1
|
Li Y, Liu C, Li H, Wang X. Exploring the role of basophil activation test in diagnosis of Dermatophagoides farinae sensitization and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy in children. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13168. [PMID: 35366340 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It aims to detect basophil activation ratio (%CD63+ ) in peripheral blood of children with allergic asthma and rhinitis by using Flow cytometry (FCM) , so as to analyze the application values and clinical relevance of the Basophil Activation Test (BAT) in diagnosis of Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf) sensitization and monitoring therapeutic efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). METHODS It was a prospective study. From the newly diagnosed children with asthma and rhinitis in our pediatric clinic, 39 patients diagnosed Derf sensitization and 15 patients not allergic to Derf were enrolled; another 4 healthy children were taken as control group. Using Derf extracts in concentration of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml as the stimulus, BAT results were expressed as %CD63+ in diagnosis of Derf sensitization and its correlation with skin prick tests (SPT), serum total IgE (tIgE), specific IgE (sIgE), sIgE/tIgE, specific IgG4 (sIgG4), FEV1%pred in pulmonary ventilation function, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), children asthma control test (C-ACT) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were observed. In sensitization group, %CD63+ , sIgG4 and clinical indicators were detected again from patients who had received SCIT to analyze their internal connections. RESULTS The average levels of %CD63+ in three concentrations showed an increasing concentration-dependent trend overall. %CD63+ in sensitization group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. The analysis of ROC for Derf sensitization showed the area under the curve (AUC) for BAT in three concentrations were higher than that for sIgE whose AUC is 0.893. %CD63+ was positively correlated with SPT grade, sIgE, sIgE/tIgE and VAS, and negatively correlated with C-ACT. In patients receiving SCIT, %CD63+ became lower and sIgG4 level became higher than pretreatment. There was no obvious change in sIgG4 in those who hadn't received SCIT. CONCLUSIONS BAT is a reliable and non-invasive tool for diagnosis of Derf sensitization in children with asthma and rhinitis. CD63-based BAT has clinical value to monitor outcome of SCIT, and the change of basophil activation is inherently related to induction of sIgG4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of pediatrics, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300211
| | - Changshan Liu
- Department of pediatrics, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300211
| | - Huiqiang Li
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300203
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of pediatrics, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, 300211
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díaz-Espada F, Matheu V, Barrios Y. A review of hypersensitivity methods to detect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 50:189-222. [PMID: 38620993 PMCID: PMC8919898 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the goal of many researchers worldwide. The study of humoral immune responses and in vitro T cell production after infection requires the obtaining of individualized blood samples to test the presence of antibodies or activated T cells specific for the virus. In vitro T cell studies are especially troublesome due to the need for more specialized resources often outside the daily routine of clinical laboratories. For this reason the development of a simple and objective method to achieve these T cell studies is needed. In this manuscript we reviewed the hypersensitivity reactions, the theoretical basis and the historical background of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) which uses the principles of use of this test in the clinical setting for the past century. In the second part of the review, we focus on COVID adaptive immune responses, to understand the differences and challenges offered by this new application of DTH to investigate immune responses elicited after infection. In the last part of the review a vision provided for the use of this test to investigate the immunogenicity elicited by the vaccines. In our opinion, the clinical guidelines of immune assessment of SARS-CoV-2-infected or vaccinated individuals should include this simple and low-cost test to measure T-cell immunity. Rationale and improved vaccination schemes could be obtained after its implementation in the routine assessment of immunity in this pandemic situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Matheu
- Servicio de Alergología, Floor-2, Edificio de Actividades Ambulatorias, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Yvelise Barrios
- Laboratorio Immunología Central Lab, Planta 0, Edificio Principal, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng M, Zeng X, Su Q, Shi X, Xian M, Qin R, Li J. Allergen Immunotherapy-Induced Immunoglobulin G4 Reduces Basophil Activation in House Dust Mite-Allergic Asthma Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32154245 PMCID: PMC7044416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear if allergen immunotherapy (AIT) can reduce allergy effector cell activation. We evaluated the basophil response during Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and its relationship to allergen-specific immunoglobulin G4 (sIgG4) in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma patients. The study included 55 subjects, of which 35 cases received Der p SCIT and 20 controls received standard medications. Symptom and medication scores (SMSs), sIgG4 levels, specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels, allergen-induced basophil activation tests (BATs) in whole blood, and BAT inhibition assays in serum were determined at weeks 0, 4, 12, 16, 52, and 104 of SCIT. Levels of Der p sIgG4 in SCIT patients significantly increased after 12 weeks of treatment compared to week 0. Serum obtained from SCIT patients significantly inhibited basophil activation after 12 weeks of treatment. Removal of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies at week 104 reduced the ability of serum to block basophil activation. An increase of Der p sIgG4 rather than reduction of Der p sIgE correlated with the reduction of basophil activation during SCIT. The sIgG4 antibodies may compete with sIgE binding to allergens to form an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-allergen complex. SCIT reduced the sensitivity of allergen-triggered basophil activation in Der p allergic rhinitis and/or asthma patients through induction of sIgG4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ogulur I, Kiykim A, Baris S, Ozen A, Yuce EG, Karakoc-Aydiner E. Basophil activation test for inhalant allergens in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 97:197-201. [PMID: 28483235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Flow cytometric quantification of in vitro basophil activation can be quite performant and reliable tool to measure IgE-dependent allergen-specific responses in allergic patients. Current study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of basophil activation test (BAT) for the diagnosis of pediatric grass pollen and house dust mite (HDM) allergies. METHODS Forty-seven patients suffering from allergic rhinitis with HDM and grass pollen co-sensitization with clinical history of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and 15 non-allergic healthy subjects were enrolled. BAT was determined by flow cytometry upon double staining with anti-IgE/anti-CD63 mAb. RESULTS Regarding HDM with cut-off point greater than 12.5% for CD63+ basophils sensitivity and specificity of the BAT were 90% and 73%, with positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as 0.70 and 0.91, respectively. The analysis of concordance of being either allergic or healthy in comparison to BAT results for HDM revealed a substantial concordance (κ index = 0.61, p < 0.001). Grass pollen with cut-off point greater than 11%, BAT attained a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 96%, 93%, 0.98, and 0.88, respectively. The analysis of concordance of being either allergic or healthy in comparison to BAT results for grass pollen revealed an almost perfect concordance (κ index = 0.87, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings concluded that BAT is reliable technique in the diagnosis of sensitization to grass pollen and HDM. The sensitivity of BAT in pollen allergic children was found to be remarkably higher in our cohort compared to other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ogulur
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozen
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Gizem Yuce
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Karakoc-Aydiner
- Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soyyigit S, Guloglu D, Ikinciogullari A, Secil D, Oztuna D, Mungan D, Misirligil Z, Sin BA. Immunologic alterations and efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in monosensitized and polysensitized patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016; 116:244-251.e2. [PMID: 26945497 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continuing debate about whether monoallergen subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is able to modulate immune and clinical responses toward main causal allergen in polysensitized patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate short-term immunologic changes and clinical effectiveness of SCIT with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in monosensitized and polysensitized patients who have rhinitis with or without asthma. METHODS Nineteen monosensitized and 24 polysensitized patients participated in this prospective, self-placebo-controlled, interventional study. Cluster immunotherapy with D pteronyssinus was administered after 2 months of placebo in both groups. Immunologic parameters, including CD203c expression on basophils after allergen stimulation, total IgE, specific IgE, and specific IgG4, were evaluated at baseline, after placebo, and after immunotherapy. Clinical effectiveness was assessed using monthly symptom-medication scores, visual analog scale, quality-of-life questionnaire, and nasal allergen provocation test. RESULTS At baseline, polysensitized patients had higher CD203c expression on basophils than monosensitized patients (P = .007). Activated basophils expressing CD203c, total IgE, and specific IgG4 were significantly increased after immunotherapy compared with baseline and placebo in the polysensitized group (P < .025). After immunotherapy, specific IgE and D pteronyssinus-induced CD203c expression were significantly higher in polysensitized than monosensitized patients (P < .05). The total symptom scores and the Mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores in polysensitized patients and the visual analog scale scores in both groups were lower after immunotherapy compared with baseline and placebo (P < .025). Titrated nasal allergen provocation test with D pteronyssinus increased after immunotherapy in the monosensitized group (P < .05). CONCLUSION This study indicates that monosensitized and polysensitized patients have distinct humoral response and basophil behavior to SCIT. However, a single-allergen immunotherapy corresponding to the most clinically troublesome allergy in polysensitized patients can lead to early clinical efficacy comparable to that seen in monosensitized patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01795846.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadan Soyyigit
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Guloglu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Ikinciogullari
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Secil
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Oztuna
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Misirligil
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betul Ayse Sin
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Michaud B, Gouvis-Echraghi R, Candon S, Couderc R, Jais JP, Bach JF, Chatenoud L, Just J. Quantification of circulating house dust mite-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells correlates with rhinitis severity in asthmatic children and varies with the seasons. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:222-30. [PMID: 24447084 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining suitable markers to diagnose and monitor allergy and its severity is essential to correctly assign patients for specific immunotherapy. Circulating levels of specific IgE are good markers of sensitization, but not of clinically symptomatic allergy. OBJECTIVE To quantify circulating interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells specific for house dust mite (HDM) in children presenting HDM-allergic asthma associated or not with rhinitis and correlate results with clinical symptoms. METHODS We analysed 26 children with HDM respiratory disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) together with six children with non-allergic asthma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with HDM extract in a 24-h ELISpot assay to quantify the number of HDM-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells. Asthma severity and control, and rhinitis severity were scored according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Guidelines. RESULTS The number of HDM-specific IL-4- and IL-13-secreting T cells was higher in patients with allergic asthma as compared to patients with non-allergic asthma. It varied with the season of blood sampling with two peaks in the fall and early spring. Independently of the season, the number of HDM-specific IL-4-secreting T cells correlated with rhinitis severity (OR = 2; 95% IC:1.1-3.8; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Allergen-specific IL-4- and IL-13-producing T cells were only detected in HDM-allergic asthmatic children (not in patients with non-allergic asthma). Their numbers correlated with clinical severity of allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Michaud
- Unité 1013, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chirumbolo S. Major pitfalls in BAT performance may be caused by gating protocols and CD63% cut off evaluation. Cytometry A 2014; 85:382-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona, University Laboratory of Medical Research-LURM est; Verona 37134 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan FM, Ueno-Yamanouchi A, Serushago B, Bowen T, Lyon AW, Lu C, Storek J. Basophil activation test compared to skin prick test and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for aeroallergen-specific Immunoglobulin-E. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2012; 8:1. [PMID: 22264407 PMCID: PMC3398323 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin prick test (SPT) and fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) are widely used for the diagnosis of Immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated allergic disease. Basophil activation test (BAT) could obviate disadvantages of SPT and FEIA. However, it is not known whether BAT gives similar results as SPT or FEIA for aeroallergens. Objectives In this study, we compared the results of SPT, BAT and FEIA for different aeroallergens. Methods We performed BAT, SPT and FEIA in 41 atopic subjects (symptomatic and with positive SPT for at least 1 of 9 common aeroallergens) and 31 non-atopic subjects (asymptomatic and with negative SPT). Results Correlations between SPT and BAT, SPT and FEIA, and BAT and FEIA results were statistically significant but imperfect. Using SPT as the "gold standard", BAT and FEIA were similar in sensitivity. However, BAT had lower specificity than FEIA. False positive (BATposSPTneg) results were frequent in those atopic subjects who were allergic by SPT to a different allergen and rare in non-atopic subjects. The false positivity in atopic subjects was due in part to high levels of serum Total-IgE (T-IgE) levels in atopic individuals that lead to basophil activation upon staining with fluorochrome-labeled anti-IgE. Conclusion As an alternative to SPT in persons allergic to aeroallergens, BAT in its present form is useful for distinguishing atopic from non-atopic persons. However, BAT in its present form is less specific than FEIA when determining the allergen which a patient is allergic to. This is due to IgE staining-induced activation of atopic person's basophils and/or nonspecific hyperreactivity of atopic person's basophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal M Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bazir Serushago
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom Bowen
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew W Lyon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cathy Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Storek
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chirumbolo S. Basophil Activation Test in Allergy: Time for an Update? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 158:99-114. [DOI: 10.1159/000331312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
10
|
Ciepiela O, Zwiazek J, Zawadzka-Krajewska A, Kotula I, Kulus M, Demkow U. Basophil activation test based on the expression of CD203c in the diagnostics of cow milk allergy in children. Eur J Med Res 2011; 15 Suppl 2:21-6. [PMID: 21147615 PMCID: PMC4360311 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-s2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by flow cytometry has been shown to be a useful tool for allergy diagnosis. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the potential of this technique for the diagnosis of pediatric cow milk allergy. Material and methods The quantification of total and specific IgE and basophil activation test were performed to evaluate cow milk allergic (n = 9), and non-allergic children (n = 15). Results Allergen-induced basophil activation was detected as a CD203c up-regulation. The expression of CD203c antigen on basophils was measured with flow cytometry. The antigen CD203c was detected on 15.4 ± 10.2% basophils from allergic children after incubation with specific allergens in concentration 1:10, whereas in the control group there were 3.0 ± 1.5% of basophils positive for this molecule (P < 0.05). Stimulation with allergen diluted 1:500 resulted in activation of 15.3 ± 11.2% of basophils in allergic children and 3.8 ± 2.3% of cells in the control group (P < 0.05). Positive results of an allergenicity test (above the cut- off level of 10%) were obtained in 7 out of the 9 allergic children. In 5 cases, the cutoff level was reached with both dilution of allergens (1:10 and 1:500). In 1 patient, positive stimulation was observed after stimulation with allergen diluted 1:10 and in another case only 1:500 resulted in stimulation of more then 10% of basophils. In no child of the control group, stimulation above 10% was noted. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the analysis of allergen-induced CD203c up-regulation with flow cytometry is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of cow milk allergy in pediatric patients, with sensitivity similar to routine diagnostic tests and a higher specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ciepiela
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Validation of basophil CD164 upregulation for pollen allergy diagnosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010; 58:459-65. [PMID: 20872290 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-010-0104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by allergy to grass pollens. This study was performed in 24 patients with allergy to grass pollens, and in 25 healthy controls. The protocol for allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation consisted of whole blood samples processing and staining with anti-CCR3/anti-CD164 antibodies added to a buffer at the beginning of stimulation. We observed dose-dependent allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation with 100% of specificity in both used allergen concentrations (12 and 1.2 ng/ml). Higher allergen concentration resulted in 100% and lower concentration in only 70.83% sensitivity. We have observed in the patients statistically significant correlations between anti-IgE stimulation and both allergen concentrations (for 12 ng/ml, r = 0.71, p < 0.0001; and for 1.2 ng/ml, r = 0.64, p < 0.001). We conclude that assessment of allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation is a very useful method for in vitro determination of allergy to grass pollens. This method seems to be a very promising tool in laboratory testing of allergies to other allergens.
Collapse
|