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Fathollahpour A, Abdi Abyaneh F, Darabi B, Ebrahimi M, Kooti W, Nasiri Kalmarzi R. Main Polymorphisms in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Gene 2023; 870:147326. [PMID: 37011853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition caused by increased bronchoconstriction in people with asthma after taking aspirin or another NSAID. Molecular analysis of the human genome has opened up new perspectives on human polymorphisms and disease. This study was conducted to identify the genetic factors that influence this disease due to its unknown genetic factors. We evaluated research studies, letters, comments, editorials, eBooks, and reviews. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for information. We used the keywords polymorphisms, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, asthma, allergy as search terms. This study included 38 studies. AERD complications were associated with polymorphisms in ALOX15, EP2, ADRB2, SLC6A12, CCR3, CRTH2, CysLTs, DPCR1, DPP10, FPR2, HSP70, IL8, IL1B, IL5RA, IL-13, IL17RA, ILVBL, TBXA2R, TLR3, HLA-DRB and HLA-DQ, HLA-DR7, HLA-DP. AERD was associated with heterogeneity in gene polymorphisms, making it difficult to pinpoint specific gene changes. Therefore, diagnosing and treating AERD may be facilitated by examining common variants involving the disease.
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Pavón-Romero GF, Ramírez-Jiménez F, Roldán-Alvarez MA, Terán LM, Falfán-Valencia R. Physiopathology and genetics in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:327-335. [PMID: 29035123 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1358776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a clinical entity characterized by hypersensitivity to aspirin leading to asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasosinusal polyposis. The pathophysiology of the disease involves disruption at the level of arachidonic acid metabolism. Therefore, genetic association studies have been focused on the genes coding this pathway. As other mechanisms involved in the genesis of the disease were elucidated, the corresponding genes were also explored. AIM To describe the association reported in the literature between gene polymorphisms involved in the pathophysiology or therapeutic processes of AERD. RESULTS There is a genetic association between polymorphisms of genes involved in the synthesis of proteins related to arachidonic acid metabolism (LTC4S, ALOX5), antigen presentation (HLA), inflammation (IL5, IL17), and aspirin metabolism (CYP2C19). CONCLUSIONS Genetic association research in AERD has evaluated studies of SNPs in metabolic pathways related to arachidonic acid. Recently, whole genome analysis strategies have allowed the detection of new genetic variants that were previously not considered. Furthermore, these studies have identified SNPs that are associated with inflammatory processes, which could serve as diagnostic markers or predictors of the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis M Terán
- a Departamento de Investigación en Inmunogenética y Alergia.,b Biomedicine In the Post-Genomic Era , Tlalpan , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- c HLA Laboratory , Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas , Mexico City , Mexico
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Walters KM, Simon RA, Woessner KM, Wineinger NE, White AA. Effect of misoprostol on patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease undergoing aspirin challenge and desensitization. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:71-76. [PMID: 28668243 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity. Diminished PGE2 regulation in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) leads to respiratory reactions on cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition. In vitro studies have found that exogenous PGE2 stabilizes inflammatory mediator release. OBJECTIVE To examine whether misoprostol (oral prostaglandin E1 analogue) use during aspirin challenge and desensitization might decrease the severity of aspirin-induced symptoms and make desensitization safer for patients with AERD. METHODS Forty-five patients undergoing aspirin challenge and/or desensitization were randomized to misoprostol (n = 30) or placebo (n = 15) and compared with a group of historical controls (n = 31). Misoprostol (200 μg) was administered at 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 4 hours after the first dose of nasal ketorolac. Measured end points included change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak nasal inspiratory flow rate (PNIF), number of treatments received for induced reactions, and adverse gastrointestinal effects. RESULTS A difference in FEV1 and PNIF reduction was detected between misoprostol and placebo (P = .03) and misoprostol and historical controls (P = .01), respectively, during nasal ketorolac challenge. No difference was detected among aspirin reactors. Among all reactors, no difference in magnitude was found for FEV1 (P = .13) or PNIF (P = .07) reduction across all 3 groups. Total treatment requirement was similar (P = .14). Patients receiving misoprostol were more likely to report adverse gastrointestinal effects (P = .02). CONCLUSION The addition of misoprostol to current aspirin challenge and/or desensitization protocols reveals no protective effect in reducing the intensity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced symptoms and is not recommended based on the findings in this study.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Th17 lymphocytes are now widely believed to be critical for the regulation of various chronic immune diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of different asthma phenotypes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RECENT FINDINGS It has been recently reported that Th17 cells and also a new population of Th17/Th2 cells accumulate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic patients, and positively correlated with airway obstruction and steroid resistance. These patients often have steroid resistant severe asthma and a predominant bronchial neutrophilic inflammation. SUMMARY Steroid resistant severe asthma with predominant bronchial neutrophilic inflammation could benefit from IL-17 targeted therapies. In this view, the definition of clinical phenotypes and inflammatory endotypes of asthma in each patient will be necessary for personalizing the therapeutic approach.
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Chan BCL, Li LF, Hu SQ, Wat E, Wong ECW, Zhang VX, Lau CBS, Wong CK, Hon KLE, Hui PCL, Leung PC. Gallic Acid Is the Major Active Component of Cortex Moutan in Inhibiting Immune Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:16388-403. [PMID: 26378505 PMCID: PMC6331828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widely prevalent and chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Penta Herbs Formula (PHF) is efficacious in improving the quality of life and reducing topical corticosteroid used in children with AD and one of the active herbs it contains is Cortex Moutan. Recent studies showed that altered functions of dendritic cells (DC) were observed in atopic individuals, suggesting that DC might play a major role in the generation and maintenance of inflammation by their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the aims of the present study were to identify the major active component(s) of Cortex Moutan, which might inhibit DC functions and to investigate their possible interactions with conventional corticosteroid on inhibiting the development of DC from monocytes. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) culture model coupled with the high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) analyses were used. Gallic acid was the major active component from Cortex Moutan which could dose dependently inhibit interleukin (IL)-12 p40 and the functional cluster of differentiation (CD) surface markers CD40, CD80, CD83 and CD86 expression from cytokine cocktail-activated moDC. Gallic acid could also lower the concentration of hydrocortisone required to inhibit the activation of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung Lap Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Long Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shui Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Elaine Wat
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Eric Chun Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Vanilla Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kam Lun Ellis Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Patrick Chi Leung Hui
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Cutaneous and Systemic Mastocytosis in Children: A Risk Factor for Anaphylaxis? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2015; 15:22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bergmann KC, Zuberbier T, Church MK. Omalizumab in the treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2015; 3:459-60. [PMID: 25648572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin K Church
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Prostaglandin E2 resistance in granulocytes from patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1692-701.e3. [PMID: 24486071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an inflammatory condition of the respiratory tract and is characterized by overproduction of leukotrienes (LT) and large numbers of circulating granulocyte-platelet complexes. LT production can be suppressed by prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). OBJECTIVE To determine if PGE(2)-dependent control of LT production by granulocytes is dysregulated in AERD. METHODS Granulocytes from well-characterized patients with and without AERD were activated ex vivo and subjected to a range of functional and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Granulocytes from subjects with AERD generated more LTB4 and cysteinyl LTs than did granulocytes from controls with aspirin-tolerant asthma and controls without asthma. When compared with controls, granulocytes from subjects with AERD had comparable levels of EP(2) protein expression and PGE(2)-mediated cAMP accumulation, yet were resistant to PGE(2)-mediated suppression of LT generation. Percentages of platelet-adherent neutrophils correlated positively with LTB4 generation and inversely with responsiveness to PGE(2)-mediated suppression of LTB(4). The PKA inhibitor H89 potentiated LTB4 generation by control granulocytes but was inactive in granulocytes from individuals with AERD and had no effect on platelet P-selectin induction. Both tonic PKA activity and levels of PKA catalytic gamma subunit protein were significantly lower in granulocytes from individuals with AERD relative to those from controls. CONCLUSIONS Impaired granulocyte PKA function in AERD may lead to dysregulated control of 5-lipoxygenase activity by PGE(2), whereas adherent platelets lead to increased production of LTs, which contributes to the features of persistent respiratory tract inflammation and LT overproduction.
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Park TJ, Kim JH, Pasaje CF, Park BL, Bae JS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Kim MK, Choi IS, Choi BW, Shin HR, Park JS, Koh I, Park CS, Shin HD. Polymorphisms of ATF6B Are Potentially Associated With FEV1 Decline by Aspirin Provocation in Asthmatics. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 6:142-8. [PMID: 24587951 PMCID: PMC3936043 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been observed to activate NF-kappaB and induce inflammatory responses such as asthma. Activating transcription factor 6β (ATF6B) is known to regulate ATFα-mediated ER stress response. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of ATF6B genetic variants with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and its major phenotype, % decline of FEV1 by aspirin provocation. Methods Four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ATF6B were genotyped and statistically analyzed in 93 AERD patients and 96 aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) as controls. Results Logistic analysis revealed that 2 SNPs (rs2228628 and rs8111, P=0.008; corrected P=0.03) and 1 haplotype (ATF6B-ht4, P=0.005; corrected P=0.02) were significantly associated with % decline of FEV1 by aspirin provocation, whereas ATF6B polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with the risk of AERD. Conclusions Although further functional and replication studies are needed, our preliminary findings suggest that ATF6B may be related to obstructive phenotypes in response to aspirin exposure in adult asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Park
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Byung-Lae Park
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seol Bae
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Taek Uh
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Inseon S Choi
- Department of Allergy, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byoung Whui Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Yongsan Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Shin
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Insong Koh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc., Seoul, Korea
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Genetic variability of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 gene in aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:494-9. [PMID: 22695889 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4 (PTGER4) is one of the four subtypes of receptors for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Overproduction of cysteinyl leukotriene in mast cells may be related with suppression of PGE2 in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity. Considering the association of PTGER4 in mast cells, urticaria- and aspirin-related disease, we hypothesized the genetic variability of PTGER4 may be associated with aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria (AICU). The case-control study was performed in 141 with AICU, 153 with aspirin-tolerant chronic urticaria (ATCU) and 174 with normal controls (NCs). PTGER4 promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism was genotyped using a primer extension method with the SNAPshot ddNTP primer extension kit. The functional variability of PTGER4 promoter polymorphism was carried out by dual-luciferase system and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in human mast cells (HMC-1). Furthermore, the effect of aspirin was performed for PTGER4 mRNA expression using real-time PCR, and PGE2 production was checked in HMC-1 cells using ELISA. AICU patients carrying GG genotype at -1254 G>A showed significantly higher frequency compared with NC (P=0.032). Similarly, the minor allele frequency, G allele was significantly higher in AICU compared with NC (P=0.031). In vitro functional study demonstrated that the -1254 G allele had lower luciferase activity (P<0.001) in HMC-1 cells. EMSA finding showed that PTGER4 -1254 G produced a specific band. Significantly decreased PTGER4 expression (P=0.008) and PGE2 production by aspirin exposure was confirmed in in vitro HMC cell line model (P=0.001). The PTGER4 -1254 G allele demonstrated a higher frequency in AICU patients and lower promoter activity with decreased expression of PTGER4 and contributes to the development of AICU.
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Corrigan CJ, Napoli RL, Meng Q, Fang C, Wu H, Tochiki K, Reay V, Lee TH, Ying S. Reduced expression of the prostaglandin E2 receptor E-prostanoid 2 on bronchial mucosal leukocytes in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1636-46. [PMID: 22418066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of aspirin-sensitive asthma (ASA). OBJECTIVE We sought to extend our previous observations implicating impaired inflammatory cell responsiveness to PGE(2) as a pathogenetic mechanism in patients with aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis to the bronchial mucosa in patients with ASA. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to enumerate inflammatory cells and their expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors 1 and 2 (CysLT(1) and CysLT(2)) and the PGE(2) receptors E-prostanoid 1 to 4 (EP(1)-EP(4)) in bronchial biopsy specimens from patients with ASA, patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma, and control subjects (n= 15 in each group). Concentrations of PGE(2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by using ELISA. The effects of PGE(2) and EP receptor agonists on CD3/CD28-stimulated cytokine production by PBMCs were measured by using ELISA. Airways responsiveness to LTD(4)in vivo was measured in asthmatic patients by means of bronchial challenge. RESULTS Compared with patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma, patients with ASA had increased bronchial mucosal neutrophil and eosinophil numbers but reduced percentages of T cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils expressing EP(2). Both groups showed increased bronchial sensitivity to inhaled LTD(4), but this did not correlate with mucosal expression of CysLT(1) or CysLT(2). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PGE(2) concentrations were comparable in all groups. In vitro PGE(2) inhibited cytokine production by PBMCs through EP(2) but not other PGE(2) receptors. CONCLUSION Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that impaired inhibition of inflammatory leukocytes by PGE(2) acting through the EP(2) receptor has a role in the pathogenesis of ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
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Higashi A, Kumlin M, Higashi N, Daham K, Gaber F, Lindeberg A, James A, Skedinger M, Delin I, Gyllfors P, Dahlén SE, Dahlén B. Challenge of isolated sputum cells supports in vivo origin of intolerance reaction to aspirin/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:299-306. [PMID: 22398682 DOI: 10.1159/000331433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no in vitro test to diagnose aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). The aim of this study was to test if challenge with aspirin of sputum cells from subjects with AIA triggers the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), known to be mediators of bronchoconstriction in AIA. METHODS Sputum induction was performed at baseline and at another visit 2 h after a lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation in 10 subjects with AIA and 9 subjects with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). The isolated sputum cells were incubated for ex vivo challenge. RESULTS Release of CysLTs by sputum cells from patients with AIA was not induced by lysine-aspirin ex vivo, neither when cells were collected at baseline nor in sputum cells recovered after lysine-aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction, whereas release of CysLTs from sputum cells was triggered by an ionophore on both occasions. However, the CysLT levels elicited by the ionophore were higher in the AIA group both at baseline (AIA vs. ATA: 3.3 vs. 1.6 ng/million cells; p < 0.05) and after the lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation (3.9 vs. 1.7 ng/million cells; p < 0.05). This difference in the amount of CysLTs released between the groups appeared to be related to the number of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Intolerance to aspirin could not be triggered in sputum cells isolated from subjects with AIA. Together with the previous inability to demonstrate intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in isolated blood cells, these results support the requirement of tissue-resident cells in the adverse reaction. However, ex vivo stimulation of sputum cells may be developed into a new test of capacity for LT release in inflammatory cells recovered from airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Higashi
- Unit of Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rolla G, Heffler E. Aspirin-exacerbated asthma: avoiding challenge is still challenging. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:213-5. [PMID: 22378070 DOI: 10.1159/000333096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Interleukin-13, but not indomethacin, increases cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in human lung macrophages. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2012:348741. [PMID: 22121385 PMCID: PMC3205618 DOI: 10.1155/2012/348741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is associated with constitutively elevated synthesis of bronchoconstrictor cysteinyl-leukotrienes, associated with increased expression of leukotriene (LT)C(4) synthase and Th2 cytokines and airway eosinophilia. We examined whether interleukin-13 can increase LTC(4) synthase gene transcription and cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in macrophages isolated from resected human lung tissue and whether an NSAID (indomethacin) can trigger further cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in these cells. Overnight culture of human lung macrophages with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) increased spontaneous and ionophore-stimulated production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes by 42% (P = 0.02) and 52% (P = 0.005), respectively, as quantified by enzyme immunoassays, but PCR gene transcription assays did not demonstrate an effect on LTC4S mRNA. The addition of indomethacin (100 μM) did not modulate cysteinyl-leukotriene production in either IL-13-treated or untreated macrophages. We conclude that while IL-13 enhances cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in human lung macrophages, it does not replicate the enhanced LTC(4) synthase expression observed in the AERD lung nor confer sensitivity to NSAIDs.
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McGhee SA. How the practice of allergy shows the promise and challenge of personalized medicine. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:3-6. [PMID: 21810545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Personalized medicine seeks to stratify therapies according to individual characteristics, and by so doing improve effectiveness and reduce complications. However, there are not many models of care that is highly stratified within a single diagnosis in this manner. One potential model is the practice of allergy, in which care is tailored to specific allergens for individual patients within the broader context of care for rhinitis or asthma. Allergists have already confronted many of the same regulatory issues anticipated for personalized medicine. The history of allergy practice also anticipates some of the patient safety concerns that may arise from tracking and using highly personalized medical information. Finally, the therapy of allergy and asthma has been at the forefront of attempts to incorporate pharmacogenomics information into patient care. Individualized therapy has always been central to the practice of allergy, and so provides a useful proving ground for personalized medicine as a concept of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A McGhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Allergy, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Bldg Rm 2115, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
CD4+ T effector lymphocytes are distinguished in different subsets on the basis of their patterns of cytokine secretion. Th1 cells, thank to IFN-γ production, are responsible for cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens, Th2 cells, through the production of IL-4, provide some degree of protection against helminthes, and Th17 cells, via IL-17, promote neutrophils recruitment for the clearance of bacteria and fungi. However, beyond their protective role, these T-helper subsets can also be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. Asthma is an inflammatory disease characterized by different clinical phenotypes. Allergic asthma is the result of an inflammatory process driven by allergen-specific Th2 lymphocytes, whereas Th17 cells are mainly involved in those forms of asthma, where neutrophils more than eosinophils, contribute to the inflammation. The identification in allergic asthma of Th17/Th2 cells, able to produce both IL-4 and IL-17, is in keeping with the observation that different clinical phenotypes can coexist in the same patient. In conclusion, a picture in which different T-cell subpopulations are active in different phase of bronchial asthma is emerging, and the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes is probably the expression of different cellular characters playing a role in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cosmi
- Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer of Research and High Education for the Development of Novel therapies, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Brown JM, Nemeth K, Kushnir-Sukhov NM, Metcalfe DD, Mezey E. Bone marrow stromal cells inhibit mast cell function via a COX2-dependent mechanism. Clin Exp Allergy 2011. [PMID: 21255158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) have a central role in the induction of allergic inflammation, such as seen in asthma, and contribute to the severity of certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The MC thus represents an important inflammatory cell, and one which has resisted therapeutic attempts to alter its role in disease. OBJECTIVE Because bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC, also known as mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs) have been reported to alter allergic inflammation in vivo, we chose to study the interaction between mouse BMSC and mouse bone marrow-derived MCs. METHODS MC degranulation, cytokine production and chemotaxis were evaluated in vitro following co-culture with BMSCs either in cell contact or a transwell. In addition, MC degranulation was assessed in vivo following administration of BMSCs in a model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and a peritoneal degranulation assay. Mechanisms of MC suppression by BMSCs were determined through use of inhibitors or antibodies to COX1, COX2, nitric oxide, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, EP1-4 receptors, TGF-β and IL-10. Lastly, we utilized either BMSCs or MCs deficient in COX1, COX2 or EP1-4 receptors to confirm the mechanisms of inhibition of MC function by BMSCs. RESULTS We discovered that BMSCs will effectively suppress specific MC functions in vitro as well as in vivo. When MCs are cocultured with BMSCs to allow cell-to-cell contact, BMSCs suppressed MC degranulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, chemokinesis and chemotaxis. Similarly, MC degranulation within mouse skin or the peritoneal cavity was suppressed following in vivo administration of BMSCs. Further, we found that these inhibitory effects were dependent on up-regulation of COX2 in BMSCs; and were facilitated through the activation of EP4 receptors on MCs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These observations support the concept that BMSCs have the ability to suppress MC activation and therefore could be the basis for a novel cell based therapeutic approach in the treatment of MC driven inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brown
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA CSDB, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Brown JM, Nemeth K, Kushnir-Sukhov NM, Metcalfe DD, Mezey E. Bone marrow stromal cells inhibit mast cell function via a COX2-dependent mechanism. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:526-34. [PMID: 21255158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) have a central role in the induction of allergic inflammation, such as seen in asthma, and contribute to the severity of certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The MC thus represents an important inflammatory cell, and one which has resisted therapeutic attempts to alter its role in disease. OBJECTIVE Because bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC, also known as mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs) have been reported to alter allergic inflammation in vivo, we chose to study the interaction between mouse BMSC and mouse bone marrow-derived MCs. METHODS MC degranulation, cytokine production and chemotaxis were evaluated in vitro following co-culture with BMSCs either in cell contact or a transwell. In addition, MC degranulation was assessed in vivo following administration of BMSCs in a model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and a peritoneal degranulation assay. Mechanisms of MC suppression by BMSCs were determined through use of inhibitors or antibodies to COX1, COX2, nitric oxide, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, EP1-4 receptors, TGF-β and IL-10. Lastly, we utilized either BMSCs or MCs deficient in COX1, COX2 or EP1-4 receptors to confirm the mechanisms of inhibition of MC function by BMSCs. RESULTS We discovered that BMSCs will effectively suppress specific MC functions in vitro as well as in vivo. When MCs are cocultured with BMSCs to allow cell-to-cell contact, BMSCs suppressed MC degranulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, chemokinesis and chemotaxis. Similarly, MC degranulation within mouse skin or the peritoneal cavity was suppressed following in vivo administration of BMSCs. Further, we found that these inhibitory effects were dependent on up-regulation of COX2 in BMSCs; and were facilitated through the activation of EP4 receptors on MCs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These observations support the concept that BMSCs have the ability to suppress MC activation and therefore could be the basis for a novel cell based therapeutic approach in the treatment of MC driven inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Brown
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA CSDB, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Palikhe NS, Kim SH, Kim JH, Losol P, Ye YM, Park HS. Role of Toll-like Receptor 3 Variants in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2010; 3:123-7. [PMID: 21461252 PMCID: PMC3062791 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2011.3.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although the mechanism of virus-induced, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is not known fully, direct activation of viral components through Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) has been suggested. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and activates nuclear factor-κB and increases interferon-γ, which signals other cells to induce airway inflammation in asthma. Considering the association of TLR3 in viral infections and AERD, we investigated whether promoter and non-synonymous variants of TLR3 were associated with AERD. Methods The three study groups, 203 with AERD, 254 with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA), and 274 normal healthy controls (NC) were recruited from Ajou University Hospital, Korea. Two polymorphisms, -299698G>T and 293391G>A [Leu412Phe], were genotyped using primer extension methods. Results Genetic associations were examined between two genetic polymorphisms of TLR3 (-299698G>T and 293391G>A [Leu412Phe]) in the three study groups. AERD patients that carried the GG genotype of 293391G>A showed a significantly lower frequency compared with ATA in both co-dominant (P=0.025) and dominant models (P=0.036). Similarly, in the minor allele frequency, the A allele was significantly higher (P=0.023) in AERD compared with ATA for this polymorphism. AERD patients who carried HT2 [GA] showed a significantly higher frequency than other haplotypes in co-dominant (P=0.02) and recessive (P=0.026) models. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the -299698G>T and 293391G>A [Leu412Phe] polymorphisms of the TLR3 gene are associated with the AERD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Department of Allergy & Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim HY, DeKruyff RH, Umetsu DT. The many paths to asthma: phenotype shaped by innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:577-84. [PMID: 20562844 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a very complex and heterogeneous disease that is characterized by airway inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR). The pathogenesis of asthma is associated with environmental factors, many cell types, and several molecular and cellular pathways. These include allergic, non-allergic and intrinsic pathways, which involve many cell types and cytokines. Animal models of asthma have helped to clarify some of the underlying mechanisms of asthma, demonstrating the importance of T helper type 2 (T(H)2)-driven allergic responses, as well as of the non-allergic and intrinsic pathways, and contributing to understanding of the heterogeneity of asthma. Further study of these many pathways to asthma will greatly increase understanding of the distinct asthma phenotypes, and such studies may lead to new therapies for this important public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. NSAIDs, Mitochondria and Calcium Signaling: Special Focus on Aspirin/Salicylates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1594-1613. [PMID: 27713319 PMCID: PMC4033999 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has long been used as an anti-pyretic and analgesic drug. Recently, much attention has been paid to the chemopreventive and apoptosis-inducing effects of NSAIDs in cancer cells. These effects have been thought to be primarily attributed to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. However, recent studies have demonstrated unequivocally that certain NSAIDs, including aspirin and its metabolite salicylic acid, exert their anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects independently of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. It is becoming increasingly evident that two potential common targets of NSAIDs are mitochondria and the Ca2+ signaling pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the roles of mitochondria and Ca2+ in the apoptosis-inducing effects as well as some side effects of aspirin, salicylates and other NSAIDs, and introducing the emerging role of L-type Ca2+ channels, a new Ca2+ entry pathway in non-excitable cells that is up-regulated in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Inoue
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisei Ra
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. L-type Ca2+ channels: a new player in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, cell activation and cell survival in immune cells. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:640-8. [PMID: 19926136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a highly versatile intracellular second messenger in many cell types, and regulates many complicated cellular processes, including cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Influx of Ca(2+) from the extracellular fluid is required for sustained elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and full activation of Ca(2+)-dependent processes. It is widely accepted that Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels are the major routes of Ca(2+) influx in electrically non-excitable cells, including hematopoietic cells, whereas voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels such as L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) serve as the principal routes of Ca(2+) entry into electrically excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. However, recent pharmacological and molecular genetic studies have revealed the existence of functional LTCCs and/or LTCC-like channels in a variety of immune cells including mast cells. In this article, we review recent advances in our understanding of Ca(2+) signaling in immune cells with a special interest in mast cells. We highlight roles for LTCCs in antigen receptor-mediated mast cell activation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Suzuki Y, Ra C. Analysis of the mechanism for the development of allergic skin inflammation and the application for its treatment: aspirin modulation of IgE-dependent mast cell activation: role of aspirin-induced exacerbation of immediate allergy. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 110:237-44. [PMID: 19609060 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08r32fm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can potentiate some acute allergies and causes adverse immunological reactions collectively referred to as aspirin intolerance, a disorder that induces urticaria, asthma, and anaphylaxis in response to oral administration of the drug. Aspirin also potentiates some acute allergies such as food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA), a food allergy induced by physical exercise. The anti-inflammatory actions as well as the adverse immunological effects have been thought to be primarily due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that mechanisms unrelated to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis are involved. One key feature of aspirin intolerance is the overproductions of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs), in which mast cells have been implicated to play a role. In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge about the regulatory mechanisms of LTC(4) secretion in mast cells and its modulation by aspirin, with a special emphasis on the role of Ca(2+) signals. We also introduced our recent findings that mast cells express dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) and that Ca(2+) channels of this kind mediate aspirin modulation of LTC(4) secretion in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
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Abstract
Aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease (ASRD) is a condition characterized by persistent and often severe inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Patients develop chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, and asthma. The ingestion of aspirin and other cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors induces exacerbations of airway disease that may be life-threatening. Thus, aspirin sensitivity is a phenotypic marker for the syndrome, yet nearly all affected individuals can be desensitized by the administration of graded doses of aspirin, leading to long-term clinical benefits. Patients with aspirin sensitivity are often able to tolerate selective COX-2 inhibitors. The pathogenesis of ASRD is underpinned by abnormalities in eicosanoid biosynthesis and eicosanoid receptor expression coupled with intense mast cell and eosinophilic infiltration of the entire respiratory tract. This review focuses on the molecular, cellular, and biochemical abnormalities characterizing ASRD and highlights unanswered questions in the literature and potential future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie P Farooque
- King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, England
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Togo K, Suzuki Y, Yoshimaru T, Inoue T, Terui T, Ochiai T, Ra C. Aspirin and salicylates modulate IgE-mediated leukotriene secretion in mast cells through a dihydropyridine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx. Clin Immunol 2009; 131:145-56. [PMID: 19144570 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may potentiate some acute allergies and causes adverse immunological reactions collectively referred to as aspirin intolerance. Aspirin intolerance is accompanied by increased leukotriene (LT) synthesis, and high levels of serum IgE are a risk factor for NSAID sensitivity. Here we demonstrate that aspirin modulates LTC(4) secretion in mast cells. Therapeutic levels of aspirin and salicylates (<or=0.3 mM, i.e., the concentrations observed in vivo in the use of antipyretic analgesic) increased IgE-mediated LTC(4) secretion. Aspirin-induced stimulation was accompanied by increased Ser-505 phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2), which occurred independently of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Aspirin also increased IgE-mediated Ca(2+) influx, whereas aspirin at concentrations of >or=0.3 mM dose-dependently reduced Ca(2+) store emptying and Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channel activation. Instead, aspirin facilitated a dihydropyridine receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx, resulting in increased LTC(4) secretion. This novel action of aspirin may play roles in exacerbation of immediate allergy and aspirin intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Togo
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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