1
|
Gutierrez-Villamil C, Velez-Gutierrez C, Arevalo-Leal S, Rivera-Baquero J, Marín-Oyaga V. Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy to Evaluate Biliary Complications of Pediatric Liver Transplantation: An Account of an Experience. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2022; 32:258-262. [PMID: 33378778 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HS) is a noninvasive imaging technique whose use in the follow-up of liver transplantation has not been duly documented. The main objective of this study is to describe the experience of using this technique to detect biliary complications in pediatric patients following liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study involving 86 pediatric patients who had undergone liver transplantation between 2013 and 2018. Of the 86, 31 had undergone at least one HS during their postoperative period. RESULTS A total of 45 studies were performed on 31 patients (36% of the patients undergoing transplantation during that time period). Patient ages ranged from 5 to 204 months (mean = 50 months). A total of 22 transplants (71%) were from living donors and 9 (29%) were from cadaveric donors. Of the 45 studies, 22 were positive for biliary complications, and all of them had an impact on clinical decision-making. The remaining 23 studies were negative. Of these 23, 19 continued under medical treatment and the other four underwent an additional intervention with positive surgical outcomes in all cases. All scintigraphy studies revealed hepatocellular dysfunction and cholestasis. CONCLUSION The HS is a useful, noninvasive, and diagnostic procedure for the early diagnosis of biliary complications that may impact the evolution of disease in liver transplant patients. It allows the treating physician to make a more informed decision regarding expectant management, surgical management, or a less invasive course of action for transplantation complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gutierrez-Villamil
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila Velez-Gutierrez
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sinay Arevalo-Leal
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo Rivera-Baquero
- Surgery and Transplant Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Víctor Marín-Oyaga
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evaluation and management of biliary complications after pediatric liver transplantation: pearls and pitfalls for percutaneous techniques. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:570-586. [PMID: 34713322 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In pediatric liver transplantation, bile duct complications occur with a greater incidence than vascular anastomotic dysfunction and represent a major source of morbidity and mortality. While surgical re-anastomosis can reduce the need for retransplantation, interventional radiology offers minimally invasive and graft-saving therapies. The combination of small patient size and prevailing Roux-en-Y biliary enteric anastomotic techniques makes endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography difficult if not impossible. Expertise in percutaneous management is therefore imperative. This article describes post-surgical anatomy, pathophysiology and noninvasive imaging of biliary complications. We review percutaneous techniques, focusing heavily on biliary access and interventions for reduced liver grafts. Subsequently we review the results and adverse events of these procedures and describe conditions that masquerade as biliary obstruction.
Collapse
|
3
|
Vélez-Gutierrez C, Gutierrez-Villamil C, Arevalo-Leal S, Mejía-Hernandez G, Marín-Oyaga V. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the study of complications in adult patients after liver transplant. Description of the experience. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
4
|
Vélez-Gutierrez C, Gutierrez-Villamil C, Arevalo-Leal S, Mejía-Hernandez G, Marín-Oyaga V. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the study of complications in adult patients after liver transplant. Description of the experience. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 38:207-211. [PMID: 31006582 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To show the experience of the use of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in patients with suspected complications after liver transplantation in a high complexity centre. MATERIAL AND METHOD Retrospective, observational and descriptive study. All consecutive adult patients with liver transplantation between January 2013 and February 2018 were included, with one or more hepatobiliary scintigraphy during the early or late postoperative period. A total of 58 studies were analyzed in 38 patients (22 men and 16 women). Mean age: 48 years. In 34/38: cadaverous donor (89%), and in 4 (11%): a living donor. Demographic data and relevant information regarding the transplant were obtained, and the result was related to the surgical findings to determine the correlation between them. The influence of the test on the final clinical decisions was evaluated. RESULTS Findings: 9 scans (14%) were normal, 36 studies were negative, and 21 were positive for biliary complications. Of the total of 58 studies, 50 (86%) had impact on the clinical behaviour of observation or intervention. All the patients with findings of biliary complications (21/21; 100%) had clinical repercussion since 18/21 patients were taken to invasive studies or treatments, and 3/21 patients continued in medical management for findings of non-surgical biliary complications. In 14/18 patients taken to studies or procedures, correlation was found with the scintigraphic study. In 24/36 (66%) of patients with negative scintigraphy, an impact on clinical behaviour was found. CONCLUSION Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a simple, non-invasive, reliable, current and available form for the early study of biliary complications in patients with liver transplantation. Important hepatocellular dysfunction should be taken into account as a frequent cause of false negative studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Vélez-Gutierrez
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Gutierrez-Villamil
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Arevalo-Leal
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - G Mejía-Hernandez
- Servicio de Cirugía y Transplantes, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V Marín-Oyaga
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ba-Ssalamah A, Bastati N, Wibmer A, Fragner R, Hodge JC, Trauner M, Herold CJ, Bashir MR, Van Beers BE. Hepatic gadoxetic acid uptake as a measure of diffuse liver disease: Where are we? J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:646-659. [PMID: 27862590 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI has emerged as the most comprehensive noninvasive diagnostic tool for focal liver lesions and diffuse hepatobiliary disorders. The introduction of hepatobiliary contrast agents, most notably gadoxetic acid (GA), has expanded the role of MRI, particularly in the functional imaging of chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). GA-enhanced MRI (GA-MRI) may help to distinguish between the two subgroups of NAFLD, simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, GA-MRI can be used to stage fibrosis and cirrhosis, predict liver transplant graft survival, and preoperatively estimate the risk of liver failure should major resection be undertaken. The amount of GA uptake can be estimated, using static images, by the relative liver enhancement, hepatic uptake index, and relaxometry of T1-mapping during the hepatobiliary phase. On the contrary, the hepatic extraction fraction and liver perfusion can be measured on dynamic imaging. Importantly, there is currently no clear consensus as to which of these MR-derived parameters is the most suitable for assessing liver dysfunction. This review article aims to describe the current role of GA-enhanced MRI in quantifying liver function, primarily in diffuse hepatobiliary disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:646-659.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ba-Ssalamah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Bastati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Austria
| | - Andreas Wibmer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Fragner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline C Hodge
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), Austria
| | - Christian J Herold
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- Department of Radiology and Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bernard E Van Beers
- Laboratory of Imaging Biomarkers, UMR 1149, INSERM - University Paris Diderot and Department of Radiology, University Hospital Paris Nord - Beaujon, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Accuracy of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy after Liver Transplantation and Liver Resection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 2016:7857849. [PMID: 27563464 PMCID: PMC4987481 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7857849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Biliary complications are the most frequent complications after common liver surgeries. In this study, accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) and impact of hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated. Methods. Between November 2007 and February 2016, 131 patients underwent hepatobiliary scintigraphy after having liver surgery. 39 patients with 42 scans after LTX (n = 13) or hepatic resection (n = 26) were evaluated in the study; 27 were male, with mean age 60 years. The subjects underwent hepatobiliary scintigraphy with Tc-99m labeled Mebrofenin. The results were compared to ERCP as gold standard performed within one month after HBS. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV. We compared LTX patients to patients with other liver surgeries. Furthermore the influence of hyperbilirubinemia on HBS scans was evaluated. Results. HBS always provided the correct diagnosis in cases of bile leak in the liver-resected group (14/14). Overall diagnostic accuracy was 76% (19/25) in this group and 54% (7/13) in the LTX group. False negative (FN) diagnoses occurred more often among LTX patients (p = 0.011). Hyperbilirubinemia (>5 mg/dL) significantly influenced the excretion function of the liver, prolonging HBS's time-activity-curve (p = 0.001). Conclusions. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a reliable tool to detect biliary complications, but reduced accuracy must be considered after LTX.
Collapse
|
7
|
Recurrent cholangitis by biliary stasis due to non-obstructive afferent loop syndrome after pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy: report of a case. Int Surg 2015; 99:426-31. [PMID: 25058778 PMCID: PMC4114374 DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 71-year-old man who had undergone pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) using PPPD-IV reconstruction for cholangiocarcinoma. For 6 years thereafter, he had suffered recurrent cholangitis, and also a right liver abscess (S5/8), which required percutaneous drainage at 9 years after PPPD. At 16 years after PPPD, he had been admitted to the other hospital because of acute purulent cholangitis. Although medical treatment resolved the cholangitis, the patient was referred to our hospital because of dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary duct (B2). Peroral double-balloon enteroscopy revealed that the diameter of the hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis was 12 mm, and cholangiography detected intrahepatic stones. Lithotripsy was performed using a basket catheter. At 1 year after lithotripsy procedure, the patient is doing well. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy at 60 minutes after intravenous injection demonstrated that deposit of the tracer still remained in the upper afferent loop jejunum. Therefore, we considered that the recurrent cholangitis, liver abscess, and intrahepatic lithiasis have been caused by biliary stasis due to nonobstructive afferent loop syndrome. Biliary retention due to nonobstructive afferent loop syndrome may cause recurrent cholangitis or liver abscess after hepaticojejunostomy, and double-balloon enteroscopy and hepatobiliary scintigraphy are useful for the diagnosis of nonobstructive afferent loop syndrome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fukuda A, Sakamoto S, Shigeta T, Kakiuchi T, Matsuno N, Tanaka H, Kitamura M, Nosaka S, Nakazawa A, Kasahara M. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the assessment of biliary stricture after pediatric living donor liver transplantation for hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction: the value of the excretion rate at 60 min. Pediatr Transplant 2011; 15:594-600. [PMID: 21790918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2011.01532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HBS is performed to determine the presence of biliary stricture after liver transplantation. We focused on the Ex-60 after an intravenous injection of tracer during HBS. The aim of this study was to review the cutoff values for the diagnosis of biliary stricture by HBS after pediatric LDLT. We analyzed 114 HBS studies using (99m) Tc-PMT in 80 cases after pediatric LDLT. HBS was performed three months after LDLT on a routine basis and/or was performed when ultrasonography and blood test findings indicated biliary stricture. A ROC curve analysis was performed to identify the cutoff value for the correlation between Ex-60 and biliary stricture. The Ex-60 (mean ± s.d.) in the cases diagnosed as having biliary stricture and in normal subjects were 49.1 ± 20.2% vs. 78.0 ± 9.7% (p < 0.01), respectively. As a result of an ROC curve analysis of the Ex-60, the recommended cutoff value to diagnose biliary stricture was set at 69.2% (sensitivity 87.0%, specificity 81.8%). In cases where the Ex-60 by (99m) Tc-PMT HBS is <69.2%, it is recommended that further treatment for biliary stricture should be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Fukuda
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hopkins LO, Feyssa E, Parsikia A, Khanmoradi K, Zaki R, Campos S, Araya V, Tran H, Ortiz J. Tc-99m-BrIDA hepatobiliary (HIDA) scan has a low sensitivity for detecting biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation in patients with hyperbilirubinemia. Ann Nucl Med 2011; 25:762-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-011-0523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Kim YJ, Lee KT, Jo YC, Lee KH, Lee JK, Joh JW, Kwon CHD. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy for detecting biliary strictures after living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2626-31. [PMID: 21677831 PMCID: PMC3110925 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i21.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) in detecting biliary strictures in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 104 adult LDLT recipients of the right hepatic lobe with duct-to-duct anastomosis, who underwent HBS and cholangiography. The HBS results were categorized as normal, parenchymal dysfunction, biliary obstruction, or bile leakage without re-interpretation. The presence of biliary strictures was determined by percutaneous cholangiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
RESULTS: In 89 patients with biliary strictures, HBS showed biliary obstruction in 50 and no obstruction in 39, for a sensitivity of 56.2%. Of 15 patients with no biliary strictures, HBS showed no obstruction in 11, for a specificity of 73.3%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 92.6% (50/54) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 22% (11/50). We also analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of the change in bile duct size. The sensitivity, NPV, specificity, and PPV were 65.2%, 27.9%, 80% and 95%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The absence of biliary obstruction on HBS is not reliable. Thus, when post-LDLT biliary strictures are suspected, early ERCP may be considered.
Collapse
|