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Chagan-Yasutan H, He N, Arlud S, Fang J, Hattori T. The elevation of plasma galectin-9 levels in patients with psoriasis and its associations with inflammatory and immune checkpoint molecules in skin tissues. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110741. [PMID: 38092632 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that mainly affects the skin, with an estimated global prevalence of 2-3%. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin capable of promoting or suppressing the progression of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. Here, we determined if the expression of Gal-9 is observed in psoriasis. Gal-9 levels were measured in plasma of psoriasis (n = 62) and healthy control (HC) (n = 31) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, skin samples from seven patients were screened for RNA transcriptomes and the expression of Gal-9 was compared with inflammatory, immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) and Foxp3. The plasma Gal-9 levels in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher (841 pg/mL) than in HCs (617 pg/mL) (P < 0.0001) and were associated with white blood cell numbers, eosinophils (%) and alanine transaminase. The levels of inflammatory molecules IL-36B, IL-17RA, IL-6R, IL-10, IRF8, TGFb1, and IL-37, and those of ICMs of Tim-3, CTLA-4, CD86, CD80, PD-1LG2, CLEC4G, and Foxp3 were significantly correlated with Gal-9 (LGALS9) in skin. However, HMGB1, CD44, CEACAM1 and PDL1-known to be associated with a variety of Gal-9 biological functions were not correlated with LGALS9. Thus, it is likely that Gal-9 expression affects the disease state of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Hospital, Hohhot 010065, China; Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan.
| | - Nagongbilige He
- Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Hospital, Hohhot 010065, China; The Inner Mongolia Institute of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot 010010, China.
| | - Sarnai Arlud
- Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Hospital, Hohhot 010065, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Mongolian Psychosomatic Medicine Department, Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medicine Hospital, Hohhot 010065, China; The Inner Mongolia Institute of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Research Institute of Health and Welfare, Kibi International University, 8-Iga-machi, Takahashi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan; Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kita Ando Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City 420-0881, Japan.
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Su W, Zhang J, Yang S, Tang M, Shen Y, Liu C, Ji J, Maurer M, Jiao Q. Galectin-9 contributes to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis via T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952338. [PMID: 35967337 PMCID: PMC9364826 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common type 2 inflammatory disease, is driven by T helper (TH) 2/TH22polarization and cytokines.Galectin-9 (Gal-9), via its receptor T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3), can promote TH2/TH22 immunity. The relevance of this in AD is largely unclear. Objectives To characterize the role of TIM-3 and Gal-9 in the pathogenesis of AD and underlying mechanisms. Methods We assessed the expression of Gal-9 and TIM-3 in 30 AD patients, to compare them with those of 30 healthy controls (HC) and to explore possible links with disease features including AD activity (SCORAD), IgE levels, and circulating eosinophils and B cells. We also determined the effects of Gal-9 on T cells from the AD patients. Results Our AD patients had markedly higher levels of serum Gal-9 and circulating TIM-3-expressing TH1 and TH17 cells than HC. Gal-9 and TIM-3 were linked to high disease activity, IgE levels, and circulating eosinophils and/or B cells. The rates of circulating TIM-3-positive CD4+ cells were positively correlated with rates of TH2/TH22 cells and negatively correlated with rates of TH1/TH17 cells. Gal-9 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of T cells in patients with AD, especially in those with severe AD. Conclusion Our findings suggest thatGal-9, via TIM-3, contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by augmenting TH2/TH22 polarization through the downregulation of TH1/TH17immunity. This makes Gal-9 and TIM-3 interesting to explore further, as possible drivers of disease and targets of novel AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Su
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, China
| | - Shun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, China
| | - Minhui Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Su Zhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Ji, ; Marcus Maurer, ; Qingqing Jiao,
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jiang Ji, ; Marcus Maurer, ; Qingqing Jiao,
| | - Qingqing Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiang Ji, ; Marcus Maurer, ; Qingqing Jiao,
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Meggyes M, Nagy DU, Balassa T, Godony K, Peterfalvi A, Szereday L, Polgar B. Influence of Galectin-9 Treatment on the Phenotype and Function of NK-92MI Cells in the Presence of Different Serum Supplements. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081066. [PMID: 34439744 PMCID: PMC8391477 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are one of the critical players in the tumor microenvironment-tumor crosstalk and the regulation of local immunity. Galectin-9 has been in the limelight in tumor immunology. Galectin-9 possesses its multiplex biological functions both extracellularly and intracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the modulation of adaptive and innate immunity, and induces immune tolerance. NK-92MI cell lines against different malignancies were extensively studied, and recently published trials used genetically chimeric antigen receptor-transfected NK-92MI cells in tumor immunotherapy. Besides the intensive research in tumor immunotherapy, limited information is available on their immune-checkpoint expression and the impact of checkpoint ligands on their effector functions. To uncover the therapeutic potential of modulating Galectin-9-related immunological pathways in NK-cell-based therapy, we investigated the dose-dependent effect of soluble Galectin-9 on the TIM-3 checkpoint receptor and NKG2D, CD69, FasL, and perforin expression of NK-92MI cells. We also examined how their cytotoxicity and cytokine production was altered after Gal-9 treatment and in the presence of different serum supplements using flow cytometric analysis. Our study provides evidence that the Galectin-9/TIM-3 pathway plays an important role in the regulation of NK cell function, and about the modulatory role of Galectin-9 on the cytotoxicity and cytokine production of NK-92MI cells in the presence of different serum supplements. We hope that our results will aid the development of novel NK-cell-based strategies that target Galectin-9/TIM-3 checkpoint in tumors resistant to T-cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matyas Meggyes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (T.B.); (L.S.); (B.P.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3672-536001/1907
| | - David U Nagy
- Medical Centre, Cochrane Hungary, University of Pecs, 7623 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Timea Balassa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (T.B.); (L.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Krisztina Godony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Agnes Peterfalvi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 13 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Laszlo Szereday
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (T.B.); (L.S.); (B.P.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Beata Polgar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (T.B.); (L.S.); (B.P.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Corrêa MP, Areias LL, Correia-Silva RD, D’Ávila SCGP, Leopoldino AM, Greco KV, Gil CD. The Role of Galectin-9 as Mediator of Atopic Dermatitis: Effect on Keratinocytes. Cells 2021; 10:947. [PMID: 33923930 PMCID: PMC8073283 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with a variety of biological functions related to immune response. However, in allergic diseases, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. This study evaluates the expression pattern of Gal-9 in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced experimental atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice, as well as its effect on human keratinocytes. The skin of OVA-immunized BALB/c mice was challenged with drops containing OVA on days 11, 14-18, and 21-24. HaCaT cells were cultured in the following experimental conditions: control (growth medium only) or stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ, or IL-4, or IL-17 with or without Gal-9 treatment. AD was characterized by increased levels of Gal-9 in mouse and human skin, especially in the epidermis, and with a marked influx of Gal-9 positive eosinophils and mast cells compared to the control group. Gal-9 showed an immunomodulatory effect on keratinocytes by decreasing the release of IL-6 by IL-4-stimulated keratinocytes or increasing the IL-6 and RANTES levels by IL-17- or TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated cells, respectively. Under IL-17, Gal-9 treatment also altered the proliferation rate of cells. Overall, increased levels of Gal-9 in AD skin contribute to the control of inflammatory response and the proliferative process of keratinocytes, suggesting this lectin as a relevant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mab P. Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil;
| | - Libnah L. Areias
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
| | - Rebeca D. Correia-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
| | - Solange C. G. P. D’Ávila
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Forense, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Andréia M. Leopoldino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil;
| | - Karin V. Greco
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Griffin Institute, University College London (UCL), London HA13UJ, UK;
| | - Cristiane D. Gil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP 04023-900, Brazil; (L.L.A.); (R.D.C.-S.)
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Moar P, Tandon R. Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104287. [PMID: 33494007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in the nucleus, cell surface, cytoplasm and the extracellular matrix. It mediates host-pathogen interactions and regulates cell signalling via binding to its receptors. Gal-9 is involved in many physiological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, communication and death. However, recent studies have emphasized on the elevated levels of Gal-9 in autoimmune disorders, viral infections, parasitic invasion, cancer, acute liver failure, atopic dermatitis, chronic kidney disease, type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and benign infertility-related gynecological disorders. In this paper we have reviewed the potential of Gal-9 as a reliable, sensitive and non-invasive biomarker of disease severity. Tracking changes in Gal-9 levels and its implementation as a biomarker in clinical practice will be an important tool to monitor disease activity and facilitate personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Moar
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Yin J, Li L, Wang C, Zhang Y. Increased Galectin-9 expression, a prognostic biomarker of aGVHD, regulates the immune response through the Galectin-9 induced MDSC pathway after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106929. [PMID: 32889240 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding soluble lectin family member that exerts its primary biological functions via specific glycoconjugate interactions. Gal-9 expression is closely related to tumor occurrence, development, metastasis and prognosis. In transplant immunology, a high level of Gal-9 expression has been shown to markedly reduce the severity of acute graft rejection and effectively prolong survival time in organ and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models. The main mechanism of Gal-9-mediated immunoregulation involves the Tim-3/Gal-9 axis in T cells. However, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) accumulation in transgenic mice with persistently high Gal-9 expression was observed in a model of lung inflammation, indicating that a potential immunosuppressive mechanism distinct from the Gal-9/Tim-3 axis might exist. In the present study, increased Gal-9 expression and MDSC frequencies before acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) onset were observed in patients who developed aGVHD. Patients with higher Gal-9 expression (≥14.8417 ng/ml) exhibited reduced overall survival and increased cumulative incidences of GVHD at +100 day. We considered the elevated Gal-9 expression before aGVHD onset a secondary inflammatory response. This increase might be part of a negative feedback pathway corresponding to aGVHD pathogenesis. Additionally, a high Gal-9 concentration induced MDSC proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Gal-9-induced MDSCs (G9-MDSCs) suppressed T cell proliferation and activation. An infusion of G9-MDSCs into a graft contributed to the successful control of severe aGVHD and long-term survival in an allogeneic (allo)-BMT mouse model. Thus, we speculated that increased Gal-9 expression after allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential prognostic biomarker of aGVHD. The Gal-9-associated immunosuppressive effects on aGVHD development might occurr through G9-MDSCs and were independent of the Gal-9/Tim-3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Hsu YA, Chang CY, Lan JL, Li JP, Lin HJ, Chen CS, Wan L, Liu FT. Amelioration of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via TGF-β-induced Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways in galectin-9-deficient mice and fibroblast cells. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:24. [PMID: 31937306 PMCID: PMC6961390 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-0616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-9 is a β-galactoside-binding protein with two carbohydrate recognition domains. Recent studies have revealed that galectin-9 regulates cellular biological reactions and plays a pivotal role in fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of galectin-9 in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods Human galectin-9 levels in the serum of patients with SSc and mouse sera galectin-9 levels were measured by a Bio-Plex immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung fibrosis was induced using bleomycin in galectin-9 wild-type and knockout mice. The effects of galectin-9 on the fibrosis markers and signaling molecules in the mouse lung tissues and primary lung fibroblast cells were assessed with western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Galectin-9 levels in the serum were significantly higher (9-fold) in patients compared to those of healthy individuals. Galectin-9 deficiency in mice prominently ameliorated epithelial proliferation, collagen I accumulation, and α-smooth muscle actin expression. In addition, the galectin-9 knockout mice showed reduced protein expression levels of fibrosis markers such as Smad2/3, connective tissue growth factor, and endothelin-1. Differences between the wild-type and knockout groups were also observed in the AKT, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. Galectin-9 deficiency decreased the signal activation induced by transforming growth factor-beta in mouse primary fibroblasts, which plays a critical role in fibroblast activation and aberrant catabolism of the extracellular matrix. Conclusions Our findings suggest that lack of galectin-9 protects against bleomycin-induced SSc. Moreover, galectin-9 might be involved in regulating the progression of fibrosis in multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Hsu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- Rheumatology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chen
- Division of Chinese Traumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.
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Histologic comparison of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis and psoriasis vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:71-77. [PMID: 31931086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)-induced psoriasis is a paradoxic reaction characterized by the development of a psoriasiform rash that mimics idiopathic psoriasis subtypes both clinically and histologically. Few studies have investigated the histologic features of TNFi-induced psoriasis skin lesions, and most of these are limited by inclusion of few specimens. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize histologic features of TNFi-induced psoriasis and identify histologic differences between TNFi-induced psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis. METHODS We characterized 60 biopsy specimens obtained from 47 unique patients at a single tertiary care referral center between 2004 and 2016 who developed TNFi-induced psoriasis, and we compared histologic features to those of 85 biopsy specimens from a control group of 85 patients with idiopathic psoriasis. RESULTS The most common histologic reaction pattern in TNFi-induced psoriasis biopsy specimens was psoriasiform (80.0%). Five histologic parameters were significantly different in TNFi-induced psoriasis biopsy specimens compared with idiopathic psoriasis biopsy specimens: at least 3 dermal eosinophils per histologic section, neutrophils in the stratum corneum, neutrophils in the epidermis, papillary plate thinning, and absence of parakeratosis. LIMITATIONS Inability to exclude lesion selection bias as a potential reason for some significant histologic differences. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the idea that histologic differences exist between TNFi-induced psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis may help distinguish between these conditions, especially for dermal eosinophil counts of 3 or greater.
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Farag AGA, Al-Sharaky DR, Allam SS, Khaled HN. Role of Galectin-9 in Atopic Dermatitis - Is It Mediated Through E Selectin? A Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:11-19. [PMID: 32021366 PMCID: PMC6959497 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s229393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recognized T helper (Th)2, allergic, skin disease. Galectin-9 (gal-9) is a member of galectin family. It alters T-cell balance resulting in Th2 polarization. These Th2 cells yield various cytokines that may influence E selectin expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that gal-9 may have an active role in AD and this role could be mediated through E selectin. Objective To assess this hypothesis, immunohistochemical expression of gal-9 and E selectin was investigated in skin lesions, from atopic dermatitis patients, and compared. Methods Twenty-two atopic dermatitis patients and ten controls were included in this case-control study. SCORAD score was used to evaluate atopic dermatitis severity. Biopsies from skin lesions of AD patients and matched sites of controls were taken and stained immunohistochemically by gal-9 and E selectin polyclonal antibodies. Results Compared to controls, atopic dermatitis patients exhibited a significant increased gal-9 H score, percent of expression, cellular localization (P˂0.001) and intensity (P=0.04) as well as dermal cellular infiltrate (P˂0.001). Also, there were significant elevations in E selectin H score (P=0.002), percent of expression (P=0.001) and cellular localization (P<0.001) as well as dermal inflammatory infiltrates in AD cases than controls. In AD, 20 cases showed co expression of both gal-9 and E selectin in the epidermis with insignificant correlation between their H scores. Study Limitations This study only included a small number of studied subjects. Conclusion Galectin-9 and E selectin participates independently in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis, that may help in development of new therapeutic agents in atopic dermatitis management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hesham Nabil Khaled
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom, Egypt
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Fernandez‐Santamaría R, Palomares F, Salas M, Doña I, Bogas G, Ariza A, Rodriguez‐Nogales A, Plaza‐Seron MC, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Fernández TD. Expression of the Tim3-galectin-9 axis is altered in drug-induced maculopapular exanthema. Allergy 2019; 74:1769-1779. [PMID: 31034608 DOI: 10.1111/all.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced maculopapular exanthemas (MPEs) are mediated by Th1 CD4+ T cells. One of the mechanisms of control of Th1 cells in homeostasis is the interaction between the checkpoint inhibitor Tim3 and its physiological ligand galectin-9 (Gal9). Disorders affecting this axis may be responsible for various autoimmune and immunological diseases. The aim of this study was to determinate the influence of the Tim3-Gal9 axis on the development of MPE induced by drugs. METHODS Frequencies of different cell subsets and the expression of Tim3 and Gal9 were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and in skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Gal9 expression was assessed by RT-qPCR; its release was measured by multiplex assay. The effects of blocking or enhancing the Tim3-Gal9 axis on monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) maturation and T-cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of Tim3 was significantly reduced in peripheral blood Th1 cells and in the skin of MPE patients vs controls. Gal9 expression and release were significantly reduced in patient peripheral blood and moDCs, respectively. The addition of exogenous Gal9 significantly reduced Tim3+ Th1 proliferation, although Treg proliferation increased. CONCLUSION This study showed the involvement of the Tim3-Gal9 axis in MPE. The reduced expression of Tim3 in Th1 cells together with the impaired expression of Gal9 in PBMCs and DCs appears to have a role in the development of the disease. The potential of Gal9 to suppress Th1 and enhance Treg proliferation makes it a promising tool for treating these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Maria Salas
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Inmaculada Doña
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Adriana Ariza
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez‐Nogales
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Maria C. Plaza‐Seron
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
- Allergy Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga Málaga Spain
- Nanostructures for Diagnosing and Treatment of Allergic Diseases Laboratory Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND Málaga Spain
| | - Tahia D. Fernández
- Allergy Research Group Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA. Málaga Spain
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is caused by complex interactions between a variety of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the maintenance of the chronic inflammatory skin condition. Most conventional treatments have been designed for the so-called 'average patient'. In recent years however, many previously unknown details pertaining to the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AD have been elucidated, and novel treatments based on these pathological mechanisms or on subgroup classifications have been developed. Herein, how future treatment strategies for AD can be developed is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Igawa
- a Department of Dermatology , Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine , Tochigi , Japan
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Abstract
Galectins is a family of non-classically secreted, beta-galactoside-binding proteins that has recently received considerable attention in the spatio-temporal regulation of surface 'signal lattice' organization, membrane dynamics, cell-adhesion and disease therapeutics. Galectin-9 is a unique member of this family, with two non-homologous carbohydrate recognition domains joined by a linker peptide sequence of variable lengths, generating isoforms with distinct properties and functions in both physiological and pathological settings, such as during development, immune reaction, neoplastic transformations and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge on the structure, receptors, cellular targets, trafficking pathways and functional properties of galectin-9 and discuss how galectin-9-mediated signalling cascades can be exploited in cancers and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian John
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Division of Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
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Xing ZZ, Huang LY, Wu CR, You H, Ma H, Jia JD. Activated rat hepatic stellate cells influence Th1/Th2 profile in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7165-7171. [PMID: 26109802 PMCID: PMC4476877 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i23.7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) on rat Th1/Th2 profile in vitro.
METHODS: Growth and survival of activated HSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes cultured alone or together was assessed after 24 or 48 h. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then cultured with or without activated HSCs for 24 or 48 h and the proportion of Th1 [interferon (IFN)-γ+] and Th2 [interleukin (IL)-4+] cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Th1 and Th2 cell apoptosis was assessed after 24 h of co-culture using a caspase-3 staining procedure. Differentiation rates of Th1 and Th2 cells from CD4+ T lymphocytes that were positive for CD25 but did not express IFN-γ or IL-4 were also assessed after 48 h of co-culture with activated HSCs. Galectin-9 expression in HSCs was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. ELISA was performed to assess galectin-9 secretion from activated HSCs.
RESULTS: Co-culture of CD4+ T lymphocytes with activated rat HSCs for 48 h significantly reduced the proportion of Th1 cells compared to culture-alone conditions (-1.73% ± 0.71%; P < 0.05), whereas the proportion of Th2 cells was not altered; the Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased (-0.44 ± 0.13; P < 0.05). In addition, the level of IFN-γ in Th1 cells was decreased (-65.71 ± 9.67; P < 0.01), whereas the level of IL-4 in Th2 cells was increased (82.79 ± 25.12; P < 0.05) by co-culturing, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry. Apoptosis rates in Th1 (12.27% ± 0.99%; P < 0.01) and Th2 (1.71% ± 0.185%; P < 0.01) cells were increased 24 h after co-culturing with activated HSCs; the Th1 cell apoptosis rate was significantly higher than in Th2 cells (P < 0.01). Galectin-9 protein expression was significantly decreased in HSCs only 24 h after co-culturing (P < 0.05) but not after 48 h. Co-culture for 48 h significantly increased the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells; however, the increase in the proportion of Th2 cells was significantly higher than that of Th1 cells (1.85% ± 0.48%; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Activated rat HSCs lower the Th1/Th2 profile, inhibiting the Th1 response and enhancing the Th2 response, and this may be a novel pathway for liver fibrogenesis.
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Nakajima R, Miyagaki T, Oka T, Nakao M, Kawaguchi M, Suga H, Morimura S, Kai H, Asano Y, Tada Y, Kadono T, Sato S, Sugaya M. Elevated serum galectin-9 levels in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2015; 42:723-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyagaki
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomonori Oka
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Momoko Nakao
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiraku Suga
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kai
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yayoi Tada
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takafumi Kadono
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makoto Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Szalai K, Kopp T, Lukschal A, Stremnitzer C, Wallmann J, Starkl P, Vander Elst L, Saint-Remy JM, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Establishing an allergic eczema model employing recombinant house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der p 2 in BALB/c mice. Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:842-6. [PMID: 23163649 PMCID: PMC3532600 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The major house dust mite allergens Der p 1 and Der p 2 are prevalent inducers of eczema. Der p 1 is a cysteine protease disrupting epithelial barriers, whereas Der p 2 functionally mimics the LPS-binding compound MD-2 within the TLR4 complex. In this work, we tested the percutaneous sensitizing capacity of recombinant (r) Der p 1 and Der p 2 in BALB/c mice. Mice were sensitized by percutaneous application of low (10 μg/application) and high dose (100 μg) rDer p 1 or rDer p 2, or with rDer p 1 followed by rDer p 2. Allergen-specific and total IgE antibodies were determined by ELISA. Eczema of BALB/c was classified by the itching score and corresponded to erosions. Infiltrating immune cells were identified by haematoxylin/eosin and Giemsa staining for eosinophils or mast cells, CD3 staining for T lymphocytes. Percutaneous treatments with rDer p 1, but not rDer p 2-induced specific IgG1. However, cotreatment with rDer p 1 led to increase in anti-Der p 2 IgG titres. Both allergens elicited skin erosions because of scratching, thickening of the epidermis, and eosinophil and T-cell infiltration. Our data indicate that recombinant mite allergens in the absence of adjuvant are sufficient for inducing eczema in BALB/c mice. As the enzymatic activity of an allergen might be an important cofactor for specific sensitization via the skin, Der p 1 may act as adjuvant for other allergens too. The presented mouse model is suitable for investigating the mechanisms of allergic eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Szalai
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kurose Y, Wada J, Kanzaki M, Teshigawara S, Nakatsuka A, Murakami K, Inoue K, Terami T, Katayama A, Watanabe M, Higuchi C, Eguchi J, Miyatake N, Makino H. Serum galectin-9 levels are elevated in the patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:23. [PMID: 23339460 PMCID: PMC3556305 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-9 (Gal-9) induces apoptosis in activated T helper 1 (TH1) cells as a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3). Gal-9 also inhibits the G1 phase cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy in db/db mice, the hallmark of early diabetic nephropathy, by reversing the high glucose-induced up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as p27Kip1 and p21Cip1. Methods We investigated the serum levels of Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=182). Results Serum Gal-9 levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes were 131.9 ± 105.4 pg/ml and Log10Gal-9 levels significantly and positively correlated with age (r=0.227, p=0.002), creatinine (r=0.175, p=0.018), urea nitrogen (r=0.162, p=0.028) and osmotic pressure (r=0.187, p=0.014) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=−0.188, p=0.011). Log10Gal-9 levels increased along with the progression of GFR categories of G1 to G4, and they were statistically significant by Jonckheere-Terpstra test (p=0.012). Log10Gal-9 levels remained similar levels in albuminuria stages of A1 to A3. Conclusion The elevation of serum Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes is closely linked to GFR and they may be related to the alteration of the immune response and inflammation of the patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kurose
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division; School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; PA; USA
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Xing ZZ, Zhang DL, Li H, Chen H, Jia JD, Wang ZG. Rat Renal Interstitial Fibroblasts Affect the Th1/Th2 Profile In Vitro. Ren Fail 2011; 33:1025-31. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2011.618924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Chen X, Song CH, Liu ZQ, Feng BS, Zheng PY, Li P, In SH, Tang SG, Yang PC. Intestinal epithelial cells express galectin-9 in patients with food allergy that plays a critical role in sustaining allergic status in mouse intestine. Allergy 2011; 66:1038-46. [PMID: 21426359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mechanisms in sustaining the allergic hypersensitivity status in the body are unclear. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) has strong immune regulatory capacity. The present study aims to elucidate the role of Gal-9 in sustaining allergic status in the intestine. METHODS Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 20 patients with peptic ulcer and food allergy (FA). The expression of Gal-9 in intestinal tissue was examined at both protein level and mRNA level. Two coculture systems with intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and mast cells, or dendritic cells (DC) and T cells were established to investigate the source of Gal-9 in the intestine and the mechanism by which Gal-9 modulated DC's phenotyping and sustained the T helper 2 polarization. RESULTS Normal IEC showed mild expression of Gal-9 that was markedly enhanced in patients with FA. Mast cells had the capability to induce IEC to produce Gal-9 via releasing tryptase that activated the proteinase-activated receptor 2 on IEC. Gal-9 activated DC to produce TIM4 (T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain) via ligating TIM3 on DC via activating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. In a mouse FA model, blocking Gal-9 inhibited the allergic hypersensitivity status and the antigen-specific Th2 response in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS IEC-derived Gal-9 contributes to sustaining the allergic status in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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21
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Ehlayel M, Bener A, Abu Hazeima K, Al-Mesaifri F. Camel milk is a safer choice than goat milk for feeding children with cow milk allergy. ISRN ALLERGY 2011; 2011:391641. [PMID: 23724227 PMCID: PMC3658853 DOI: 10.5402/2011/391641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. Various sources of mammalian milk have been tried in CMA. Objectives. To determine whether camel milk is safer than goat milk in CMA. Methods. Prospective study conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation between April 2007 and April 2010, on children with CMA. Each child had medical examination, CBC, total IgE, cow milk-specific IgE and SPT. CMA children were tested against fresh camel and goat milks. Results. Of 38 children (median age 21.5 months), 21 (55.3%) presented with urticaria, 17 (39.5%) atopic dermatitis, 10 (26.3%) anaphylaxis. WBC was 10, 039 ± 4, 735 cells/μL, eosinophil 1, 143 ± 2, 213 cells/μL, IgE 694 ± 921 IU/mL, cow's milk-specific-IgE 23.5 ± 35.6 KU/L. Only 7 children (18.4%) tested positive to camel milk and 24 (63.2%) to goat milk. 6 (15.8%) were positive to camel, goat, and cow milks. Patients with negative SPT tolerated well camel and goat milks. Conclusions. In CMA, SPT indicates low cross-reactivity between camel milk and cow milk, and camel milk is a safer alternative than goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ehlayel
- Section of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulbari Bener
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Deptartment Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Khalid Abu Hazeima
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Expression of galectin-9 by IFN-γ stimulated human nasal polyp fibroblasts through MAPK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:259-64. [PMID: 21723260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 exhibited potent and selective eosinophil chemoattractant activity and attracted eosinophils in vitro and in vivo. Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airway characterized by the marked presence of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils. Thus, galectin-9 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The study was designed to investigate whether interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) can induce the augmentation of galectin-9 expression and induce the expression of galectin-9 in nasal polyps. We examined the correlation between galectin-9 expression and eosinophil infiltration in nasal polyps. In addition, we identified the signaling pathways involved in the elevation of galectin-9 expression in response to IFN-γ. Our data demonstrate that the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol 3 phosphate kinase (PI3K), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) may play important roles in the selective recruitment of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissues through the production of galectin-9. These findings suggest that galectin-9 expression is associated with eosinophil infiltration in polyps of patients with nasal polyposis.
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Stubbs VEL, Power C, Patel KD. Regulation of eotaxin-3/CCL26 expression in human monocytic cells. Immunology 2010; 130:74-82. [PMID: 20059579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eotaxin-3/CCL26 is an agonist for chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and a natural antagonist for CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5. CCL26 expression by non-haematopoietic cells has been well documented; however, no studies to date have demonstrated CCL26 expression by leucocytes. In this study, we investigated the ability of human monocytic cells to produce CCL26 in response to cytokines. We found that interleukin-4 (IL-4) increased the expression of CCL26 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in U937 cells, in human monocytes and in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) alone did not induce CCL26 expression, yet these pro-inflammatory cytokines synergized with IL-4 to increase CCL26 protein expression. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) was not affected by costimulation with TNF-alpha, suggesting that the synergy between IL-4 and TNF-alpha occurs at a step downstream of STAT6 activation. Co-incubation of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with IL-4 had no effect on CCL26 protein release. By contrast, pretreatment with IFN-gamma decreased total STAT6 protein, blocked IL-4-mediated STAT6 phosphorylation and decreased IL-4-mediated CCL26 mRNA expression and protein release. These data show that IL-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma regulate CCL26 synthesis in human monocytic cells, which may be important in regulating monocyte inflammatory responses.
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Igawa K, Satoh T, Yokozeki H. A therapeutic effect of STAT6 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide ointment in atopic dermatitis: a pilot study in adults. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:1124-6. [PMID: 19292714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nishi N, Yamamoto S, Ou W, Muro E, Inada Y, Hamasaki Y. Enhanced CCL26 production by IL-4 through IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of type 1 IL-4 receptor in keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:234-40. [PMID: 18774776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A Th2 cytokine, IL-4, induces various chemokines from epidermal keratinocytes which play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis. In contrast, the role of IFN-gamma, a Th1 cytokine, on eosinophilic skin inflammation is unclear. This study investigated the effects of IFN-gamma on IL-4-induced production of eotaxin-3/CCL26, a potent chemoattractant to eosinophils, in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). When the cells were stimulated with IL-4 and IFN-gamma simultaneously, IL-4-induced CCL26 production was attenuated. In contrast, prior stimulation with IFN-gamma enhanced IL-4-induced CCL26 production. NHEK constitutively expressed type 1 IL-4 receptor, and expression at the cell surface was upregulated by stimulation with IFN-gamma. This upregulation resulted in an enhanced IL-4-mediated cellular signal. These results indicate that IFN-gamma has opposite effects on IL-4-induced CCL26 production in NHEK depending on the time of exposure. Thus, changes in IL-4R expression by IFN-gamma might modulate eosinophilic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Nishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Chemical and physical stimuli trigger a cutaneous response by first inducing the main epidermal cells, keratinocytes, to produce specific mediators that are responsible for the initiation of skin inflammation. Activation modulates cell communication, namely leucocyte recruitment and blood-to-skin extravasation through the selective barrier of the vascular ECs (endothelial cells). In the present study, we describe an in vitro model which takes into account the various steps of human skin inflammation, from keratinocyte activation to the adhesion of leucocytes to dermal capillary ECs. Human adult keratinocytes were subjected to stress by exposure to UV irradiation or neuropeptides, then the conditioned culture medium was used to mimic the natural micro-environmental conditions for dermal ECs. A relevant in vitro model must include appropriate cells from the skin. This is shown in the present study by the selective reaction of dermal ECs compared with EC lines from distinct origins, in terms of leucocyte recruitment, sensitivity to stress and nature of the stress-induced secreted mediators. This simplified model is suitable for the screening of anti-inflammatory molecules whose activity requires the presence of various skin cells.
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Zuberbier T, Worm M. Allergies and the skin, an interdisciplinary approach in GA(2)LEN and EAACI activities. Allergy 2006; 61:1373-6. [PMID: 17073864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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