke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Hofstetter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lukas Einhorn
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- AllergyCare, Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center Vienna, Vienna, Austriaf
| | - Henry Jäger
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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de Gier S, Verhoeckx K. Insect (food) allergy and allergens. Mol Immunol 2018; 100:82-106. [PMID: 29731166 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insects represent an alternative for meat and fish in satisfying the increasing demand for sustainable sources of nutrition. Approximately two billion people globally consume insects. They are particularly popular in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Most research on insect allergy has focussed on occupational or inhalation allergy. Research on insect food safety, including allergenicity, is therefore of great importance. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of cases reporting allergy following insect ingestion, studies on food allergy to insects, proteins involved in insect allergy including cross-reactive proteins, and the possibility to alter the allergenic potential of insects by food processing and digestion. Food allergy to insects has been described for silkworm, mealworm, caterpillars, Bruchus lentis, sago worm, locust, grasshopper, cicada, bee, Clanis bilineata, and the food additive carmine, which is derived from female Dactylopius coccus insects. For cockroaches, which are also edible insects, only studies on inhalation allergy have been described. Various insect allergens have been identified including tropomyosin and arginine kinase, which are both pan-allergens known for their cross-reactivity with homologous proteins in crustaceans and house dust mite. Cross-reactivity and/or co-sensitization of insect tropomyosin and arginine kinase has been demonstrated in house dust mite and seafood (e.g. prawn, shrimp) allergic patients. In addition, many other (allergenic) species (various non-edible insects, arachnids, mites, seafoods, mammals, nematoda, trematoda, plants, and fungi) have been identified with sequence alignment analysis to show potential cross-reactivity with allergens of edible insects. It was also shown that thermal processing and digestion did not eliminate insect protein allergenicity. Although purified natural allergens are scarce and yields are low, recombinant allergens from cockroach, silkworm, and Indian mealmoth are readily available, giving opportunities for future research on diagnostic allergy tests and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffie de Gier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Verhoeckx
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Mutungi C, Irungu FG, Nduko J, Mutua F, Affognon H, Nakimbugwe D, Ekesi S, Fiaboe KKM. Postharvest processes of edible insects in Africa: A review of processing methods, and the implications for nutrition, safety and new products development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:276-298. [PMID: 28853909 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1365330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In many African cultures, insects are part of the diet of humans and domesticated animals. Compared to conventional food and feed sources, insects have been associated with a low ecological foot print because fewer natural resources are required for their production. To this end, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recognized the role that edible insects can play in improving global food and nutrition security; processing technologies, as well as packaging and storage techniques that improve shelf-life were identified as being crucial. However, knowledge of these aspects in light of nutritional value, safety, and functionality is fragmentary and needs to be consolidated. This review attempts to contribute to this effort by evaluating the available evidence on postharvest processes for edible insects in Africa, with the aim of identifying areas that need research impetus. It further draws attention to potential postharvest technology options for overcoming hurdles associated with utilization of insects for food and feed. A greater research thrust is needed in processing and this can build on traditional knowledge. The focus should be to establish optimal techniques that improve presentation, quality and safety of products, and open possibilities to diversify use of edible insects for other benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mutungi
- a Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology , Egerton University , Egerton , Kenya.,b International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) , Nairobi , Kenya.,c International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) , Plot No. 25, Mikocheni Light Industrial Area, Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
| | - F G Irungu
- a Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology , Egerton University , Egerton , Kenya
| | - J Nduko
- a Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology , Egerton University , Egerton , Kenya
| | - F Mutua
- d Department of Public health, Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Nairobi , Kangemi , Kenya
| | - H Affognon
- e International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) , BP 320 , Bamako , Mali
| | - D Nakimbugwe
- f Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering , Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - S Ekesi
- b International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - K K M Fiaboe
- b International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) , Nairobi , Kenya
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Manning
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Mei Soon
- International Institute of Nutritional Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Belluco S, Losasso C, Maggioletti M, Alonzi CC, Paoletti MG, Ricci A. Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Belluco
- Risk Analysis Div.; Food Safety Dept.; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; viale dell'Univ. 10; 35020 - Legnaro (PD); Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Risk Analysis Div.; Food Safety Dept.; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; viale dell'Univ. 10; 35020 - Legnaro (PD); Italy
| | - Michela Maggioletti
- UCSC-Allergy Unit; Complesso Integrato Columbus; Via G. Moscati 31; 00168 Rome; Italy
| | - Cristiana C. Alonzi
- UCSC-Allergy Unit; Complesso Integrato Columbus; Via G. Moscati 31; 00168 Rome; Italy
| | | | - Antonia Ricci
- Risk Analysis Div.; Food Safety Dept.; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie; viale dell'Univ. 10; 35020 - Legnaro (PD); Italy
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Mur Gimeno P, Feo Brito F, Martín Iglesias A, Lombardero Vega M, Bautista Martínez P. Allergic reaction caused by a new hidden food, broad bean flour. Allergy 2007; 62:1340-1. [PMID: 17822452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Mur Gimeno
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Santa Bárbara, Puertollano, Spain
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