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Yin SJ, Lee JR, Lee BN, Yang JM, Qian GY, Park YD, Hahn MJ. A Knock-Down Cell-Based Study for the Functional Analysis of Chloride Intracellular Channel 1 (CLIC1): Integrated Proteomics and Microarray Study. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:84-100. [PMID: 32586242 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200625204650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we detected that chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) was involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to use high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches to identify critical factors associated with the function of CLIC1 in knock-down cells. METHODS We down-regulated CLIC1 in human A549 cells via siRNA and then conducted serial HTS studies, including proteomics integrated with a microarray and the implementation of bioinformatics algorithms. RESULTS Together, these approaches identified several important proteins and genes associated with the function of CLIC1. These proteins and genes included tumor rejection antigen (gp96) 1, nucleophosmin, annexin I, keratin 1 and 10, FLNA protein, enolase 1, and metalloprotease 1, which were found using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics. Separately, NTNG1, SEMA5A, CLEC3A, GRPR, GNGT2, GRM5, GRM7, DNMT3B, CXCR5, CCL11, CD86, IL2, MNDA, TLR5, IL23R, DPP6, DLGAP1, CAT, GSTA1, GSTA2, GSTA5, CYP2E1, ADH1A, ESR1, ARRDC3, A1F1, CCL5, CASP8, DNTT, SQSTM1, PCYT1A, and SLCO4C1 were found using a DNA microarray integrated with PPI mapping. CONCLUSION CCL11 is thought to be a particularly critical gene among the candidate genes detected in this study. By integrating the datasets and utilizing the strengths of HTS, we obtained new insights into the functional role of CLIC1, including the use of CLIC1-associated applications in the treatment of human diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Jae-Rin Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bit-Na Lee
- Genomic Research Center, EBIOGEN Inc., Seoul 07282, South Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Myong-Joon Hahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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The blood proteomic signature of early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis shows systemic inflammation and is distinct from adult long-standing disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:510-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Brunner PM. Early immunologic changes during the onset of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:152-157. [PMID: 30953783 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD), which is commonly called eczema, is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. The pipeline of new targeted treatments is currently expanding, a development that is largely based on our increasing understanding of disease mechanisms. Mechanistic insights have long been based on long-standing adult AD. Recently, studies also investigated early pediatric AD at disease onset, and revealed several differences in barrier and immune properties when compared with long-standing adult AD. This review focuses on immunological changes very early in life that predispose to the development of AD, and summarizes characteristics of the molecular AD phenotype in this age group. DATA SOURCES Review of published literature. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies investigating human AD at disease onset in newborns, toddlers, and young children, in comparison with adults with long-standing disease. RESULTS Already in cord blood, increased Th2 and decreased Th1 levels were found to increase the risk of AD development. Both pediatric and adult AD share Th2/Th22 activation and defects in lipid barrier deposition and tight junction formation, but Th1 activation and epidermal differentiation complex defects are largely absent in pediatric AD. CONCLUSION Immune changes predisposing to AD development are present very early in life. During the first months of disease, AD shows various differences in immune and barrier properties from long-standing adult AD, which might necessitate tailored treatment approaches depending on the age of the patient.
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Brunner PM, Israel A, Leonard A, Pavel AB, Kim HJ, Zhang N, Czarnowicki T, Patel K, Murphrey M, Ramsey K, Rangel S, Zebda R, Soundararajan V, Zheng X, Estrada YD, Xu H, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Distinct transcriptomic profiles of early-onset atopic dermatitis in blood and skin of pediatric patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 122:318-330.e3. [PMID: 30508584 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) predominantly affects young children, but our understanding of AD pathogenesis is based on skin and blood samples from long-standing adult AD. Genomic biopsy profiling from early pediatric AD showed significant Th2 and Th17/Th22-skewing, without the characteristic adult Th1 up-regulation. Because obtaining pediatric biopsies is difficult, blood gene expression profiling may provide a surrogate for the pediatric skin signature. OBJECTIVE To define the blood profile and associated biomarkers of early moderate-to-severe pediatric AD. METHODS We compared microarrays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of blood cells from 28 AD children (<5 years and within 6 months of disease onset) to healthy control blood cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in blood (fold change [FCH] > 1.2 and false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) were then compared with skin DEGs. RESULTS Eosinophil and Th2 markers (IL5RA, IL1RL1/ST2, HRH4, CCR3, SIGLEC8, PRSS33, CLC from gene arrays; IL13/IL4/CCL22 from RT-PCR) were up-regulated in early pediatric AD blood, whereas IFNG/Th1 was decreased. Th1 markers were negatively correlated with clinical severity (EASI, pruritus, transepidermal water loss [TEWL]), whereas Th2/Th17-induced interleukin (IL)-19 was positively correlated with SCORAD. Although a few RT-PCR-defined immune markers (IL-13/CCL22) were increased in blood, as previously also reported for skin, minimal overlap based on gene array DEGs was seen. CONCLUSION The whole blood signature of early moderate-to-severe pediatric AD blood cells show predominantly a Th2/eosinophil profile; however, markers largely differ from the skin profile. Given their complementarity, pooling of biomarkers from blood and skin may improve profiling and predictions, providing insight regarding disease course, allergic comorbidity development, and response to systemic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Ariel Israel
- Clalit Health Services, Department of Family Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexandra Leonard
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hyun Je Kim
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tali Czarnowicki
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Morgan Murphrey
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kara Ramsey
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephanie Rangel
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rema Zebda
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vinaya Soundararajan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James G Krueger
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, and the Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Brunner PM, Guttman-Yassky E, Leung DYM. The immunology of atopic dermatitis and its reversibility with broad-spectrum and targeted therapies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:S65-S76. [PMID: 28390479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is driven by both terminal keratinocyte differentiation defects and strong type 2 immune responses. In contrast to chronic plaque-type psoriasis, AD is now understood to be a much more heterogeneous disease, with additional activation of TH22, TH17/IL-23, and TH1 cytokine pathways depending on the subtype of the disease. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the AD immune map in both patients with early-onset and those with chronic disease. Clinical studies with broad and targeted therapeutics have helped to elucidate the contribution of various immune axes to the disease phenotype. Importantly, immune activation extends well beyond lesional AD because nonlesional skin and the blood component harbor AD-specific inflammatory changes. For this reason, future therapeutics will need to focus on a systemic treatment approach, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Brunner
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Esaki H, Brunner PM, Renert-Yuval Y, Czarnowicki T, Huynh T, Tran G, Lyon S, Rodriguez G, Immaneni S, Johnson DB, Bauer B, Fuentes-Duculan J, Zheng X, Peng X, Estrada YD, Xu H, de Guzman Strong C, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis is T H 2 but also T H 17 polarized in skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1639-1651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cytokine production by PBMC and serum from allergic and non-allergic subjects following in vitro histamine stimulation to test fexofenadine and osthole anti-allergic properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:763-772. [PMID: 27756601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FXF is a third-generation antihistamine drug and osthole is assumed a natural antihistamine alternative. This paper compares peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) incubation with FXF and osthole, by studying FXF, osthole and histamine cytokine secretion in PBMC in vitro cultures. Mabtech kits determined the interleukins IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α. The influence of the above active substances on cytokine secretion in PBMC's and serum was assessed: cytokines were IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and TNF-α; and cytokine levels secreted by untreated PBMCs in pure culture medium formed the absolute control (ctrl). We determined that osthole affects PBMC cytokine secretion to almost precisely the same extent as FXF (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF). In addition osthole had greater IL-13 blocking ability than FXF. Moreover, we observed significantly decreased IL-4 level in histamine/osthole theatment compared to histamine alone. Meanwhile, FXF not significantly decrease the level of IL-4 increased by histamine. This data indicates osthole's strong role in allergic inflamation. All results confirm our hypothesis that osthole is a natural histamine antagonist and therefore can be beneficially used in antihistamine treatment of conditions such as allergies.
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Systemic expression of inflammatory mediators in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps with and without Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Cytokine 2015; 77:157-67. [PMID: 26615369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic reactions are related to the pathogenesis of Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD). With this work we wanted to study the changes in the systemic levels of inflammatory mediators in both baseline and after oral aspirin challenge in patients with and without AERD. METHODS Patients with nasal polyposis and asthma with AERD (n=20) and without (n=18) were orally challenged with aspirin in a single-blind placebo controlled study. Serum samples and urine were collected before and 6h after placebo and aspirin oral challenges. Serum levels of inflammatory mediators were assayed by using the Luminex technology and ELISA. The concentrations of 9-alpha, 11-beta prostaglandin F2, and leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) were measured in urine samples by ELISA. The expression of T-cell surface markers was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated before and after the challenges. RESULTS AERD patients showed significantly higher baseline levels of s-IL-5R-alpha, uLTE4 and percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(pos) and CD4(+)CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+) but decreased levels of TGF-β1 and number of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(neg) cells. Aspirin challenge induced the release of uLTE4, IL-6 and increased the number of CD4(+)CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+) memory T-cells only in AERD patients but failed to reduce the levels of sCD40L as observed in non-AERD subjects. Further, IL-8 and sIL-5R-alpha levels directly correlated with the PD20ASA and the effects of aspirin on IL-6 and number of memory T-cells was more pronounced in subjects showing more strong reaction (bronchial and nasal). CONCLUSIONS AERD patients have a differential baseline inflammatory pattern that supports the role inflammation as underlying mechanism of the disease. Systemic response to oral aspirin challenge was related to an increase in serum IL-6 and the number of circulating memory T-cells in AERD patients.
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Czarnowicki T, Esaki H, Gonzalez J, Malajian D, Shemer A, Noda S, Talasila S, Berry A, Gray J, Becker L, Estrada Y, Xu H, Zheng X, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Paller AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Early pediatric atopic dermatitis shows only a cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)(+) TH2/TH1 cell imbalance, whereas adults acquire CLA(+) TH22/TC22 cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:941-951.e3. [PMID: 26242300 PMCID: PMC4946641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying differences and similarities between cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)(+) polarized T-cell subsets in children versus adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) is critical for directing new treatments toward children. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare activation markers and frequencies of skin-homing (CLA(+)) versus systemic (CLA(-)) "polar" CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets in patients with early pediatric AD, adults with AD, and control subjects. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to measure CD69/inducible costimulator/HLA-DR frequency in memory cell subsets, as well as IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokines, defining TH1/cytotoxic T (TC) 1, TH2/TC2, TH9/TC9, TH17/TC17, and TH22/TC22 populations in CD4 and CD8 cells, respectively. We compared peripheral blood from 19 children less than 5 years old and 42 adults with well-characterized moderate-to-severe AD, as well as age-matched control subjects (17 children and 25 adults). RESULTS Selective inducible costimulator activation (P < .001) was seen in children. CLA(+) TH2 T cells were markedly expanded in both children and adults with AD compared with those in control subjects, but decreases in CLA(+) TH1 T-cell numbers were greater in children with AD (17% vs 7.4%, P = .007). Unlike in adults, no imbalances were detected in CLA(-) T cells from pediatric patients with AD nor were there altered frequencies of TH22 T cells within the CLA(+) or CLA(-) compartments. Adults with AD had increased frequencies of IL-22-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells within the skin-homing population, compared with controls (9.5% vs 4.5% and 8.6% vs 2.4%, respectively; P < .001), as well as increased HLA-DR activation (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TH2 activation within skin-homing T cells might drive AD in children and that reduced counterregulation by TH1 T cells might contribute to excess TH2 activation. TH22 "spreading" of AD is not seen in young children and might be influenced by immune development, disease chronicity, or recurrent skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Hitokazu Esaki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Translational Technology Core Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shinji Noda
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Sreya Talasila
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Adam Berry
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jayla Gray
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lauren Becker
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Czarnowicki T, Gonzalez J, Shemer A, Malajian D, Xu H, Zheng X, Khattri S, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Suárez-Fariñas M, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Severe atopic dermatitis is characterized by selective expansion of circulating TH2/TC2 and TH22/TC22, but not TH17/TC17, cells within the skin-homing T-cell population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:104-115.e7. [PMID: 25748064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past studies of blood T-cell phenotyping in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have provided controversial results and were mostly performed before the identification of TH9, TH17, and TH22 T-cell populations in human subjects. OBJECTIVE We sought to quantify TH1, TH2, TH9, TH17, and TH22 T-cell populations and corresponding CD8(+) T-cell subsets in both cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)-positive and CLA(-) T-cell subsets in patients with AD and control subjects. METHODS We studied 42 adults with severe AD (mean SCORAD score, 65) and 25 healthy subjects using an 11-color flow cytometric antibody panel. Frequencies of IFN-γ-, IL-22-, IL-13-, IL-17-, and IL-9-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were compared in CLA(-) and CLA(+) populations. RESULTS We measured increased TH2/TC2/IL-13(+) and TH22/TC22/IL-22(+) populations (P < .1) in patients with severe AD versus control subjects, with significant differences in CLA(+) T-cell numbers (P < .01). A significantly lower frequency of CLA(+) IFN-γ-producing cells was observed in patients with AD, with no significant differences in CLA(-) T-cell numbers. The CLA(+) TH1/TH2 and TC1/TC2 ratio was highly imbalanced in patients with AD (10 vs 3 [P = .005] and 19 vs 7 [P < .001], respectively). Positive correlations were found between frequencies of IL-13- and IL-22-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells (r = 0.5 and 0.8, respectively; P < .0001), and frequencies of IL-13-producing CLA(+) cells were also correlated with IgE levels and SCORAD scores. Patients with AD with skin infections had higher CD4(+) IL-22(+) and IL-17(+) cell frequencies, which were highly significant among CLA(-) cells (IL-22: 3.7 vs 1.7 [P < .001] and IL-17: 1.7 vs 0.6 [P < .001]), with less significant effects among CLA(+) T cells (IL-22: 11 vs 7.5, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Severe AD is accompanied by expansion of skin-homing TH2/TC2 and TH22/TC22 subsets with lower TH1/TC1 frequencies. These data create a critical basis for studying alterations in immune activation in adults and pediatric patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY.
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Translational Technology Core Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Saakshi Khattri
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Dermatology Department at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Chai OH, Han EH, Lee HK, Song CH. Mast cells play a key role in Th2 cytokine-dependent asthma model through production of adhesion molecules by liberation of TNF-α. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:35-43. [PMID: 21169725 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are well recognized as key cells in allergic reactions, such as asthma and allergic airway diseases. However, the effects of mast cells and TNF-α on T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine-dependent asthma are not clearly understood. Therefore, an aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells on Th2 cytokine-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. We used genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1/J-Kitw/Kitw-v (W/Wv), congenic normal WBB6F1/J-Kit+/Kit+ (+/+), and mast cell-reconstituted W/Wv mouse models of allergic asthma to investigate the role of mast cells in Th2 cytokine-dependent asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). And we investigated whether the intratracheal injection of TNF-α directly induce the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in W/Wv mice. This study, with OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice, revealed the following typical histopathologic features of allergic diseases: increased inflammatory cells of the airway, airway hyperresponsiveness, and increased levels of TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. However, the histopathologic features and levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins in W/Wv mice after OVA challenges were significantly inhibited. Moreover, mast cell-reconstituted W/Wv mice showed restoration of histopathologic features and recovery of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels that were similar to those found in +/+ mice. Intratracheal administration of TNF-α resulted in increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels in W/Wv mice. These results suggest that mast cells play a key role in a Th2 cytokine-dependent asthma model through production of adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, by liberation of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Cytokine production by peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in atopic childhood asthma. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:606139. [PMID: 21197090 PMCID: PMC3004408 DOI: 10.1155/2010/606139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting studies on T cell cytokine production in childhood asthma. In this study intracellular cytokine expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in children with atopic asthma were measured by flow cytometry. Results. A significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-13 and decrease in the percentage of CD4+ producing IFN-γ in asthmatic children was found. The percentage of CD4+/IL-13+ was significantly higher in severe asthma than in children with intermittent disease symptoms. Severity of asthma was associated with increased both serum IgE and frequencies of CD4+/IL-13+ T cells, as well as duration of disease. Moreover, a decrease in FEV1, FEV1/FVC was observed in relation to the severity of asthma. Changes in cytokine profile in CD8+ subpopulation didn't depend on the severity of the disease. Conclusions. Increased production of IL-4 and IL-13 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells accompanied by decreased IFN-γ expression in CD4+ T cells may be evidence that both lymphocyte subpopulations are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Relationship of CD4+/IL-13+ T cells with disease activity suggests that this lymphocyte subset may have a prominent role in childhood asthma.
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Kim YJ, Choi SE, Lee MW, Lee CS. Taxifolin glycoside inhibits dendritic cell responses stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.11.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antigen-presenting dendritic cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Taxifolin is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was designed to assess the effect of taxifolin glycoside against stimulated responses of dendritic cells isolated from mouse bone marrow and spleen. Dendritic cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid or interleukin (IL)-1β exhibited increased production of IL-12 p70 and tumour necrosis factor alpha, increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. Treatment with taxifolin glycoside inhibited responses stimulated by the microbial products or IL-1β in dendritic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taxifolin glycoside had a significant inhibitory effect on the production of cytokines, formation of ROS and NO, and change in intracellular Ca2+ levels in dendritic cells of bone marrow and spleen. The results show that taxifolin glycoside seems to inhibit the dendritic cell responses stimulated by microbial products and IL-1β, suggesting that taxifolin glycoside may exert an inhibitory effect against dendritic-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Sun Eun Choi
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
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Lee CS, Ko HH, Seo SJ, Choi YW, Lee MW, Myung SC, Bang H. Diarylheptanoid hirsutenone prevents tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in human keratinocytes through NF-kappaB inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1097-104. [PMID: 19464389 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of skin disease in atopic dermatitis. Diarylheptanoids such as oregonin and hirstanonol are demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. The present study was to investigate the effect of hirsutenone, one of the diarylheptanoids, against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated responses in human keratinocytes. Hirsutenone attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced production of cytokine IL-8, prostaglandin E(2) and chemokine CCL27, and the formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in keratinocytes. Immunosuppressants (dexamethasone and cyclosporin A) inhibited the TNF-alpha-elicited formation of IL-8, prostaglandin E(2) and CCL27, but did not affect formation of reactive species. Bay 11-7085 (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation) and anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced formation of inflammatory mediators and reactive species. Hirsutenone, dexamethasone, cyclosporin A and Bay 11-7085 inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. The results show that hirsutenone seems to reduce the TNF-alpha-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the activation of NF-kappaB that may be mediated by reactive oxygen species. The findings suggest that hirsutenone may exert an inhibitory effect against the pro-inflammatory mediator-induced skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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15
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The Antimicrobial Protein Psoriasin (S100A7) Is Upregulated in Atopic Dermatitis and after Experimental Skin Barrier Disruption. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:641-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Ozone and allergen exposure during postnatal development alters the frequency and airway distribution of CD25+ cells in infant rhesus monkeys. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 236:39-48. [PMID: 19371618 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiologic link between air pollutant exposure and asthma has been supported by experimental findings, but the mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we evaluated the impact of combined ozone and house dust mite (HDM) exposure on the immunophenotype of peripheral blood and airway lymphocytes from rhesus macaque monkeys during the postnatal period of development. Starting at 30 days of age, monkeys were exposed to 11 cycles of filtered air, ozone, HDM aerosol, or ozone+HDM aerosol. Each cycle consisted of ozone delivered at 0.5 ppm for 5 days (8 h/day), followed by 9 days of filtered air; animals received HDM aerosol during the last 3 days of each ozone exposure period. Between 2-3 months of age, animals co-exposed to ozone+HDM exhibited a decline in total circulating leukocyte numbers and increased total circulating lymphocyte frequency. At 3 months of age, blood CD4+/CD25+ lymphocytes were increased with ozone+HDM. At 6 months of age, CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+ lymphocyte populations increased in both blood and lavage of ozone+HDM animals. Overall volume of CD25+ cells within airway mucosa increased with HDM exposure. Ozone did not have an additive effect on volume of mucosal CD25+ cells in HDM-exposed animals, but did alter the anatomical distribution of this cell type throughout the proximal and distal airways. We conclude that a window of postnatal development is sensitive to air pollutant and allergen exposure, resulting in immunomodulation of peripheral blood and airway lymphocyte frequency and trafficking.
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Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abubakar F, Abbas KA. Changing survival, memory cell compartment, and T-helper balance of lymphocytes between severe and mild asthma. BMC Immunol 2008; 9:73. [PMID: 19087256 PMCID: PMC2631545 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-9-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a complicated network of inflammatory reactions. It is classified into mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthma. The success of asthma therapy relies much on understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammation at each stage of asthma severity. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in apoptotic potential, CD4/CD8 ratio, memory compartment, and T- helper (Th) 1 and 2 profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with mild intermittent asthma and severe persistent asthma during exacerbation periods. Results Four research lines were investigated and compared among mild asthmatics, severe asthmatics, and healthy groups by applying immunocytochemical staining of PBL. Antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins with Bcl-2/Bax ratio, CD4, CD8 markers with CD4+/CD8+ ratio, CD45RO+, CD45RA+ markers with memory/naïve ratio (CD45RO+/CD45RA+). Th2/Th1 cytokines balance represented by IL-4/IFN-γ ratio was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for in vitro PBL cytokine synthesis. It was found that Bcl-2/Bax ratio was higher in severe than in mild asthmatics which in turn was higher than in healthy group. And memory/naïve ratio of PBL was higher in severe than in mild asthmatics. Moreover, memory cells, CD45RO+ and CD45RO+/CD45RA+ ratio were correlated directly with Bcl-2/Bax, in severe and mild asthma patients. In contrast, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not changed significantly among healthy group, mild and severe asthmatics. However, CD8+ cells were correlated directly with memory cells, CD45RO+, in severe asthmatics only. Interestingly, the dominant profile of cytokines appeared to change from T helper 2 (Th2) in mild asthmatics to T helper 1 (Th1) in severe asthmatics where the lowest in vitro IL-4/IFN-γ ratio and highest IFN-γ were found. Conclusion It was concluded that the underlying mechanisms of inflammation might vary greatly with asthma stage of severity. Mild intermittent asthma is mainly Th2 allergen-oriented reaction during exacerbations with good level of apoptosis making the inflammation as self-limiting, while in severe persistent asthma, the inflammatory reaction mediated mainly by Th1 cytokines with progressive loss of apoptosis leading to longer exacerbations, largely expanded memory cells, CD45RO+, leading to persistent baseline inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Abdulamir
- Microbiology Research Department, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia.
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18
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Inhibition of activated responses in dendritic cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid by diarylheptanoid oregonin. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:748-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2007] [Revised: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Leung TF, Wong KY, Wong CK, Fung KP, Lam CWK, Fok TF, Leung PC, Hon KLE. In vitro and clinical immunomodulatory effects of a novel Pentaherbs concoction for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 158:1216-23. [PMID: 18341655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our group recently reported a randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a twice-daily concoction of five herbal ingredients (Pentaherbs formulation, PHF) in treating children with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the immunomodulatory effects that may be induced by PHF treatment. METHODS We investigated the effects of PHF on cytotoxicity and proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)- and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from buffy coat of blood donors. PHF-induced immunomodulation for five inflammatory mediators in cultured PBMC was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of a 3-month, open-label study of PHF on circulating inflammatory mediators in children with AD were also assessed. RESULTS PHF at up to 1 mg mL(-1) dose-dependently suppressed PBMC proliferation. The addition of PHF to cultured PBMC reduced supernatant concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in response to PHA, and BDNF and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) following SEB stimulation. PHF increased epithelial cell-derived neutrophil activating peptide-78 levels in culture supernatants. At the RNA level, PHF suppressed the transcription of BDNF, TARC, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Twenty-eight children with AD were treated with PHF for 3 months, and their mean plasma concentrations of BDNF and TARC decreased significantly from 1798 pg mL(-1) and 824 pg mL(-1) at baseline to 1378 pg mL(-1) and 492 pg mL(-1) (P = 0.002 and 0.013, respectively) upon study completion. CONCLUSIONS PHF possesses in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties that may mediate the clinical efficacy observed in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Expression of naive/memory (CD45RA/CD45RO) markers by peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8 + T cells in children with asthma. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2008; 56:55-62. [PMID: 18250971 PMCID: PMC2734248 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-008-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The role of CD4+ T cells in the immunopathogenesis of asthma is well documented. Little is known about the role of CD8+ T cells. The aim of this study was to assess peripheral blood subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing naive/memory markers (CD45RA+/RO+) and the activation marker (CD25+) in children with allergic asthma. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from children with allergic asthma and healthy children. T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expressions of CD45RA, CD45RO, and CD25. In this study, some differences in the memory compartment of peripheral blood T cells between asthmatic children and healthy controls were detected. Results: The absolute number of CD8+ T cells expressing CD45RO was significantly elevated and the percentages of CD3+ T cells expressing activation marker CD25 and of CD4+ T cells expressing memory marker CD45RO were significantly lower in children with asthma compared with controls. No correlation was found between severity of asthma and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Conclusions: There were some differences in the memory compartment of peripheral blood T cells between asthmatic children and healthy controls. The increase in the number of CD8+ T cells expressing the memory marker (CD45RO) in children with allergic asthma may indicate that CD8+ T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Abstract
Skin serves a vital role, providing protection from the broad array of pathogens present in our environment. In addition to the passive barrier functions of the skin, mammals have evolved a robust and versatile surveillance and rapid response system for recognition and elimination of invading organisms. This immune surveillance network directs the movement of immune cells, regulating homeostatic populations of immune cells in the skin, as well as recruitment to sites of inflammation. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the regulation and function of adhesion molecules in cutaneous immune surveillance and their relevance to the immunopathology of inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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