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He J, Shen X, Fu D, Yang Y, Xiong K, Zhao L, Xie H, Pelekos G, Li Y. Human periodontitis-associated salivary microbiome affects the immune response of diabetic mice. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2107814. [PMID: 35958276 PMCID: PMC9359160 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bidirectional association between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus has been well accepted; however, pathways connecting them remain unclear. Some oral bacteria are able to induce immunologic changes favoring insulin resistance individually. However, it is unclear if and how the systemic immune system responds to a disturbed oral microbial community in diabetic sufferers. Aim This study aimed to investigate the impact of the human periodontitis-associated salivary microbiome on the splenic immune responses of diabetic mice. Methods An in vivo diabetic animal model was established by feeding high fat food. After microbial depletion with quadruple antibiotic treatment, human saliva from healthy and periodontitis volunteers was transplanted into the mouth of these diabetic mice (N = 3), respectively. Results Osteoclasts and expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly increased in periodontal tissues of mice receiving periodontitis patients donated microbiome compared to these transplanted with healthy subjects donated microbiome. The proportion of monocyte (an innate immunocyte) decreased in mice receiving periodontitis patients donated microbiome. However, the abundance of an adaptive immunocyte Th17 was up-regulated. The IL17 production of ILC3 cells in human periodontitis-associated salivary microbiome recipient mice was significantly impaired. Conclusions A disturbed oral microbiome imposes a stress on the splenic immune responses of diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaixin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huixu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Georege Pelekos
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Chen S, Huang D, Jiang Y, Lan Y, Zou S, Li Y. Osteoporosis and Alveolar Bone Health in Periodontitis Niche: A Predisposing Factors-Centered Review. Cells 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36359775 PMCID: PMC9657655 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory condition that results from disrupted periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, manifested by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, especially inflammatory alveolar bone loss. Osteoporosis is characterized by systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. The roles of many systemic factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, including endocrine change, metabolic disorders, health-impaired behaviors and mental stress. The prevalence rate of osteoporotic fracture is in sustained elevation in the past decades. Recent studies suggest that individuals with concomitant osteoporosis are more vulnerable to periodontal impairment. Current reviews of worse periodontal status in the context of osteoporosis are limited, mainly centering on the impacts of menopausal and diabetic osteoporosis on periodontitis. Herein, this review article makes an effort to provide a comprehensive view of the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis, with a focus on clarifying how those risk factors in osteoporotic populations modify the alveolar bone homeostasis in the periodontitis niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zheng DH, Han ZQ, Wang XX, Ma D, Zhang J. Erythropoietin attenuates high glucose-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSCs). Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:40-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Aoyama N, Suzuki JI, Kobayashi N, Hanatani T, Ashigaki N, Yoshida A, Shiheido Y, Sato H, Izumi Y, Isobe M. Increased Oral Porphyromonas gingivalis Prevalence in Cardiovascular Patients with Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus. Int Heart J 2018; 59:802-807. [PMID: 29877308 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between periodontopathic bacteria and diabetes mellitus (DM) status in cardiovascular disease (CVD) subjects.DM is associated with the progression of periodontitis. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that periodontitis may be a risk factor for CVD. However, no study has compared the periodontal condition between well-controlled and poorly-controlled DM patients with CVD.The subjects were well-controlled (n = 73) or poorly-controlled (n = 39) DM patients with CVD. Blood examinations and dental clinical measurements, including number of teeth, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were performed. Periodontopathic bacterial existence was evaluated.Worsened CAL and BOP rate were detected in the uncontrolled DM group compared to the controlled group. We found increased salivary Porphyromonas gingivalis counts in the uncontrolled DM group compared to well-controlled DM subjects.Specific periodontopathic bacterial infection may affect DM condition in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Aoyama
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University
| | - Jun-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, The University of Tokyo.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Naho Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | | | | - Asuka Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yuka Shiheido
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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5
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Zhang W, Wu SZ, Zhou J, Chen HM, Gong YL, Peng FF, Zhang BF. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1-34) reduces alveolar bone loss in type 1 diabetic rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:13-19. [PMID: 28689017 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) in diabetic periodontitis. METHODS After injected with 55mg/kg streptozotocin, diabetic rats were treated subcutaneously with low-dose (40μg/kg, once daily for 5days per week), middle-dose (80μg/kg) or high-dose (160μg/kg) PTHrP(1-34) peptide. Treatment continued for 12 weeks. Changes in periodontal tissues were confirmed by micro-computerized tomography assay and H&E analysis. We used tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining to identify osteoclast cells. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Tooth-supporting structure loss was observed in periodontal tissues of diabetic rats. PTHrP (1-34) attenuated alveolar bone loss, especially in the middle-dose and high-dose group. Whereas TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 protein levels were increased in the diabetic gingival tissues, PTHrP (1-34) treatment inhibited the increase of IL-1β and IL-6, but had no effect on TNF-α. CONCLUSION Type 1 diabetes increased the susceptibility to periodontal disease. Intermittent administration of PTHrP (1-34) exhibited an inhibitory effect on alveolar bone resorption and the gingival inflammation in periodontal tissues of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China; Nursing and Medical School of Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Min Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye-Li Gong
- Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Que Y, Shen X. Changes in blood monocyte Toll-like receptor and serum surfactant protein A reveal a pathophysiological mechanism for community-acquired pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Intern Med J 2016; 46:213-9. [PMID: 26648341 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is one of the target organs of microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM); patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are vulnerable to pneumonia, and a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms has been described. AIM This study aimed to determine the pathophysiological mechanism of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 90 individuals was included in this study comprised of three groups (n = 30): healthy control, T2DM and T2DM+ CAP groups. Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and 4 protein and messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC) was assessed by western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively, and surfactant protein A (SP-A) levels were examined in serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In T2DM and T2DM+CAP groups, levels of both TLR2/4 protein and mRNA in PBMC were decreased compared with controls (P <0.05), with lower levels observed in the T2DM+CAP group in comparison with T2DM patients (P <0.05). The serum SP-A levels in T2DM+CAP individuals were significantly higher than the values obtained for T2DM patients (P <0.05). It also showed apparent increases when compared with that in controls although no statistical significance was detected. CONCLUSION In T2DM patients with pneumonia, TLR2/4 levels in PBMC and serum SP-A were altered, maybe playing an important role in the susceptibility to pneumonia in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Que
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongnanshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - X Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongnanshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Matsushita K, Hamaguchi M, Hashimoto M, Yamazaki M, Yamazaki T, Asai K, Yamori M, Bessho K, Toda H, Hasegawa G, Nakamura N, Fukui M. The novel association between red complex of oral microbe and body mass index in healthy Japanese: a population based cross-sectional study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:135-9. [PMID: 26388671 PMCID: PMC4566028 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota has been thought to be one of important environmental factors for obesity or Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among oral microbe, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannellera forsythia are known as risk factors, so called red complex, for periodontitis. Red complex could also be a risk factor for obesity. However, recent study indicated that obesity was not improved by periodontal therapy. Thus, we performed a cross sectional study to reveal the association of oral microbe with body mass index in a healthy population. Healthy individuals were randomly recruited. The infections of oral microbe were identified by Taqman polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between number of red complex and body mass index or waist circumference were analyzed. Two hundred and twenty-two apparently healthy Japanese were enrolled. BMI and waist circumference as well as age, periodontitis, number of brushing teeth were significantly associated with the number of red complex after adjusting covariance. The effect size of body mass index or waist circumference was 0.023 (p = 0.028) or 0.024 (p = 0.024), respectively. Body mass index and waist circumference were independently associated with the number of red complex among apparently healthy Japanese. The current observation implies the possibility that oral microbe was associated with obesity in healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Matsushita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of the Control for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toru Yamazaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keita Asai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Bessho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shougoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Toda
- Health Checkup Center, Oike Clinic, 11 Nishino-Kyo, Shimoai-cho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8431, Japan
| | - Goji Hasegawa
- Division of Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, 355-5 Haruobi-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8031, Japan
| | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Hung SL, Lee NG, Chang LY, Chen YT, Lai YL. Stimulatory Effects of Glucose andPorphyromonas gingivalisLipopolysaccharide on the Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators From Human Macrophages. J Periodontol 2014; 85:140-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Lei L, Li H, Yan F, Xiao Y. Hyperlipidemia impaired innate immune response to periodontal pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71849. [PMID: 23977160 PMCID: PMC3745424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A finely-tuned innate immune response plays a pivotal role in protecting host against bacterial invasion during periodontal disease progression. Hyperlipidemia has been suggested to exacerbate periodontal health condition. However, the underlying mechanism has not been addressed. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hyperlipidemia on innate immune responses to periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. Apolipoprotein E-deficient and wild-type mice at the age of 20 weeks were used for the study. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and subsequently used for the study of viable P. gingivalis infection. ApoE−/− mice demonstrated inhibited iNOS production and impaired clearance of P. gingivalis in vitro and in vivo; furthermore, ApoE−/− mice displayed disrupted cytokine production pattern in response to P. gingivalis, with a decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Microarray data demonstrated that Toll-like receptor (TLR) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) pathway were altered in ApoE−/− mice macrophages; further analysis of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) demonstrated that expression of triggering receptors on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), an amplifier of the TLR and NLR pathway, was decreased in ApoE−/− mice macrophages, leading to decreased recruitment of NF-κB onto the promoters of the TNF-α and IL-6. Our data suggest that in ApoE−/− mice hyperlipidemia disrupts the expression of PRRs, and cripples the host’s capability to generate sufficient innate immune response to P. gingivalis, which may facilitate immune evasion, subgingival colonization and establishment of P. gingivalis in the periodontal niche.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/immunology
- Bacteroidaceae Infections/microbiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/microbiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Periodontal Diseases/immunology
- Periodontal Diseases/microbiology
- Phagocytosis
- Porphyromonas gingivalis/immunology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/genetics
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
- Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Lei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (FY); (YX)
| | - Yin Xiao
- Bone Research Lab, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (FY); (YX)
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Nakayama M, Sugiyama Y, Yamasawa H, Soda M, Mato N, Hosono T, Bando M. Effect of hochuekkito on alveolar macrophage inflammatory responses in hyperglycemic mice. Inflammation 2013; 35:1294-301. [PMID: 22367599 PMCID: PMC3397232 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus reduces immunological activity and increases susceptibility to various infections. Hochuekkito (TJ-41) has been reported to improve the weakened physical condition of various chronic diseases. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups; groups A and B were fed a standard diet, and group C, a TJ-41 diet. Two weeks after starting these diets, hyperglycemia was induced in groups B and C by injection with streptozotocin. Two weeks later, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (TLR2: peptidoglycan, PGN; TLR4: lipopolysaccharide, LPS; TLR5: flagellin, FLG) were used to stimulate alveolar macrophages (AMs), and TNF-α production was measured. Under hyperglycemic conditions and PGN or FLG stimulation, TNF-α production from AMs was significantly reduced in group B compared with group A. However, treatment with TJ-41 (group C) significantly improved the impaired production of TNF-α. These results suggest that, under hyperglycemic conditions, TJ-41 can improve the inflammatory responses of AMs with stimulation of TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakayama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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11
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Chang PC, Lim LP. Interrelationships of periodontitis and diabetes: A review of the current literature. J Dent Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Impaired inflammatory responses to multiple toll-like receptor ligands in alveolar macrophages of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:417-26. [PMID: 22228041 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hyperglycemic state on the activation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) mediated via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) typically associated with bacterial infection. METHODS AMs obtained from normoglycemic control mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were stimulated ex vivo with the following: a TLR2 ligand, peptidoglycan (PGN); a TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS); or a TLR5 ligand, flagellin (FLG). Cytokine production and mRNA expression were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. TLR expression was assessed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS AMs from diabetic mice produced significantly less TNF-α after PGN or FLG stimulation, and less IL-6 after FLG stimulation, compared with AMs from control mice. The decrease in the production of these cytokines was associated with reduced mRNA expression of the corresponding cytokines. In contrast, production of TNF-α and IL-6 after LPS stimulation did not differ between groups. Furthermore, there was no substantial difference in the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 in AMs between the groups. The increased JNK phosphorylation induced by PGN or FLG stimulation was downregulated in AMs from diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemic state impairs the reactivity of AMs to multiple TLR ligands. This effect might result from hyperglycemia-induced alteration of intracellular signaling and is unlikely due to the modulation of TLR expression.
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Zhu T, Pei Z, Huang J, Xiong C, Shi S, Fang J. Detection of bacterial cells by impedance spectra via fluidic electrodes in a microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1557-1560. [PMID: 20517558 DOI: 10.1039/b925968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method for detecting bacterial cells in deionized (DI) water suspension is presented by using fluidic electrodes with a hydrodynamic focusing technique. KCl solution was utilized as both sheath flow and fluidic electrodes, and the bacterial suspension was squeezed to form three flowing layers with different conductivities on a microfluidic chip. An impedance analyzer was connected with the KCl solution through two Ag/AgCl wires to apply an AC voltage to fluidic layers within a certain frequency for impedance measurements. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli were detected and linear relationships were found between the impedance and the logarithmic value of the bacterial concentration in certain cell concentration ranges. It is demonstrated that bacterial detection using the microdevice is rapid and convenient, with a chip made of simple flow channels, and the detection sensitivity of cell counting can be tuned by varying the width of the sample flow layer through changing input velocities, showing a detection limit of 10(3) cells mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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