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Zeng BS, Lin SY, Tu YK, Wu YC, Stubbs B, Liang CS, Yeh TC, Chen TY, Carvalho AF, Lin PY, Lei WT, Hsu CW, Chen YW, Tseng PT, Chen CH. Prevention of Postdental Procedure Bacteremia: A Network Meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1204-1210. [PMID: 31469596 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519870466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postdental procedure bacteremia is common and troublesome. The comparative efficacy of multiple prophylactic interventions is unclear. We compared the efficacy of interventions for the prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia. We conducted a review of ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 4, 2018. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated prophylactic interventions for the prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia were eligible. The primary outcome was the incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia. A total of 24 trials were included with 2,147 participants. Our network meta-analysis demonstrated that intravenous administration of 1,000/200 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate provided the least incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia among all the prophylactic interventions (odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.63) as compared with the placebo/controls. Oral 3 g of amoxicillin had the least incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia among all oral or topical forms of prophylactic interventions (odds ratio = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.44) as compared with the placebo/controls. No serious adverse events, such as anaphylactic shock, mortality, and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, were reported. None of the included subjects were of high risk of infectious endocarditis. Our network meta-analysis demonstrates that intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanate and oral amoxicillin might be the best prophylactic interventions in preventing postdental procedure bacteremia among all the oral/topical forms of interventions for the overall populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S Y Lin
- Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y K Tu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - B Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.,Positive Ageing Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - C S Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T C Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Y Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W T Lei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - C W Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Y W Chen
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Neurology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - P T Tseng
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Neurology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,WinShine Clinics in Specialty of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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2
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Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Franco-Miranda A, Loyola-Leyva A, Perez-Elizalde B, Contreras-Palma G, Sanchez-Adame O. Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 39:603-609. [PMID: 31464005 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this statement is to debate the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis through an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its relation with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Since dental infections involve biofilms that include several bacterial species (Gram-negative and Gram-positive), it is essential, from the dental point of view, to consider the frequency, magnitude, and duration of bacteremia associated with active dental infections before applying antibiotic prophylaxis. The actual guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis should be revised according to recent evidence of bacterial resistance. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and moxifloxacin should be considered due to their effectiveness against bacteria associated with oral, GU, and GI infections and the low rates of antibiotic resistance associated with these antibiotics, instead of the actual protocol, which includes amoxicillin (2 g) or clindamycin (600 mg) administered an hour before the dental procedures. The breaking point to test the antibiotic bacterial resistance (ABR) had a wide range in the different studies that were analyzed, which could explain the widely varied ABR percentages reported for the various antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Bionanotecnología, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | | | - Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Bulfrano Perez-Elizalde
- Medicina Translacional, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | - Guillermo Contreras-Palma
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Bionanotecnología, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
| | - Oscar Sanchez-Adame
- Medicina Translacional, Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, México
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Ganguly A, Ian CK, Sheshala R, Sahu PS, Al-Waeli H, Meka VS. Application of diverse natural polymers in the design of oral gels for the treatment of periodontal diseases. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:39. [PMID: 28144851 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare periodontal gels using natural polymers such as badam gum, karaya gum and chitosan. These gels were tested for their physical and biochemical properties and assessed for their antibacterial activity against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus mutans, two pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Badam gum, karaya gum and chitosan were used to prepare gels of varying concentrations. Moxifloxacin hydrochloride, a known antimicrobial drug was choosen in the present study and it was added to the above gels. The gels were then run through a battery of tests in order to determine their physical properties such as pH and viscosity. Diffusion studies were carried out on the gels containing the drug. Antimicrobial testing of the gels against various bacteria was then carried out to determine the effectiveness of the gels against these pathogens. The results showed that natural polymers can be used to produce gels. These gels do not have inherent antimicrobial properties against A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. mutans. However, they can be used as a transport vehicle to carry and release antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auleep Ganguly
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Kang Ian
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ravi Sheshala
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Haider Al-Waeli
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Venkata Srikanth Meka
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
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Gómez-Arámbula H, Hidalgo-Hurtado A, Rodríguez-Flores R, González-Amaro AM, Garrocho-Rangel A, Pozos-Guillén A. Moxifloxacin versus Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone in the management of odontogenic maxillofacial infectious processes: A preliminary, intrahospital, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e634-9. [PMID: 26644841 PMCID: PMC4663067 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the days of hospitalization length between patients treated with Moxifloxacin with that of patients treated with a Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone combination and additionally, to isolate and identify the oral pathogens involved in orofacial odontogenic infections. Material and Methods A pilot-controlled-clinical-trial was carried out on hospitalized patients with cervicofacial odontogenic abscesses or cellulitis, who were randomly asigned to two study groups: 1) patients who received Moxifloxacin, and 2) patients receiving Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone combination. Infiltrate samples were collected through transdermic or transmucosal punction and later cultured on a media specific for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Mean hospitalization duration in days until hospital discharge and susceptibility assessment in rates were established. Results Mean hospitalization time in days of patients treated with Moxifloxacin was 7.0 ± 1.6 days, while in the Clindamycin/Ceftriaxone group, this was 8.4 ± 1.8 days, although significant difference could not be demonstrated (p=0.074). A total of 43 strains were isolated, all of these Gram-positive. These strains appeared to be highly sensitive to Moxifloxacin (97.5%) and Ceftriaxone (92.5%). Conclusions Moxifloxacin and Ceftriaxone appear to be potential convenient and rational alternatives to traditional antibiotics, for treating severe odontogenic infections, in conjunction with surgical extraoral incision, debridement, and drainage. Key words:Orofacial odontogenic infections, antimicrobial susceptibility, antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansel Gómez-Arámbula
- DDS, Resident, Department of Orofacial Surgery; Hospital "Ignacio Morones Prieto", San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Antonio Hidalgo-Hurtado
- DDS, Associate Professor, Department of Orofacial Surgery; Hospital "Ignacio Morones Prieto", San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Rodríguez-Flores
- DDS, Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ana-María González-Amaro
- MS, Associate Professor, Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Arturo Garrocho-Rangel
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Basic Sciencies Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- DDS, MS, PhD, Associate Professor, Basic Sciencies Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico
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5
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Ileri Z, Akin M, Erdur EA, Dagi HT, Findik D. Bacteremia after piezocision. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 146:430-6. [PMID: 25263145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of transient bacteremia after a piezocision procedure. METHODS The sample consisted of 30 subjects (24 women, 6 men; mean age, 19.6 ± 0.7 years; range, 18.1-22.4 years) with the American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status I. All patients had Class I skeletal and dental relationships and had fixed orthodontic treatment with the Damon system. The piezocision surgery was performed 1 week after the placement of the orthodontic appliances in all patients. Two 20-mL venous blood samples were collected before and 30 to 60 seconds after the first microincision using an aseptic technique. The samples were inoculated into BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and were assessed in the BACTEC blood culture analyzer (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md). The results were analyzed statistically using the McNemar test, with P <0.05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS No significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative samples was determined with respect to transient bacteremia (P = 0.250). No bacteremia was detected in the pretreatment samples, although Gemella sanguinis, Streptococcus pluranimalium, and Streptococcus mitis/oralis were detected in 3 postoperative blood samples. CONCLUSIONS The piezocision procedure might be related to transitory bacteremia. Hence, orthodontists should consider the possibility of bacterial endocarditis in at-risk patients when piezocision is part of the treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Ileri
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akin
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emire Aybuke Erdur
- Research assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Turk Dagi
- Assistant professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Findik
- Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Mang-de la Rosa MR, Castellanos-Cosano L, Romero-Perez MJ, Cutando A. The bacteremia of dental origin and its implications in the appearance of bacterial endocarditis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2014; 19:e67-74. [PMID: 24121925 PMCID: PMC3909435 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous systemic diseases may affect the oral cavity and vice versa,in particular severe diseases that involve the heart valve. In these cases, additional measures or a modification to our dental treatment need to be taken.
We are aware of various diseases that can cause the emergence of bacterial endocarditis (BE), such as; rheumatic fever, valve lesions due to intravenous drug use, Kawasaki disease and valve surgery, among others. Due to its severity when it is not taken into account in dental treatment, we intend to show the evolution of the antimicrobial prophylaxis towards this condition. Furthermore, we intend to publish the current guidelines of institutions and societies which increasingly encourage rational antimicrobial use.
In addition, we intend to examine the evidence of the possible origins of this disease during dental treatment and at the same time describe the necessary considerations that need to be taken during dental treatment.
Key words:Endocarditis, antibiotic profilaxis, dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Rocío Mang-de la Rosa
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s / n, E-18071 Granada, Spain,
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The comparative efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine and amoxicillin to reduce the incidence and magnitude of bacteremia during third molar extractions: a prospective, blind, randomized clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:752-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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González-Martínez R, Cortell-Ballester I, Herráez-Vilas JM, Arnau-de Bolós JM, Gay-Escoda C. Antibiotic prescription in the treatment of odontogenic infection by health professionals: a factor to consensus. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e452-6. [PMID: 22143715 PMCID: PMC3476097 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To observe the attitude of dentists and family doctors in prescribing antibiotics for the treatment of dental infections.
Study Design: A poll was performed to determine the differences in the prescription of antibiotics for the treatment of odontogenic infection by dentists and family doctors of the primary care department of the Catalan Health Care Service.
Results: A hundred polls were distributed among family doctors, and another 100 ones among primary care dentists assigned to the Catalan Health Care Service of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Of the total of questionnaires distributed, 63 were retuned and answered from dentists and 71 from family doctors. Eighty-one percent of dentists included in the opinion poll considered amoxicillin as the first antibiotic choice for the treatment of odontogenic infections, while 73.2% of family doctors preferred the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. With regard to antibiotics of choice in patients allergic to penicillin, 67.7% of family doctors preferred macrolides (25.4% opted for clarithromycin, 25.4% for erythromycin and 16.9% for spiramycin). However, clindamycin was the antibiotic most frequently prescribed by dentists (66.7%), followed by erythromycin (28.6%).
Conclusions: The results of this study show a large discrepancy in the criteria for the treatment of odontogenic infections on the part of leading professionals involved in the management of this condition. Although the most common prescription involved beta-lactam antibiotics in both groups, several significant differences have been detected with regard to the second antibiotic choice.
Key words:Odontogenic infections, antibiotics, antimicrobials.
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Nemoto H, Nakano K, Masuda K, Wada K, Ardin AC, Nomura R, Ooshima T. Distribution of oral streptococci highly resistant to amoxicillin in dental plaque specimens from Japanese children and adolescents. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1853-1859. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.027615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Nemoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Masuda
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Arifah Chieko Ardin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooshima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Bascones-Martínez A, Muñoz-Corcuera M, Bascones-Ilundain J. [Relationship between odontogenic infections and infective endocarditis]. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 138:312-7. [PMID: 21632067 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Revised guidelines for the prevention of infective endocarditis published by national and international associations in the last years do not support the indiscriminate use of antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures. However, some of them still recommend its use in high-risk patients before dental treatments likely to cause bleeding. Given the high prevalence of bacteremia of dental origin due to tooth-brushing, mastication or other daily activities, it appears unlikely that infective endocarditis from oral microorganisms can be completely prevented. A good oral health status and satisfactory level of oral hygiene are sufficient to control the consequences of the systemic spread of oral microorganisms in healthy individuals. However, caution is still needed and prophylactic antibiotics must be administered to susceptible or medically compromised patients. This review briefly outlines the current concepts of odontogenic bacteremia and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bascones-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Bucofacial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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Chardin H, Yasukawa K, Nouacer N, Plainvert C, Aucouturier P, Ergani A, Descroix V, Toledo-Arenas R, Azerad J, Bouvet A. Reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin of oral streptococci following amoxicillin exposure. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1092-1097. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.010207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As antibiotic pressure often triggers bacterial resistance, the use of short-duration therapies is increasingly recommended. The objective of the present study was to evaluate both the clinical efficiency and the impact on oral streptococci of a 3 day versus a 7 day amoxicillin therapy for odontogenic infection requiring tooth extraction. On day 0, patients were randomly assigned to a 3 day or 7 day amoxicillin treatment. The tooth was extracted on day 2 and the post-operative follow-up was carried out on day 9. Oral flora was collected on days 0, 9 and 30, and the susceptibility of the streptococci to amoxicillin was determined. The results showed that treatment with amoxicillin for 3 or 7 days had a similar clinical efficiency, and also induced similar selection of oral streptococci with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin, suggesting that the selection of strains with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin is a rapid phenomenon, appearing even with short-duration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Chardin
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, AP-HP, 40 Rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - K. Yasukawa
- Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, AP-HP, 40 Rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - N. Nouacer
- Service de Microbiologie-Hygiène, Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, AP-HP, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - C. Plainvert
- Service de Microbiologie-Hygiène, Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, AP-HP, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - P. Aucouturier
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, INSERM CIE 4, Paris, France
| | - A. Ergani
- Service de Microbiologie-Hygiène, Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, AP-HP, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - V. Descroix
- Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital de la Pitié – Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - R. Toledo-Arenas
- Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital de la Pitié – Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - J. Azerad
- Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital de la Pitié – Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A. Bouvet
- Service de Microbiologie-Hygiène, Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, AP-HP, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Crasta K, Daly CG, Mitchell D, Curtis B, Stewart D, Heitz-Mayfield LJA. Bacteraemia due to dental flossing. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:323-32. [PMID: 19426179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the incidence of bacteraemia following flossing in subjects with chronic periodontitis or periodontal health; (2) identify the micro-organisms in detected bacteraemias; and (3) identify any patient or clinical factors associated with such bacteraemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Baseline blood samples were obtained from 30 individuals with chronic periodontitis (17 M:13 F, 29-75 years) and 30 with periodontal health (17 M:13 F, 28-71 years) following a non-invasive examination. Each subject's teeth were then flossed in a standardized manner and blood samples obtained 30 s and 10 min. after flossing cessation. Blood samples were cultured in a BACTEC system and positive samples subcultured for identification. RESULTS Forty per cent of periodontitis subjects and 41% of periodontally healthy subjects tested positive for bacteraemia following flossing. Viridans streptococci, which are commonly implicated in infective endocarditis (IE), were isolated from 19% of positive subjects and accounted for 35% of microbial isolates. Twenty per cent of subjects had a detectable bacteraemia at 10 min. post-flossing. No patient or clinical factors were significantly associated with post-flossing bacteraemia. CONCLUSIONS Dental flossing can produce bacteraemia in periodontally healthy and periodontally diseased individuals at a rate comparable with that caused by some dental treatments for which antibiotic prophylaxis is given to prevent IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Crasta
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Gürel HG, Basciftci FA, Arslan U. Transient bacteremia after removal of a bonded maxillary expansion appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 135:190-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Pigrau C, Almirante B, Rodriguez D, Larrosa N, Bescos S, Raspall G, Pahissa A. Osteomyelitis of the jaw: resistance to clindamycin in patients with prior antibiotics exposure. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 28:317-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Al-Nawas B, Walter C, Morbach T, Seitner N, Siegel E, Maeurer M, Krummenauer F. Clinical and microbiological efficacy of moxifloxacin versus amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in severe odontogenic abscesses: a pilot study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 28:75-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0587-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Diz Dios P, Tomás Carmona I, Limeres Posse J, Medina Henríquez J, Fernández Feijoo J, Alvarez Fernández M. Comparative efficacies of amoxicillin, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin in prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2996-3002. [PMID: 16940094 PMCID: PMC1563553 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01550-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacies of oral prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin (AMX), clindamycin (CLI), and moxifloxacin (MXF) in the prevention of bacteremia following dental extractions (BDE). Two hundred twenty-one adults who required dental extractions under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control group, an AMX group, a CLI group, and an MXF group (the individuals in the drug treatment groups received 2 g, 600 mg, and 400 mg, respectively, 1 to 2 h before anesthesia induction). Venous blood samples were collected from each patient at the baseline and 30 s, 15 min, and 1 h after the dental extractions. The samples were inoculated into BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and were processed in a BACTEC 9240 instrument. Subculture and the further identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The prevalences of BDE in the control group, AMX group, CLI group, and MXF group were 96, 46, 85, and 57%, respectively, at 30 s; 64, 11, 70, and 24%, respectively, at 15 min; and 20, 4, 22, and 7%, respectively, at 1 h. Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently identified bacteria in all groups (44 to 68%), with the lowest percentage being detected in the AMX group (44%). AMX and MXF prophylaxis showed high efficacies in reducing the prevalence and duration of BDE, but CLI prophylaxis was noneffective. As a consequence, MXF prophylaxis is a promising antibiotic alternative for the prevention of BDE when beta-lactams are not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Diz Dios
- Department of Special Needs, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela 15872, Spain.
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Murphy AM, Daly CG, Mitchell DH, Stewart D, Curtis BH. Chewing fails to induce oral bacteraemia in patients with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33:730-6. [PMID: 16968327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2006.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether chewing in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis or plaque-induced gingivitis causes bacteraemia of oral origin. METHOD Twenty-one patients with untreated chronic periodontitis (32-75 years old) and 20 with plaque-induced gingivitis (26-54 years old) chewed a standard wax medium for 4 min. Blood samples were drawn before, during and 5 min. post-chewing. Aerobic and anaerobic Bactec system culturing was performed for 21 days and positive bottles were subcultured and isolates were identified to genus level. A full periodontal analysis was performed on all teeth and included probing depths, recession, attachment levels, bleeding on probing, mobility plaque index and gingival index. Radiographs were assessed for the severity of alveolar bone loss. RESULTS No bacteraemia of oral origin was detected in any patient. Skin contaminants (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium spp.) were detected in blood samples from three patients (two periodontitis; one gingivitis). CONCLUSION Chewing did not cause bacteraemia in chronic periodontitis or plaque-induced gingivitis patients and may not be a risk factor for infective endocarditis in at-risk individuals with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Murphy
- Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Limeres J, Tomás I, Alvarez M, Diz P. Empirical antimicrobial therapy for odontogenic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 100:263-4. [PMID: 16122650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Limeres Posse J, Vázquez García E, Outumuro Rial M, Caamaño Durán F, Tomás Carmona I, Diz Dios P. Eficacia clínica del moxifloxacino en el tratamiento de abscesos odontogénicos submucosos. Semergen 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1138-3593(06)73221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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