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Egorova EA, Nikitin MP. Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles to Various Cancers by Means of Integrin-Binding Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213735. [PMID: 36430214 PMCID: PMC9696485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of tumors is believed to be the key to efficient cancer therapy and accurate, early-stage diagnostics. Active targeting implies minimized off-targeting and associated cytotoxicity towards healthy tissue. One way to acquire active targeting is to employ conjugates of therapeutic agents with ligands known to bind receptors overexpressed onto cancer cells. The integrin receptor family has been studied as a target for cancer treatment for almost fifty years. However, systematic knowledge on their effects on cancer cells, is yet lacking, especially when utilized as an active targeting ligand for particulate formulations. Decoration with various integrin-targeting peptides has been reported to increase nanoparticle accumulation in tumors ≥ 3-fold when compared to passively targeted delivery. In recent years, many newly discovered or rationally designed integrin-binding peptides with excellent specificity towards a single integrin receptor have emerged. Here, we show a comprehensive analysis of previously unreviewed integrin-binding peptides, provide diverse modification routes for nanoparticle conjugation, and showcase the most notable examples of their use for tumor and metastases visualization and eradication to date, as well as possibilities for combined cancer therapies for a synergetic effect. This review aims to highlight the latest advancements in integrin-binding peptide development and is directed to aid transition to the development of novel nanoparticle-based theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Egorova
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 1 Meditsinskaya Str., 603081 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maxim P. Nikitin
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sirius, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
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2
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Jwad R, Weissberger D, Hunter L. Strategies for Fine-Tuning the Conformations of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9743-9789. [PMID: 32786420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for drug development, attributable in part to their increased conformational order compared to linear peptides. However, when optimizing the target-binding or pharmacokinetic properties of cyclic peptides, it is frequently necessary to "fine-tune" their conformations, e.g., by imposing greater rigidity, by subtly altering certain side chain vectors, or by adjusting the global shape of the macrocycle. This review systematically examines the various types of structural modifications that can be made to cyclic peptides in order to achieve such conformational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Jwad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Daniel Weissberger
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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3
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Structure-Based Design of Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions: Mimicking Peptide Binding Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8896-927. [PMID: 26119925 PMCID: PMC4557054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved at all levels of cellular organization, thus making the development of PPI inhibitors extremely valuable. The identification of selective inhibitors is challenging because of the shallow and extended nature of PPI interfaces. Inhibitors can be obtained by mimicking peptide binding epitopes in their bioactive conformation. For this purpose, several strategies have been evolved to enable a projection of side chain functionalities in analogy to peptide secondary structures, thereby yielding molecules that are generally referred to as peptidomimetics. Herein, we introduce a new classification of peptidomimetics (classes A-D) that enables a clear assignment of available approaches. Based on this classification, the Review summarizes strategies that have been applied for the structure-based design of PPI inhibitors through stabilizing or mimicking turns, β-sheets, and helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelay-Gimeno
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Adrian Glas
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
| | - Oliver Koch
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck SocietyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 15, 44227 Dortmund (Germany) E-mail:
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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4
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Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O, Grossmann TN. Strukturbasierte Entwicklung von Protein-Protein-Interaktionsinhibitoren: Stabilisierung und Nachahmung von Peptidliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Baber JC, Lowe R, Saunders J, Feher M. Automated generation of turn mimetics: Proof of concept study for the MC4 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3565-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Ung P, Winkler DA. Tripeptide Motifs in Biology: Targets for Peptidomimetic Design. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1111-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1012984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Ung
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC 3169, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Parkville 3152, Australia
| | - David A. Winkler
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC 3169, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Parkville 3152, Australia
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7
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Duggan HME, Hitchcock PB, Young DW. Synthesis of 5/7-, 5/8- and 5/9-bicyclic lactam templates as constraints for external beta-turns. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2287-95. [PMID: 16010363 DOI: 10.1039/b503014e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 5/7-, 5/8- and 5/9-bicyclic lactams 3, 17, 5 and 6 have been synthesised as single diastereoisomers by a route involving ring closing olefin metathesis. The X-ray crystal structure of the amino acid hydrochloride has been carried out and compared to that of the saturated external beta-turn constraint 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M E Duggan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK BN1 9QJ
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9
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Synthesis of external β-turn templates by reaction of protected dehydroamino acids with cyclic enaminoesters. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Davies DE, Doyle PM, Farrant R, Hill RD, Hitchcock PB, Sanderson PN, Young DW. Synthesis of an external β-turn based on the GLDV motif of cell adhesion proteins. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Preissner R, Goede A, Rother K, Osterkamp F, Koert U, Froemmel C. Matching organic libraries with protein-substructures. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2001; 15:811-7. [PMID: 11776292 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013158818807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present a general approach which allows automatic identification of sub-structures in proteins that resemble given three-dimensional templates. This paper documents its success with non-peptide templates such as beta-turn mimetics. We considered well-tested turn-mimetics such as the bicyclic turned dipeptide (BTD), spiro lactam (Spiro) and the 2,5-disubstituded tetrahydrofuran (THF), a new furan-derivative which was recently developed and characterized. The detected geometric similarity between the templates and the protein patches corresponds to r.m.s.-values of 0.3 A for more than 80% of the constituting atoms, which is typical for active site comparisons of homologous proteins. This fast automatic procedure might be of biomedical value for finding special mimicking leads for particular protein sub-structures as well as for template-assembled synthetic protein (TASP) design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Preissner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Medical Faculty of the Hunboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
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Dutta AS, Crowther M, Gormley JJ, Hassall L, Hayward CF, Gellert PR, Kittlety RS, Alcock PJ, Jamieson A, Moores JM, Rees A, Wood LJ, Reilly CF, Haworth D. Potent cyclic monomeric and dimeric peptide inhibitors of VLA-4 (alpha4beta1 integrin)-mediated cell adhesion based on the Ile-Leu-Asp-Val tetrapeptide. J Pept Sci 2000; 6:321-41. [PMID: 10946997 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1387(200007)6:7<321::aid-psc259>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potent monomeric and dimeric cyclic peptide very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) inhibitors have been designed based on a tetrapeptide (Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) sequence present in a 25-amino acid peptide (CS-1) reported in the literature. The peptides, synthesized by the SPPS techniques, were evaluated in the in vitro cell adhesion assays and in the in vivo inflammation models. The N- to C-terminal cyclic peptides such as cyclo(Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-NH-(CH2)2-S-(CH2)2-CO) (28) and cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-D-Ala-D-Ala) (31), monomeric and dimeric peptides containing piperazine (Pip) or homopiperazine (hPip) residues as linking groups, e.g. cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip-CH2CO-NH-(CH2)2-S-CH2-CO) (49) and cyclo(MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val hPip-CH2CO-MeIle-Leu-Asp-Val-hPip-CH2CO) (58) and cyclic peptides containing an amide bond between the side chain amino group of an amino acid such as Lys and the C-terminal Val carboxyl group, e.g. Ac-cyclo(D-Lys-D-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) (62) and beta-Ala-cyclo(D-Lys-D-Leu-Leu-Asp-Val) (68) were more potent than CS-1 in inhibiting the adhesion of the VLA-4-expressing MOLT-4 cells to fibronectin. The more potent compounds were highly selective and did not affect U937 cell adhesion to fibronectin (VLA-5), PMA-differentiated U937 cell adhesion to intercellular cell adhesion molecule- 1-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells (LFA-1) and ADP-induced platelet aggregation (GPIIb/IIIa). A number of the more potent compounds inhibited ovalbumin-induced delayed type hypersensitivity in mice and some were 100-300 times more potent (ED50 = 0.003-0.009 mg/kg/day, s.c.) than CS-1. Two peptides, Ac-cyclo(D-Lys D-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val) (62) and cyclo(CH2CO-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip-CH2CO-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pip) (55), were formulated in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) depots and the release profile was investigated in vitro over a 30-day period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Dutta
- Discovery Research, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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13
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Haworth D, Rees A, Alcock PJ, Wood LJ, Dutta AS, Gormley JJ, Jones HB, Jamieson A, Reilly CF. Anti-inflammatory activity of c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO), a novel, selective, cyclic peptide inhibitor of VLA-4-mediated cell adhesion. Br J Pharmacol 1999; 126:1751-60. [PMID: 10372817 PMCID: PMC1565964 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Small, N- to C-terminal cyclized peptides containing the leucyl-aspartyl-valine (LDV) motif from fibronectin connecting segment-1 (CS-1) have been investigated for their effects on the adhesion of human T-lymphoblastic leukaemia cells (MOLT-4) to human plasma fibronectin in vitro mediated by the integrin Very Late Antigen (VLA)-4 (alpha4beta1, CD49d/CD29). 2. Cyclo(-isoleucyl-leucyl-aspartyl-valyl-aminohexanoyl-) (c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO)) was approximately 5 fold more potent (IC50 3.6+/-0.44 microM) than the 25-amino acid linear CS-1 peptide. Cyclic peptides containing two more or one less methylene groups had similar potency to c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO) while a compound containing three less methylene groups, c(ILDV-NH(CH2)2CO), was inactive at 100 microM. 3. c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO) had little effect on cell adhesion mediated by two other integrins, VLA-5 (alpha5,beta1, CD49e/CD29) (K562 cell adhesion to fibronectin) or Leukocyte Function Associated molecule-1 (LFA-1, alphabeta2, CD11a/CD18) (U937 cell adhesion to Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with intercellular adhesion molecule-1) at concentrations up to 300 microM. 4. c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO) inhibited ovalbumin delayed-type hypersensitivity or oxazolone contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice when dosed continuously from subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps (0.1-10 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). Maximum inhibition (approximately 40%) was similar to that caused by the monoclonal antibody PS/2 (7.5 mg kg(-1) i.v.) directed against the alpha4 integrin subunit. 5. c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO) also inhibited oxazolone contact hypersensitivity when dosed intravenously 20 h after oxazolone challenge (1-10 mg kg(-1)). Ear swelling was reduced at 3 h and 4 h but not at 1 h and 2 h post-dose (10 mg kg(-1)). 6. Small molecule VLA-4 inhibitors derived from c(ILDV-NH(CH2)5CO) may be useful as anti-inflammatory agents.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- CHO Cells/cytology
- CHO Cells/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cricetinae
- Dermatitis, Contact/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Contact/immunology
- Female
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/drug therapy
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/immunology
- Integrin alpha4beta1
- Integrins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Integrins/physiology
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/physiology
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Oxazolone/immunology
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haworth
- CM&M Research Department, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, Cheshire
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Souers AJ, Virgilio AA, Schürer SS, Ellman JA, Kogan TP, West HE, Ankener W, Vanderslice P. Novel inhibitors of alpha 4 beta 1 integrin receptor interactions through library synthesis and screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2297-302. [PMID: 9873531 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A library of 2302 small molecule beta-turn mimetics was screened for inhibition of the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin-CS1 splice variant binding interaction. Preliminary data revealed several active ligands, and validation with purified material culminated in the identification of some of the first small molecule ligands (1, IC50 = 5 microM, and 2, IC50 = 8 microM) to be reported for this class of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Souers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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15
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Viles JH, Patel SU, Mitchell JB, Moody CM, Justice DE, Uppenbrink J, Doyle PM, Harris CJ, Sadler PJ, Thornton JM. Design, synthesis and structure of a zinc finger with an artificial beta-turn. J Mol Biol 1998; 279:973-86. [PMID: 9642075 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have incorporated a bicyclic beta-turn mimetic (BTD; beta-turn dipeptide) into a zinc finger, creating a zinc finger with an artificial beta-turn. The designed peptide chelates zinc and has the same fold as the unmodified native zinc finger (finger 3 of the human YY1 protein). A combination of 1H NMR and structure calculations reveals that, in solution, this zinc finger has a fold similar to the known wild-type crystal structure and to other zinc fingers containing the consensus sequence X3-Cys-X4-Cys-X12-His-X3-His-X. The peptide was designed with BTD between the chelating cysteine residues, with BTD forming a type II' beta-turn linking the two strands of a distorted anti-parallel beta-sheet. The C-terminal portion of the peptide forms a helix with zinc co-ordinating histidine residues on successive turns of the helix. This work represents a step towards developing methods by which parts of a target protein may be replaced by peptide mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Viles
- Department of Chemistry, Birkbeck College, University of London, Gordon House, London, WC1H 0PP, UK
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Hanessian S, McNaughton-Smith G, Lombart HG, Lubell WD. Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained amino acids as versatile scaffolds and peptide mimetics. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Viles JH, Mitchell JB, Gough SL, Doyle PM, Harris CJ, Sadler PJ, Thornton JM. Multiple solution conformations of the integrin-binding cyclic pentapeptide cyclo(-Ser-D-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-). Analysis of the (phi, psi) space available to cyclic pentapeptides. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 242:352-62. [PMID: 8973654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0352r.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous solution structure of the cyclic pentapeptide cyclo(-Ser-D-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-) has been determined by two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy, combined with a conformational search and distance-geometry calculations. As many as five conformers in slow exchange were observed, and the rate of interconversion between components was measured from the build-up rates of exchange peaks. NMR data allowed the structures of the two predominant conformers to be determined. The major component (66%) contained a cis-proline as part of a type-VIa2 beta-turn encompassing residues Asp-Val-cis-Pro-Ser. The second component (16%) contained only trans-amide bonds, and a type-VIII beta-turn formed by residues Val-Pro-Ser-D-Leu. These structures are discussed in relation to the (phi, psi), space available to the cyclic pentapeptide, determined by a conformational search, and in relation to previously published cyclic-pentapeptide structures. The molecule exhibits activity in a scintillation-proximity assay for the inhibition of the interaction between the integrin very-late antigen-4 (VLA-4; alpha 4 beta 1) and vascular-cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The structure/activity relationship of the LDV sequence is discussed and related to the recently published X-ray structure of VCAM-1. The relevance of the work to the design of anti-inflammatory drugs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Viles
- Department of Chemistry, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
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