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Tehrani Fateh S, Mohammad Zadeh N, Salehpour S, Hashemi-Gorji F, Omidi A, Sadeghi H, Mirfakhraie R, Moghimi P, Keyvanfar S, Mohammadi Sarvaleh S, Miryounesi M, Ghasemi MR. Comprehensive review and expanding the genetic landscape of Cornelia-de-Lange spectrum: insights from novel mutations and skin biopsy in exome-negative cases. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:20. [PMID: 38216990 PMCID: PMC10787426 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the literature on CdLS and investigate two cases of CdLS with distinct phenotypes that underwent WES to aid in their diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on CdLS along with performing whole-exome sequencing on two CdLS patients with distinct phenotypes, followed by Sanger sequencing validation and in-silico analysis. RESULTS The first case exhibited a classic CdLS phenotype, but the initial WES analysis of blood-derived DNA failed to identify any mutations in CdLS-related genes. However, a subsequent WES analysis of skin-derived DNA revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in the NIPBL gene (NM_133433.4:c.6534_6535del, p.Met2178Ilefs*8). The second case was presented with a non-classic CdLS phenotype, and WES analysis of blood-derived DNA identified a heterozygous missense variant in the SMC1A gene (NM_006306.4:c.2320G>A, p.Asp774Asn). CONCLUSIONS The study shows the importance of considering mosaicism in classic CdLS cases and the value of WES for identifying genetic defects. These findings contribute to our understanding of CdLS genetics and underscore the need for comprehensive genetic testing to enhance the diagnosis and management of CdLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Tehrani Fateh
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Mohammad Zadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Unit, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hashemi-Gorji
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Omidi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Moghimi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Keyvanfar
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bağış H, Öztürk Ö, Bolu S, Taşkın B. A Novel Mutation in NIPBL Gene with the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome and a 10q11.22-q11.23 Microdeletion in the Same Individual. J Pediatr Genet 2022; 11:245-252. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder characterized by multisystemic malformations. CdLS is due to mutations in one of the following genes: NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8. On the other hand, 10q11.2 deletions cause a wide range of presentations in patients. Approximately 40 cases with variable deletions of 10q11.2 have been reported in literature. Some of the reported cases involve the coexistence of duplication or deletion affecting one copy of the chromosome. However, deletion of chromosome 10q11.22-q11.23 and CdLS syndrome caused by NIPBL gene mutations have not been reported previously. This report, therefore, is the first to report their coexistence together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Bağış
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Özden Öztürk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Semih Bolu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Bayram Taşkın
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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3
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Mariani M, Bettini LR, Cereda A, Maitz S, Gervasini C, Russo S, Masciadri M, Biondi A, Larizza L, Selicorni A. Germline mosaicism in cornelia de lange syndrome: Dilemmas and risk figures. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1825-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mariani
- Paediatric Department; S.Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza; Italy
| | - Laura R. Bettini
- Paediatric Department; S.Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza; Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Paediatric Department; S.Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza; Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Paediatric Department; S.Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza; Italy
| | | | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan; Italy
| | - Maura Masciadri
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan; Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Paediatric Department; S.Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza; Italy
| | | | - Angelo Selicorni
- Paediatric Department; S.Gerardo Hospital, Fondazione MBBM, University of Milano-Bicocca; Monza; Italy
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Slavin TP, Lazebnik N, Clark DM, Vengoechea J, Cohen L, Kaur M, Konczal L, Crowe CA, Corteville JE, Nowaczyk MJ, Byrne JL, Jackson LG, Krantz ID. Germline mosaicism in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1481-5. [PMID: 22581668 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder associated with delayed growth, intellectual disability, limb reduction defects, and characteristic facial features. Germline mosaicism has been a described mechanism for CdLS when there are several affected offspring of apparently unaffected parents. Presently, the recurrence risk for CdLS has been estimated to be as high as 1.5%; however, this figure may be an underrepresentation. We report on the molecularly defined germline mosaicism cases from a large CdLS database, representing the first large case series on germline mosaicism in CdLS. Of the 12 families, eight have been previously described; however, four have not. No one specific gene mutation, either in the NIPBL or the SMC1A gene, was associated with an increased risk for germline mosaicism. Suspected or confirmed cases of germline mosaicism in our database range from a conservative 3.4% up to 5.4% of our total cohort. In conclusion, the potential reproductive recurrence risk due to germline mosiacism should be addressed in prenatal counseling for all families who have had a previously affected pregnancy or child with CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Slavin
- Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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5
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Weichert J, Schröer A, Beyer DA, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Stefanova I. Cornelia de Lange syndrome: antenatal diagnosis in two consecutive pregnancies due to rare gonadal mosaicism ofNIPBLgene mutation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24:978-82. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.531312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Niu DM, Huang JY, Li HY, Liu KM, Wang ST, Chen YJ, Udaka T, Izumi K, Kosaki K. Paternal gonadal mosaicism of NIPBL
mutation in a father of siblings with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:1054-7. [PMID: 16958143 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report two siblings, a boy and a girl, with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), born to unaffected parents, and attempt to delineate the underlying molecular mechanism leading to familial recurrence. METHODS Nipped-B-like (NIPBL) gene mutations were screened using in denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing in peripheral blood samples, from one of the affected siblings and her parents, as well as from a sperm sample from the father. RESULTS A heterozygous missense NIPBL mutation, D2433G, was identified in the peripheral blood sample of the affected girl, but not in the peripheral blood samples of her parents. The D2433G mutation was also found in the sperm sample of the father. CONCLUSION Gonadal mosaicism represents an underappreciated feature of the inheritance pattern of CdLS. To our knowledge, the girl represents the first CdLS patient whose father was documented to have a population of mutant sperm. When a sperm analysis indicates the presence of a mutant allele, it may be reasonable to offer prenatal genetic testing to the family in subsequent pregnancies, given that the sensitivity of fetal ultrasonography is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dau-Ming Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Strachan T. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome and the link between chromosomal function, DNA repair and developmental gene regulation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2005; 15:258-64. [PMID: 15917200 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiple malformation disorder with characteristic facial features, growth and cognitive retardation, and many other abnormalities. CdLS individuals were recently shown to have heterozygous mutations in a previously uncharacterised gene, NIPBL, which encodes delangin, a homologue of fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins and the Drosophila Nipped-B developmental regulator. Nipped-B and vertebrate delangins are also now known to regulate sister chromatid cohesion, probably as part of oligomeric complexes required to load cohesin subunits onto chromatin. CdLS is likely to be one of several developmental disorders resulting from defective expression of a multi-functional protein with roles in chromosome function, gene regulation and double-strand DNA repair - a combination of properties shared by certain bacterial proteins responsible for structural maintenance of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Strachan
- Institute of Human Genetics and Centre for Stem Biology and Developmental Genetics, University of Newcastle, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Gillis LA, McCallum J, Kaur M, DeScipio C, Yaeger D, Mariani A, Kline AD, Li HH, Devoto M, Jackson LG, Krantz ID. NIPBL mutational analysis in 120 individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and evaluation of genotype-phenotype correlations. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:610-23. [PMID: 15318302 PMCID: PMC1182048 DOI: 10.1086/424698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphia, upper-extremity malformations, hirsutism, cardiac defects, growth and cognitive retardation, and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Both missense and protein-truncating mutations in NIPBL, the human homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster Nipped-B gene, have recently been reported to cause CdLS. The function of NIPBL in mammals is unknown. The Drosophila Nipped-B protein facilitates long-range enhancer-promoter interactions and plays a role in Notch signaling and other developmental pathways, as well as being involved in mitotic sister-chromatid cohesion. We report the spectrum and distribution of NIPBL mutations in a large well-characterized cohort of individuals with CdLS. Mutations were found in 56 (47%) of 120 unrelated individuals with sporadic or familial CdLS. Statistically significant phenotypic differences between mutation-positive and mutation-negative individuals were identified. Analysis also suggested a trend toward a milder phenotype in individuals with missense mutations than in those with other types of mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette A. Gillis
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Jennifer McCallum
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Cheryl DeScipio
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Dinah Yaeger
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Allison Mariani
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Antonie D. Kline
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Hui-hua Li
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Laird G. Jackson
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Divisions of Gastroenterology and Genetics, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; The Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore; Nemours Children’s Clinic, Wilmington, DE; and Department of Biology, Oncology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa
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9
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Tonkin ET, Smith M, Eichhorn P, Jones S, Imamwerdi B, Lindsay S, Jackson M, Wang TJ, Ireland M, Burn J, Krantz ID, Carr P, Strachan T. A giant novel gene undergoing extensive alternative splicing is severed by a Cornelia de Lange-associated translocation breakpoint at 3q26.3. Hum Genet 2004; 115:139-48. [PMID: 15168106 PMCID: PMC4894837 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare developmental malformation syndrome characterised by mental handicap, growth retardation, distinctive facial features and limb reduction defects. The vast majority of CdLS cases are sporadic. We carried out a high density bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) microarray comparative genome hybridisation screen but no evidence was found for a consistent pattern of microdeletion/microduplication. As an alternative, we focused on identifying chromosomal regions spanning associated translocation breakpoints. We prioritised the distal 3q region because of the occurrence, in a classical CdLS patient, of a de novo balanced translocation with a breakpoint at 3q26.3 and of reports of phenotypic overlap between cases of mild CdLS and individuals trisomic for the 3q26-q27 region. We show that the 3q26.3 breakpoint severs a previously uncharacterised giant gene, NAALADL2, containing at least 32 exons spanning 1.37 Mb. Northern blot analysis identified up to six different transcripts in the 1-10 kb range with strongest expression in kidney and placenta; embryonic expression was largely confined to duodenal and stomach endoderm, mesonephros, metanephros and pancreas. Transcript analysis identified extensive alternative splicing leading to multiple 5' and 3' untranslated regions and variable coding sequences. Multiple protein isoforms were defined by different N-terminal regions (with at least four alternative initiating methionine codons), and by differential protein truncation/use of alternative C-terminal sequences attributable to alternative splicing/polyadenylation. Outside the N-terminal regions, the predicted proteins showed significant homology to N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase and transferrin receptors. Mutation screening of NAALADL2 in a panel of CdLS patient DNA samples failed to identify patient-specific mutations. We discuss the possibility that the 3q26.3 translocation could nevertheless contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T. Tonkin
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Melanie Smith
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Piet Eichhorn
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sandie Jones
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Burhan Imamwerdi
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Susan Lindsay
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Mike Jackson
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Maggie Ireland
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - John Burn
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philippa Carr
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Tom Strachan
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK, Tel.: +44-191-2418616 Fax: +44-191-2418666
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10
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Tonkin ET, Wang TJ, Lisgo S, Bamshad MJ, Strachan T. NIPBL, encoding a homolog of fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins and fly Nipped-B, is mutated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Nat Genet 2004; 36:636-41. [PMID: 15146185 DOI: 10.1038/ng1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multiple malformation disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, mental retardation, growth delay and limb reduction defects. We indentified and characterized a new gene, NIPBL, that is mutated in individuals with CdLS and determined its structure and the structures of mouse, rat and zebrafish homologs. We named its protein product delangin. Vertebrate delangins have substantial homology to orthologs in flies, worms, plants and fungi, including Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins, and D. melanogaster Nipped-B. We propose that perturbed delangin function may inappropriately activate DLX genes, thereby contributing to the proximodistal limb patterning defects in CdLS. Genome analyses typically identify individual delangin or Nipped-B-like orthologs in diploid animal and plant genomes. The evolution of an ancestral sister chromatid cohesion protein to acquire an additional role in developmental gene regulation suggests that there are parallels between CdLS and Roberts syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T Tonkin
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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11
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Abstract
Hypertrichosis is hair growth that is abnormal for the age, sex, or race of an individual, or for a particular area of the body. Recognized forms of hypertrichosis are reviewed. Hirsutism, which is male-pattern hair growth in a female or child, is not included in this review. Hypertrichosis is categorized as congenital or acquired, and regional or generalized. Methods of managing hypertrichosis are also briefly reviewed
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Wendelin
- St Louis Children's Hospital, I Chiuldren's Place-3N48, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Russell KL, Ming JE, Patel K, Jukofsky L, Magnusson M, Krantz ID. Dominant paternal transmission of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: a new case and review of 25 previously reported familial recurrences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 104:267-76. [PMID: 11754058 PMCID: PMC4894663 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by somatic and cognitive retardation, characteristic facial features, limb abnormalities, hearing loss, and other organ system involvement. The vast majority of cases (99%) are sporadic, with rare familial occurrences having been reported. Most individuals with CdLS do not reproduce as a result of the severity of the disorder. Maternal transmission has been well documented, as have several cases of multiple-affected children being born to apparently unaffected parents. Paternal transmission has rarely been reported. A case is reported here of a father with classic features of CdLS with a similarly affected daughter. A review of the reported familial cases of CdLS is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Russell
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey E. Ming
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ketan Patel
- Holly City Pediatrics, Millville, New Jersey
| | - Lori Jukofsky
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Magnusson
- Division of Diagnostics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence to: Dr. Ian D. Krantz, 1002 ARC, Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
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13
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Krantz ID, Tonkin E, Smith M, Devoto M, Bottani A, Simpson C, Hofreiter M, Abraham V, Jukofsky L, Conti BP, Strachan T, Jackson L. Exclusion of linkage to theCDL1 gene region on chromosome 3q26.3 in some familial cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010615)101:2<120::aid-ajmg1319>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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