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Hu Y, Chen Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Guo C, Yu Z, Xu P, Sun L, Zhou X, Gong Y, Yu Q, Shi Y. Dysregulated Peripheral Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Plaque Psoriasis Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:799560. [PMID: 35186952 PMCID: PMC8850372 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.799560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common immune-mediated skin disease that involves T-cell-mediated immunity. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subpopulation that share properties and express surface markers of both NK cells and T cells. Previous reports indicate that iNKT cells regulate the development of various inflammatory diseases. IL-17 is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and a key therapeutic target. Secukinumab is a fully human IgG1κ antibody that targets IL-17A, thereby antagonizing the biological effects of IL-17. Objective: To explore the expression of iNKT cells in psoriasis patients and the effect of secukinumab on them. Methods: We examined the frequencies of iNKT cells, Tregs, naïve and memory CD4+and CD8+T cells in the PBMCs as well as their cytokine production in a cohort of 40 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and 40 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. We further collected peripheral blood of another 15 moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients who were treated with secukinumab and evaluated the proportion of iNKT cells in the PBMCs at baseline and week 12. Results: The frequencies of conventional CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Tregs in the PBMCs were comparable between psoriasis patients and healthy controls, but the frequencies of Th17 cells, Tc1 cells and Tc17 cells were increased in psoriasis patients. The frequency of peripheral iNKT cells and CD69+iNKT cells was significantly decreased in psoriasis patients. Both iNKT2 cells and iNKT17 cells were increased in psoriasis patients, but the ratio of iNKT2 cells vs iNKT17 cells was significantly reduced in psoriasis patients. After receiving secukinumab, the proportion of iNKT cells in the PBMCs of patients was increased, while the proportion of iNKT17 cells was decreased. Conclusion: Dysregulated iNKT cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and secukinumab may play a regulatory role on iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youdong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ChunYuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ZengYang Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Yu, ; Yuling Shi,
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Yu, ; Yuling Shi,
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Leadbetter EA, Karlsson MCI. Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:93-107. [PMID: 33438287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate rapid immune responses which bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. Both types of important iNKT immune responses are mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cells. As such, iNKT cells sit at the decision-making fulcrum between regulating inflammatory or autoreactive B cells and supporting protective or regulatory B cell populations. iNKT cells interpret the signals in their environment to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, with outcomes ranging from getting licensed to maintain homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg ) or being activated to become an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH ) cell supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells. Here we review iNKT and B cell cooperation across the spectrum of immune outcomes, including during allergy and autoimmune disease, tumor surveillance and immunotherapy, or pathogen defense and vaccine responses. Because of their key role as influencers, iNKT cells provide a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, depending on the circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lipińska-Opałka A, Tomaszewska A, Kubiak JZ, Kalicki B. Vitamin D and Immunological Patterns of Allergic Diseases in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:E177. [PMID: 33435598 PMCID: PMC7827421 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, in addition to its superior role as a factor regulating calcium-phosphate metabolism, shows wide effects in other processes in the human body, including key functions of the immune system. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. In our study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between vitamin D content and the clinical course of allergic diseases as well as establish their immunological parameters in children. We found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the group of children with an allergic disease than in the control group (p = 0.007). Statistically significant higher vitamin D concentrations in blood were observed in the group of children with a mild course of the disease compared to children with a severe clinical course (p = 0.03). In the group of children with vitamin D deficiency, statistically significant lower percentages of NKT lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes were detected compared to the group of children without deficiency (respectively, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05), which highlights a potential weakness of the immune system in these patients. Furthermore, statistically higher levels of interleukin-22 were observed in the group of children with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01), suggesting a proinflammatory alert state. In conclusion, these results confirm the positive relationship between the optimal content of vitamin D and the lesser severity of allergic diseases in children, establishing weak points in the immune system caused by vitamin D deficiency in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka
- Pediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Agata Tomaszewska
- Pediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
- Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes 1, UMR 6290, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Bolesław Kalicki
- Pediatric, Nephrology and Allergology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.); (B.K.)
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Reading the room: iNKT cells influence B cell responses. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:49-54. [PMID: 33360376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapid immune responses regulated by invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens, while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. iNKT immune protection and immune regulation are both mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cell populations that express CD1d. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the position of iNKT cells at the fulcrum between regulating inflammatory and autoreactive B cells. Environmental signals influence iNKT cells to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, ranging from maintaining homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg) or supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells as an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH). Here we review recent advances in iNKT and B cell cooperation during autoimmunity and sterile inflammation. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, across a range of indications.
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Polese B, Zhang H, Thurairajah B, King IL. Innate Lymphocytes in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32153574 PMCID: PMC7047158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a fundamental component of our host defense system that provides a dynamic physical and chemical barrier against pathogen invasion and environmental insults. Cutaneous barrier function is mediated by complex interactions between structural cells such as keratinocytes and diverse lineages of immune cells. In contrast to the protective role of these intercellular interactions, uncontrolled immune activation can lead to keratinocyte dysfunction and psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2% of the global population. Despite some differences between human and murine skin, animal models of psoriasiform inflammation have greatly informed clinical approaches to disease. These studies have helped to identify the interleukin (IL)-23-IL-17 axis as a central cytokine network that drives disease. In addition, they have led to the recent description of long-lived, skin-resident innate lymphocyte and lymphoid cells that accumulate in psoriatic lesions. Although not completely defined, these populations have both overlapping and unique functions compared to antigen-restricted αβ T lymphocytes, the latter of which are well-known to contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the diversity of innate lymphocytes and lymphoid cells found in mammalian skin with a special focus on αβ T cells, Natural Killer T cells and Innate Lymphoid cells. In addition, we discuss the effector functions of these unique leukocyte subsets and how each may contribute to different stages of psoriasis. A more complete understanding of these cell types that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system will hopefully lead to more targeted therapies that mitigate or prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polese
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bavanitha Thurairajah
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Yip KH, Papadopoulos M, Pant H, Tumes DJ. The role of invariant T cells in inflammation of the skin and airways. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:401-410. [PMID: 30989319 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Invariant and semi-invariant T cells are emerging as important regulators of host environment interactions at barrier tissues such as the airway and skin. In contrast to conventional T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express T cell receptors of very limited diversity. iNKT and MAIT cells recognise antigens presented by the MHC class 1-like monomorphic molecules CD1d and MR1, respectively. Both iNKT cells and MAIT cells have been identified in the skin and airways and can rapidly produce cytokines after activation. Numerous studies have implicated iNKT cells in the pathology of both skin and airway disease, but conflicting evidence in human disease means that more studies are necessary to resolve the exact roles of iNKT in inflammation. The functions of MAIT cells in skin and lung inflammation are even less well defined. We herein describe the current literature on iNKT and MAIT cells in allergic and non-allergic skin diseases (dermatitis and psoriasis) and airway diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Ho Yip
- Centre for Cancer Biology, The University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Magdalene Papadopoulos
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Harshita Pant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, The University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, The University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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7
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Zhou M, Sui H. Effect of total glucosides of paeony on the changes of IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels in eczema mouse model serum. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1545-1550. [PMID: 30783420 PMCID: PMC6364213 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of total glucosides of paeony on the changes of IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels in eczema mouse model serum was investigated. A total of 38 KM mice of SPF grade were divided into 3 groups: the control group (n=10), the model group (n=15) and the treatment group (n=13). The pathological model of chronic eczema in mouse right ear was induced using dinitrochlorobenzene acetone solution. Two ears of mice in the control group and the left ear of mice in the model and treatment groups were smeared with acetone as control. The mice in the treatment group were treated by administration with total glucoside of paeony. The changes of IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels were measured using caudal vein blood collection. The mouse ear weight was measured and the relationship among IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels, ear thickness and treatment time was analyzed. Mouse ear thickness in the model group was higher than that in the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The weight of the mouse right ear in the model and treatment groups was significantly higher than that of the left ear (P<0.05). Furthermore, The IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels of mice in the model group were higher than that in the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels of mice in the model and treatment groups increased compared to that before modeling (P<0.05). The IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels of mice were positively correlated with ear thickness in the model group (r=0.865, P=0.002; r=0.833, P=0.009). In addition, the IL-4 level of mice was positively correlated with the ICAM-1 level in the model group (r=0.812, P=0.014). Finally, IL-4 and ICAM-1 may be involved in the pathologic process of chronic eczema. Therefore, the study showed that the total glucosides of paeony may play a role in the treatment of chronic eczema by regulating the IL-4 and ICAM-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212300, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Sui
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212300, P.R. China
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The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:8197937. [PMID: 30046564 PMCID: PMC6038587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8197937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lineage of T cells which express both the T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) cell markers. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bear an invariant TCR and recognize a small variety of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d (nonclassical MHC-I). CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a derivative of the marine sponge, is a potent stimulator of iNKT cells and has been proposed as a therapeutic iNKT cell activator. Invariant NKT cells have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Animal models of SLE have shown abnormalities in iNKT cells numbers and function, and an inverse correlation between the frequency of NKT cells and IgG levels has also been observed. The role of iNKT cells in autoimmune liver disease (AiLD) has not been extensively studied. This review discusses the current data with regard to iNKT cells function in AiLD, in addition to providing an overview of iNKT cells function in other autoimmune conditions and animal models. We also discuss data regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on iNKT cells, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target, given that deficiencies in vitamin D have been reported in various autoimmune disorders.
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Yin J, Yoon SH, Ahn HS, Lee MW. Inhibitory Activity of Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin in BALB/c Mouse through Oral Administration of Fermented Barks of Alnus sibirica. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020450. [PMID: 29463011 PMCID: PMC6017565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical isolation of fermented Alnus sibirica (FAS) which was produced by using Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, exhibited multiple and different composition compared with the original plant. Anti-allergic contact dermatitis (anti-ACD)/anti-atopic dermatitis (anti-AD) activities (visual observation and regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines and IgE in blood) of FAS and the barks of Alnus sibirica extract (AS) and the two diarylheptanoids, hirsutenone (1) and muricarpon B (2), which are major components of FAS, were measured in vitro and in vivo. FAS, AS and the two compounds showed potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-ACD and anti-AD activity. In particular, FAS showed more potent biological activity than AS. Thus, fermentation might be a prominent way to enhance the biological activity compared with the original plant. In addition, compounds (1) and (2) might be developed as functional materials or herbal medicines for ACD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Seong Hye Yoon
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Hye Shin Ahn
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Min Won Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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Heratizadeh A, Werfel T. Anti-inflammatory therapies in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2016; 71:1666-1675. [PMID: 27735066 DOI: 10.1111/all.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial and complex. Consequently, clinical signs and symptoms vary strongly depending on individually relevant trigger factors and the stage of the disease. So far, treatment of AD was commonly limited to topical treatment or, in more severe cases, to systemic drugs mostly approved for other indications than AD. However, emerging data on new anti-inflammatory agents have been published in the recent years. As these new substances specifically focus on immune responses in AD, these are partially considered as possible 'breakthrough' in the treatment of AD. Therapeutic strategies of the future appear to be 'customized' for inflammation in AD as they target pro-inflammatory, highly relevant cytokines and cytokine receptors, such as IL-4Rα, IL-13, IL-31, and IL-17. Further innovative therapeutic approaches aim to block the function of relevant molecules such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, chemoattractant-receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 lymphocytes (CRTh2), and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors. Recently, anti-inflammatory effects in AD by antagonizing the histamine (H)-4 receptor have also been detected. Finally, specific immunotherapy is under further investigation as treatment option for AD patients with clinically relevant sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Heratizadeh
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - T. Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research; Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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May RD, Fung M. Strategies targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in disease. Cytokine 2016; 75:89-116. [PMID: 26255210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 are pleiotropic Th2 cytokines produced by a wide variety of different cell types and responsible for a broad range of biology and functions. Physiologically, Th2 cytokines are known to mediate host defense against parasites but they can also trigger disease if their activities are dysregulated. In this review we discuss the rationale for targeting the IL-4/IL-13 axes in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, COPD, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease and fibrotic disease as well as evaluating the associated clinical data derived from blocking IL-4, IL-13 or IL-4 and IL-13 together.
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12
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Fsadni C, Fsadni P, Fava S, Montefort S. Association of prevalence of rhinitis, atopic eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis and wheezing with mortality from infectious diseases and with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level. Asia Pac Allergy 2015; 5:145-55. [PMID: 26240791 PMCID: PMC4521163 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2015.5.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was previously reported that there is a positive correlation between incidence of type 1 diabetes and prevalence of asthma and atopic eczema. A negative correlation between the prevalence of type 1 diabetes and mortality from infectious diseases as well as a positive correlation with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level have also been reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between country prevalence of rhinitis, atopic eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis, and wheezing with mortality from infectious diseases and also with antibiotic susceptibility at a country level. METHODS Data for prevalence of rhinitis, eczema, rhinoconjunctivitis, and wheezing was obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood study (ISAAC). ISAAC Phase one was a multicentre multicountry cross sectional study involving over 700,000 children in 2 age groups of school children, 13-14 years old (adolescents) and 6-7 years old (children) in 156 centres from 56 countries. Mortality from infectious diseases was taken from World Health Organisation data. The Alexander project was used to identify antibiotic susceptibilities to common bacteria. RESULTS There were significant positive correlations between atopic eczema and mortality from all infectious diseases studied, diarrhoeal illness, tropical infections, and childhood infections. A negative correlation exists between the prevalence of rhinitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to penicillin and to erythromycin, rhinitis and Haemophilus influenzae susceptibility to ampicillin and between rhinoconjunctivitis and H. influenzae susceptibility to ampicillin. CONCLUSION Th1/Th2 responses might influence the pathogenesis of infectious disease mortality, while antibiotic overprescription could explain the negative association between atopy and antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fsadni
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta. ; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Peter Fsadni
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta. ; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Stephen Fava
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta. ; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
| | - Stephen Montefort
- Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta. ; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD 2090, Malta
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Mommert S, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Stark H, Gutzmer R, Werfel T. The histamine H4 receptor regulates chemokine production in human natural killer cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:225-30. [PMID: 25924652 DOI: 10.1159/000381340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells have been detected in the lesional skin of patients with inflammatory skin diseases, where high levels of histamine are also present. Therefore, we investigated the effect of histamine, in particular via the histamine H4 receptor (H4R), on gene expression levels in human NK cells. METHODS Comprehensive microarray-based mRNA expression profiling was performed to assess the gene expression levels in human NK cells in response to H4R stimulation in an unbiased approach. The expression of selected cytokines and chemokines was quantified by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The microarray analysis identified only few genes which were differentially regulated upon H4R stimulation. In follow-up studies, a significant upregulation of CCL3 and CCL4 at the mRNA level and in addition for CCL3 also at the protein level via the H4R was observed. CONCLUSION The elevated expression levels of chemokines in response to H4R stimulation might foster the inflammation in allergic skin diseases and characterize the H4R as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Mommert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation by phospholipid-conjugates of a TLR7 ligand in a Myc-induced hyperplastic actinic keratosis model in the absence of systemic side effects. Eur J Dermatol 2014; 23:618-28. [PMID: 24225049 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2013.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activator imiquimod (IMQ) is safe and effective in treating actinic keratosis; however, an intermittent treatment regimen is necessary because of excessive local reactions. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro potency, pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics, toxicity and efficacy in vivo of the newly developed TLR7 ligand-phospholipid conjugate, TMX-202, in a gel formulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of TMX-202 were assessed both in vitro on a murine macrophage cell line and in primary bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and in vivo on mice (C57BL/6-wild type, Myd88(-/-) and Tlr7(-/-)). RESULTS TMX-202 was more potent than IMQ in vitro using murine and human cells. In contrast, in vivo it showed less systemic pro-inflammatory activity and better safety than IMQ. Moreover, the TMX-202 gel formulation exhibited at least comparable efficacy to Aldara in a mouse model for skin proliferative diseases. CONCLUSION TMX-202 is safe and efficacious without causing excessive adverse effects, suggesting that it may be an alternative to Aldara for the treatment of proliferative skin conditions.
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Kono F, Honda T, Aini W, Manabe T, Haga H, Tsuruyama T. Interferon-γ/CCR5 expression in invariant natural killer T cells and CCL5 expression in capillary veins of dermal papillae correlate with development of psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:1048-55. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Kono
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University Hospital; 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - T. Honda
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University Hospital; 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - W. Aini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University Hospital; 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - T. Manabe
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Pathology; Shiga Medical Centre for Adults; 5-4-3 Moriyama City Shiga 524-8524 Japan
| | - H. Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University Hospital; 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - T. Tsuruyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University Hospital; 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
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McKee SJ, Mattarollo SR, Leggatt GR. Immunosuppressive roles of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the skin. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:49-54. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru0114-001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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17
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Shigematsu H, Kumagai K, Kobayashi H, Eguchi T, Kitaura K, Suzuki S, Horikawa T, Matsutani T, Ogasawara K, Hamada Y, Suzuki R. Accumulation of metal-specific T cells in inflamed skin in a novel murine model of chromium-induced allergic contact dermatitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85983. [PMID: 24465826 PMCID: PMC3896422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) causes delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions possibly mediated by accumulating T cells into allergic inflamed skin, which are called irritants or allergic contact dermatitis. However, accumulating T cells during development of metal allergy are poorly characterized because a suitable animal model is not available. This study aimed to elucidate the skewing of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and cytokine profiles in accumulated T cells in inflamed skin during elucidation of Cr allergy. A novel model of Cr allergy was induced by two sensitizations of Cr plus lipopolysaccharide solution into mouse groin followed by single Cr challenge into the footpad. TCR repertoires and nucleotide sequences of complementary determining region 3 were assessed in accumulated T cells from inflamed skin. Cytokine expression profiles and T-cell phenotypes were determined by qPCR. CD3+CD4+ T cells accumulated in allergic footpads and produced increased T helper 1 (Th1) type cytokines, Fas, and Fas ligand in the footpads after challenge, suggesting CD4+ Th1 cells locally expanded in response to Cr. Accumulated T cells included natural killer (NK) T cells and Cr-specific T cells with VA11-1/VB14-1 usage, suggesting metal-specific T cells driven by invariant NKT cells might contribute to the pathogenesis of Cr allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shigematsu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kumagai
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toshiba Rinkan Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitaura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Satsuki Suzuki
- Section of Biological Science, Research Center for Odontology, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Horikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaji Matsutani
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
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Hofmann SC, Bosma A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Vukmanovic-Stejic M, Jury EC, Isenberg DA, Mauri C. Invariant natural killer T cells are enriched at the site of cutaneous inflammation in lupus erythematosus. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:22-8. [PMID: 23664188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with a numerical and functional reduction of peripheral blood (PB) invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Limited information exists on the role of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus. OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency and phenotype of iNKT cells in PB and dermal infiltrates from patients with SLE, subacute-cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). METHODS PB was obtained from 23 SLE, 6 SCLE, and 11 DLE patients, and from 30 healthy controls. iNKT cell frequency and CCR4/CCR6 surface expression were assessed by flow cytometry. The frequency and phenotype of skin infiltrating Vα24(+)Vβ11(+) iNKT cells were investigated by immunofluorescence in lesional biopsies from 20 patients, unaffected skin from 3 patients, and from 6 healthy controls. RESULTS Lupus erythematosus patients displayed significantly lower percentages of circulating CD3(+)6B11(+) iNKT cells compared to healthy controls. Whereas CCR6 expression on iNKT cells was enhanced in active SLE patients regardless of cutaneous involvement compared to healthy controls, CCR4 was exclusively increased in patients with active cutaneous lesions. Furthermore, iNKT cells were significantly enriched in lesional skin of SLE and DLE patients, but not in unaffected skin of lupus patients. The majority of lesional iNKT cells expressed IFN-γ and CCR4. CONCLUSION The deficiency in circulating iNKT cells in cutaneous lupus erythematosus is associated with an increase of iNKT cells at the site of cutaneous inflammation. These data underscore the importance of analyzing iNKT cells not only in PB, but also in the target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke C Hofmann
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, UK.
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Balato A, Zhao Y, Harberts E, Groleau P, Liu J, Fishelevich R, Gaspari AA. CD1d-dependent, iNKT-cell cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in allergic contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:915-20. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | | | - Patricia Groleau
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | - Rita Fishelevich
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
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Malmhäll C, Bossios A, Rådinger M, Sjöstrand M, Lu Y, Lundbäck B, Lötvall J. Immunophenotyping of circulating T helper cells argues for multiple functions and plasticity of T cells in vivo in humans--possible role in asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40012. [PMID: 22768198 PMCID: PMC3386921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune process driving eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma is likely driven by different subsets of T helper (Th) cells. Recently, in vitro studies and animal studies suggest that Th cell subsets displays plasticity by changing their transcription factor or by expressing multiple transcription factors. Our aim was to determine whether individuals with asthma and elevated circulating eosinophils express signs of different regulatory immune mechanisms compared with asthmatics with low blood eosinophils and non-asthmatic control subjects. In addition, determine the relationship between eosinophilia and circulating Th cell subsets. Methodology/Principal findings Participants were selected from a random epidemiological cohort, the West Sweden Asthma Study. Immunophenotypes of fresh peripheral blood cells obtained from stable asthmatics, with and without elevated eosinophilic inflammation (EOS high and EOS low respectively) and control subjects, were determined by flow cytometry. No differences in the number of Th1 (T-bet), Th2 (GATA-3), Th17 (RORγt) or Treg (FOXP3) cells were observed between the groups when analysing each subset separately. However, in all groups, each of the Th subsets showed expression of additional canonical transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt and FOXP3. Furthermore, by in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 there was a significant increase of single expressing GATA-3+ and co-expressing T-bet+GATA-3+ cells in the EOS high asthmatics in comparison with control subjects. In addition, T-bet−GATA-3+RORγt+FOXP3+ were decreased in comparison to the EOS low asthmatics. Finally, in a group of control subjects we found that the majority of proliferating Th cells (CD4+CD25+Ki67+) expressed three or four transcription factors. Conclusions The ability of human Th cells to express several regulatory transcription factors suggests that these cells may display plasticity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sjöstrand
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - You Lu
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Gros E, Petzold S, Maintz L, Bieber T, Novak N. Reduced IFN-γ receptor expression and attenuated IFN-γ response by dendritic cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:1015-21. [PMID: 21774972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a predominance of T(H)2 immune reactions but weaker T(H)1 immune responses in acute skin lesions. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether enhanced T(H)2 immunity in patients with AD might impair T(H)1 immune responses by affecting the IFN-γ responsiveness of antigen-presenting cells, we investigated IFN-γ receptor and IL-4 receptor α chain expression, IFN-γ signaling, and the expression of IFN-γ-responsive mediators in dendritic cells (DCs) and their precursors from patients with AD compared with those from healthy subjects. METHODS Skin biopsy specimens were obtained and both monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) from patients with AD (n = 86) and control subjects (n = 84) were analyzed by means of flow cytometry, real-time PCR, ELISA, and HPLC. RESULTS We observed lower IFN-γ receptor II expression combined with higher IL-4 receptor α chain expression on epidermal DCs, monocytes, and MoDCs from patients with AD. Induction of IFN-γ-inducible factors, such as interferon regulatory factor 1, interferon-inducible protein 10, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, was attenuated in IFN-γ-pulsed MoDCs from patients with AD. Weaker signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation mirrored by lower phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 levels in response to IFN-γ stimulation could be observed in epidermal DCs, monocytes, and MoDCs from patients with AD. CONCLUSION Impaired IFN-γ signaling together with attenuated IFN-γ responses in DCs and their precursor cells might contribute to the T(H)2 bias in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gros
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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Gutowska-Owsiak D, Schaupp AL, Salimi M, Taylor S, Ogg GS. Interleukin-22 downregulates filaggrin expression and affects expression of profilaggrin processing enzymes. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:492-8. [PMID: 21564072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of filaggrin mutations has contributed towards our understanding of hereditary factors associated with epidermal dysfunction observed in individuals with atopic eczema (AE). However, factors that predispose to acquired filaggrin modulation are not well understood. Interleukin (IL)-22 is upregulated in lesional AE tissue, but its effects on filaggrin expression and genes associated with epidermal function have not yet been comprehensively addressed. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of IL-22 on expression of filaggrin and genes encoding proteins relevant to epidermal function. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed on IL-22-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. Filaggrin protein level was assessed by an intracellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot in HaCaT cells and the findings were validated in primary keratinocytes. RESULTS Exposure to IL-22 cytokine resulted in a downregulation of profilaggrin mRNA expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. The expression of genes involved in enzymatic processing of profilaggrin as well as the generation of natural moisturizing factor was also altered. Furthermore, there was an upregulation of many transcripts encoding proteins of the S100 family. Profilaggrin/filaggrin downregulation was detected by intracellular ELISA and Western blot in HaCaT cells. The relevance to the primary setting was confirmed in primary keratinocytes by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 downregulates profilaggrin/filaggrin expression in keratinocytes at both mRNA and protein levels and affects genes relevant to epidermal function. This novel pathway may have relevance to the pathogenesis and treatment of atopic and other skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gutowska-Owsiak
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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Gyimesi E, Nagy G, Remenyik É, Sipka S, Zeher M, Bíró T, Szegedi A. Altered peripheral invariant natural killer T cells in atopic dermatitis. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:864-72. [PMID: 21691938 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting data exist on the number of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells in atopic dermatitis (AD); furthermore, no data have been published on their functional capacity. METHODS The frequency and number of circulating CD3+6B11+ iNKT cells and their CD4+ and CD4- subpopulations were evaluated in peripheral blood obtained from 41 patients with AD by four-color flow cytometry. Likewise, functional properties of iNKT cells were measured by five-color intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS The number and percentage of total iNKT cells and their CD4/CD8 subpopulations were significantly lower than the controls. Of further importance, the CD4-CD8- (double negative, DN) iNKT subgroup showed the strongest positive correlation with total iNKT cells. In addition, the DN subgroup exhibited the most pronounced functional alteration with significantly decreased levels of intracellular IFNγ and significantly increased levels of intracellular IL-4 in AD patients compared with the controls. CONCLUSION The significantly altered number and cytokine production of iNKT cells from AD patients suggests that these cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Gyimesi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Móricz Zs str. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Jin YY, Wei Zhao, Cao RM, Xi Wang, Wu SM, Chen TX. Characterization of immunocompetent cells in human milk of Han Chinese. J Hum Lact 2011; 27:155-62. [PMID: 21393505 DOI: 10.1177/0890334410392041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunocompetent cells in colostrum and mature breast milk (42 days after delivery) of 64 Chinese females of Han ethnic background were characterized. The total cell numbers in colostrum and mature breast milk were 593 ± 205 × 10(6)/L and 1.74 ± 0.97 × 10(6)/L, respectively. NK cell is the predominant lymphocyte subtype (12.69%). T cells in colostrum express CD40L and CD25 without stimulation, indicating memory T cells in nature. The CD45RA( +)CD45RO(+) subsets of CD4(+) T cells are present in both colostrum and mature human milk. The percentage of NK cells and the absolute number of CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells in colostrum of atopic mothers were significantly lower than those of mothers without atopy (P = .006 and .026, respectively). The absolute numbers of CD4( +) T lymphocytes and their expression of CD40L were significantly reduced in breast milk of mothers who had undergone cesarean section versus vaginal delivery (P < .05), indicating that atopy and cesarean delivery are associated with the phenotypes of lymphocytes in colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The pathology of atopic dermatitis is orchestrated on the cellular level by several different cell types in the characteristic skin lesions. In such lesions, histamine as a mediator of many biological functions is also present in high concentrations. Most of the cells involved in the inflammatory responses express the histamine H1 and H2 receptors, but drugs targeting these receptors are not clinically effective. The discovery of the fourth histamine receptor, which is differentially expressed on immune and nonimmune cells, has shed new light on the actions of histamine in the complexity of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we describe a possible genetic impact on the expression level of the histamine H4 receptor and summarize the current data regarding the activity of the histamine H4 receptor on the key effector cells in atopic dermatitis. We do so in the context of whether the histamine H4 receptor offers a novel target for effective treatments of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Hennino A, Jean-Decoster C, Giordano-Labadie F, Debeer S, Vanbervliet B, Rozières A, Schmitt AM, Nicolas JF. CD8+ T cells are recruited early to allergen exposure sites in atopy patch test reactions in human atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1064-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vu AT, Baba T, Chen X, Le TA, Kinoshita H, Xie Y, Kamijo S, Hiramatsu K, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Takai T. Staphylococcus aureus membrane and diacylated lipopeptide induce thymic stromal lymphopoietin in keratinocytes through the Toll-like receptor 2–Toll-like receptor 6 pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:985-93, 993.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin-activated invariant natural killer T cells trigger an innate allergic immune response in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:290-9, 299.e1-4. [PMID: 20624642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, the role of iNKT cells in atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been well evaluated. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether iNKT cells in patients with AD increased and whether iNKT cells were activated by thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is highly expressed in keratinocytes of AD. METHODS We assessed the population of iNKT cells in PBMCs of patients with AD and healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate iNKT cells and TSLP expression in AD and HC skin. We also evaluated whether iNKT cells expressed the TSLP receptor, the effects of TSLP on iNKT cells, and iNKT cell-dendritic cell interactions in a TSLP-rich environment. RESULTS There were more iNKT cells among PBMCs of patients with moderate to severe AD than mild AD (P < .05) and HC (P < .001). The number of iNKT cells was significantly larger in severe AD skin lesions than in mild (P < .001) or moderate AD skin lesions (P < .05). TSLP expression increased in lesional skin (P < .001) but not in the sera of patients with AD (P = .729) compared with HC. iNKT cells expressed TSLP receptor protein and mRNA. TSLP directly activated iNKT cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-13, and the concurrent addition of dendritic cells further activated IFN-gamma expression. CONCLUSION Increased iNKT cells activated by TSLP, especially in patients with severe AD, might play an essential role in the innate allergic immune response in AD.
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Jang GC. Natural killer T cell and pathophysiology of asthma. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2010. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2010.53.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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