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Kammoun M, Slimani W, Hannachi H, Bibi M, Saad A, Mougou-Zerelli S. Array Characterization of Prenatally Diagnosed 15q26 Microdeletion and 2q37.1 Duplication: Report of a New Case with Multicystic Kidneys and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:215-221. [PMID: 29142763 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report on a molecular cytogenetic characterization of 15q26 deletion and 2q37.1 duplication in a fetus presenting with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), diaphragmatic hernia, multicystic kidneys, left kidney pyelectasis, and clubfeet. A terminal 15q26 deletion and a terminal 2q duplication of at least 10 and 9 Mb, respectively, derived from a maternal translocation, were found. The 15q26 deletion represents a contiguous gene deletion syndrome mainly characterized by IUGR, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and less frequently kidney defects. This deletion encompasses the IGF1R and COUPTF2 genes, known to lead to fetal growth retardation syndrome. However, kidney malformations are less well known in such conditions, and to the best of our knowledge, no candidate gene has been proposed to date. Here, we review the literature of the 15q26 deletion syndrome and suggest that hypoplastic and multicystic kidneys, the most commonly observed anomalies in this condition, should be considered in the prenatal diagnosis setting. Based on COUPTF2 protein function, we hypothesize that its haploinsufficiency might be responsible for the renal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molka Kammoun
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Slimani
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Hannachi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bibi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Biology of Reproduction, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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Basel-Vanagaite L, Wolf L, Orin M, Larizza L, Gervasini C, Krantz I, Deardoff M. Recognition of the Cornelia de Lange syndrome phenotype with facial dysmorphology novel analysis. Clin Genet 2016; 89:557-63. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Basel-Vanagaite
- Medical Genetics Department; Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Rabin Medical Center; Petah Tikva Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center; Petah Tikva Israel
- Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- FDNA Inc.; Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Wolf
- Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- FDNA Inc.; Boston, MA USA
| | | | - L. Larizza
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics; University of Milano; Milan Italy
| | - C. Gervasini
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics; University of Milano; Milan Italy
| | - I.D. Krantz
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia PA USA
- The Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - M.A. Deardoff
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia PA USA
- The Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
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Gervasini C, Picinelli C, Azzollini J, Rusconi D, Masciadri M, Cereda A, Marzocchi C, Zampino G, Selicorni A, Tenconi R, Russo S, Larizza L, Finelli P. Genomic imbalances in patients with a clinical presentation in the spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23551878 PMCID: PMC3626829 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterised by facial dysmorphism, growth and psychomotor developmental delay and skeletal defects. To date, causative mutations in the NIPBL (cohesin regulator) and SMC1A (cohesin structural subunit) genes account for > 50% and 6% of cases, respectively. Methods We recruited 50 patients with a CdLS clinical diagnosis or with features that overlap with CdLS, who were negative for mutations at NIPBL and SMC1A at molecular screening. Chromosomal rearrangements accounting for the clinical diagnosis were screened for using array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH). Results Four patients were shown to carry imbalances considered to be candidates for having pathogenic roles in their clinical phenotypes: patient 1 had a 4.2 Mb de novo deletion at chromosome 20q11.2-q12; patient 2 had a 4.8 Mb deletion at chromosome 1p36.23-36.22; patient 3 carried an unbalanced translocation, t(7;17), with a 14 Mb duplication of chromosome 17q24.2-25.3 and a 769 Kb deletion at chromosome 7p22.3; patient 4 had an 880 Kb duplication of chromosome 19p13.3, for which his mother, who had a mild phenotype, was also shown to be a mosaic. Conclusions Notwithstanding the variability in size and gene content of the rearrangements comprising the four different imbalances, they all map to regions containing genes encoding factors involved in cell cycle progression or genome stability. These functional similarities, also exhibited by the known CdLS genes, may explain the phenotypic overlap between the patients included in this study and CdLS. Our findings point to the complexity of the clinical diagnosis of CdLS and confirm the existence of phenocopies, caused by imbalances affecting multiple genomic regions, comprising 8% of patients included in this study, who did not have mutations at NIPBL and SMC1A. Our results suggests that analysis by aCGH should be recommended for CdLS spectrum cases with an unexplained clinical phenotype and included in the flow chart for diagnosis of cases with a clinical evaluation in the CdLS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cornelia-de Lange syndrome in an Egyptian infant with unusual bone deformities. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Intragenic and large NIPBL rearrangements revealed by MLPA in Cornelia de Lange patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:734-41. [PMID: 22353942 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystemic congenital anomaly disorder that is characterised by intellectual disability and growth retardation, congenital heart defects, intestinal anomalies, facial dysmorphism (including synophyris and high arched eyebrows) and limb reduction defects. Mutations in three cohesin-associated genes encoding a key regulator (NIPBL, chr 5p13.2) and one structural component of the cohesin ring (SMC1A, chr Xp11) occur in about 65% of CdLS patients. NIPBL is the major causative gene, and accounts for 40-60% of CdLS patients as shown by a number of mutational screening studies that indicate a wide mutational repertoire of mainly small deletions and point mutations. Only a few data are available concerning the occurrence of large NIPBL rearrangements or intragenic deletions or duplications involving whole exons. We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to study 132 CdLS patients negative to the standard mutation NIPBL test out of a cohort of 200 CdLS patients. A total of 7 out of 132 patients were found to carry NIPBL alterations, including two large gene deletions extending beyond the gene, four intragenic multi- or single-exon deletions and one single-exon duplication. These findings show that MLPA leads to a 5.3% increase in the detection of mutations when used in addition to the standard NIPBL scan, and contributes per se to the molecular diagnosis of 3.5% (7/200) of clinically diagnosed CdLS patients. It is recommended that MLPA be included in the CdLS diagnostic flow chart.
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Abstract
Until 2003 monogenetic aberrations that lead to a child that is born too small for gestational age (SGA) were poorly defined. With the first report of mutations within the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene in two non-syndromic patients born SGA, who failed to thrive despite normal or even elevated IGF1 serum concentrations the concept of IGF1 resistance has been established. The identification of additional individuals bearing IGF1R mutations along with comparative, genetic, structural and biochemical studies has provided evidence for the pathogenic impact of the IGF1R mutations on human longitudinal growth. However, the variability in the occurrence of additional clinical manifestations, such as developmental delay, might indicate that the pleiotropic functions of the IGF-IGF1R system are partially redundant. It is apparent that we have just begun to unravel the multifaceted IGF1R actions at the interface of growth control, maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and neurodevelopment and neural protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klammt
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 21, Leipzig, Germany.
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Pajkrt E, Griffin DR, Chitty LS. Brachmann-de Lange syndrome: definition of prenatal sonographic features to facilitate definitive prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:865-72. [PMID: 20665529 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to improve the prenatal diagnosis of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS) by defining the sonographic criteria. METHODS Retrospective review of Fetal Medicine Unit (FMU) notes from 1998 to 2009 to identify all cases seen with a final diagnosis of BDLS. Literature review undertaken to ascertain all cases where sonographic features of BDLS had been described. Information was pooled to define the most common features. RESULTS Seven cases were identified from review of FMU records. The diagnosis was suspected prenatally in four of the seven. All had asymmetrical forearm defects with oligodactyly/polydactyly, five had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and five had abnormal facial features including micrognathia and/or a long overhanging philtrum. A further 28 cases were identified in the literature, but the diagnosis was only suspected prenatally in nine. Overall the most common feature was IUGR (80%); upper limb anomalies were detected in nearly half of cases. Other common features included facial anomalies (40%), diaphragmatic hernia (34%), increased nuchal translucency/fold (37%) and cardiac anomalies (14%). CONCLUSIONS Identification of asymmetrical oligodactyly with or without forearm anomalies associated with microcephaly and/or IUGR or diaphragmatic hernia are findings that should arouse suspicion of BDLS, although definitive diagnosis at present would have to await delivery in the majority of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pajkrt
- Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
AIM To review the records of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CDLS) children, affected by Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), to detect the presence of Barrett's Esophagus (BE). METHODS A total of 62 CDLS patients were investigated for GERD (1 month-35 years). In all of them a pH-metry, an upper endoscopy with multiple biopsies and a complete radiologic digestive evaluation were carried out. BE was diagnosed in case of replacement of oesophageal mucosa by specialized intestinal-type columnar mucosa. Anti-reflux surgery was considered in case of persistence of BE after medical therapy. Follow-up (mean 3.5 years) consisted in endoscopy every 6 months . RESULTS Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was found in 50 CDLS patients (80%) and BE in six of them (12% of the GERD group, 9.6% of the entire population, mean age 17 years, range 6-32 years). A short segment BE was observed in three patients, a long one in two patients and an infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the lower oesophagus in one patient. CONCLUSIONS A higher frequency of BE in CDLS patients than in a normal population is found. A delayed diagnosis because of atypical GERD symptoms and an altered intestinal motility as a result of neurological impairment can be recognized as the main cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Macchini
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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Thauvin-Robinet C, Callier P, Franco B, Zuffardi O, Payet M, Aral B, Gigot N, Donzel A, Mosca-Boidron AL, Masurel-Paulet A, Huet F, Teyssier JR, Mugneret F, Faivre L. Search for genomic imbalances in a cohort of 20 patients with oral-facial-digital syndromes negative for mutations and large rearrangements in the OFD1 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1846-9. [PMID: 19610098 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Castronovo P, Gervasini C, Cereda A, Masciadri M, Milani D, Russo S, Selicorni A, Larizza L. Premature chromatid separation is not a useful diagnostic marker for Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:763-71. [PMID: 19690971 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare, multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome characterized by clinical variability and caused by mutations in the NIPBL (50-60%), SMC1L1 and SMC3 genes (5%), which encode for proteins involved in sister chromatid cohesion. Almost all of the studies of premature chromatid separation (PCS) in CdLS patients have failed to demonstrate that it is specific to CdLS, thus making its diagnostic use controversial. In order to verify the diagnostic usefulness of PCS screening in CdLS, we analysed metaphase spreads from 29 CdLS patients and 24 controls using a rigorous protocol to induce PCS, and precise criteria to score the affected chromosomes. Following exclusion of significant intra-sample variation we scored under blind conditions 150 spreads from a single preparation of each case and computed the ratio between the number of prematurely separated chromatids and the total number of chromatids. The results indicate the extreme variability of PCS in both cohorts (CdLS: mean 2.8 +/- 2.8%; controls: mean 4.0 +/- 5.4%) and highlight the difficulty of PCS monitoring, especially when selecting the control population. The absence of any difference in the frequency of PCS between the patients and controls, or between patients with different clinical or genetic backgrounds, precludes its potential use as an additional diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castronovo
- Division of Medical Genetics, San Paolo School of Medicine, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
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