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Bi X, Guo H, Li X, Jiang D, Dong H, Zhang Y, An M, Xia Z, Wang Z, Wu Y. Suppression of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Infection by Boron Application: From the Perspective of Nutrient Elements and Carbohydrates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12270-12286. [PMID: 36126240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection causes "blood flesh" symptoms in watermelon fruits, which severely reduces yield and edibleness. However, the growth of watermelon fruits is strongly associated with boron (B), a trace element for improving fruit quality. In this study, B-gradient hydroponic experiments (B concentration: 0, 2.86, and 5.72 mg·L-1 H3BO3) and foliar-spray experiments (B concentration: 30 and 300 mg·L-1 H3BO3) were performed. We found that the B-supplement could inhibit CGMMV infection and especially relieve "blood flesh" symptoms in watermelon fruits. The nutrient element, soluble sugar, and cell wall polysaccharide contents and their metabolism- and transport-related gene expressions were determined in leaves and fruits of the watermelons in B-gradient hydroponic and foliar-spray experiments. We found that the accumulation and metabolism of nutrients and carbohydrates in cells were disrupted by CGMMV infection; however, the B-supplement could restore and maintain their homeostasis. Additionally, we uncovered that NIP5;1 and SWEET4, induced by B-application with CGMMV infection, could majorly contribute to the resistance to CGMMV infection by regulating nutrient elements and carbohydrate homeostasis. These results provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of B-mediated CGMMV suppression and an efficient method of B-application for the improvement of watermelon quality after CGMMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, No. 58 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Liaoning Province Green Agriculture Technology Center, No. 39 Changjiang North Street, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Haonan Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
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Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance and Response to Aluminum Toxicity. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13041782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major environmental stress that inhibits plant growth and development. There has been impressive progress in recent years that has greatly increased our understanding of the nature of Al toxicity and its mechanisms of tolerance. This review describes the transcription factors (TFs) and plant hormones involved in the adaptation to Al stress. In particular, it discusses strategies to confer plant resistance to Al stress, such as transgenic breeding, as well as small molecules and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) to alleviate Al toxicity. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of plant production in acidic soils.
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Pommerrenig B, Eggert K, Bienert GP. Boron Deficiency Effects on Sugar, Ionome, and Phytohormone Profiles of Vascular and Non-Vascular Leaf Tissues of Common Plantain ( Plantago major L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163882. [PMID: 31395813 PMCID: PMC6719229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissues essentially regulate water, nutrient, photo-assimilate, and phytohormone logistics throughout the plant body. Boron (B) is crucial for the development of the vascular tissue in many dicotyledonous plant taxa and B deficiency particularly affects the integrity of phloem and xylem vessels, and, therefore, functionality of long-distance transport. We hypothesize that changes in the plants’ B nutritional status evoke differential responses of the vasculature and the mesophyll. However, direct analyses of the vasculature in response to B deficiency are lacking, due to the experimental inaccessibility of this tissue. Here, we generated biochemical and physiological understanding of B deficiency response reactions in common plantain (Plantago major L.), from which pure and intact vascular bundles can be extracted. Low soil B concentrations affected quantitative distribution patterns of various phytohormones, sugars and macro-, and micronutrients in a tissue-specific manner. Vascular sucrose levels dropped, and sucrose loading into the phloem was reduced under low B supply. Phytohormones responded selectively to B deprivation. While concentrations of abscisic acid and salicylic acid decreased at low B supply, cytokinins and brassinosteroids increased in the vasculature and the mesophyll, respectively. Our results highlight the biological necessity to analyze nutrient deficiency responses in a tissue- rather organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pommerrenig
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 22, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kai Eggert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gerd P Bienert
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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Wu X, Riaz M, Yan L, Du C, Liu Y, Jiang C. Boron Deficiency in Trifoliate Orange Induces Changes in Pectin Composition and Architecture of Components in Root Cell Walls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1882. [PMID: 29167675 PMCID: PMC5682329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is a micronutrient indispensable for citrus and B deficiency causes a considerable loss of productivity and quality in China. However, studies on pectin composition and architecture of cell wall components in trifoliate orange roots under B deficiency condition are not sufficient. In this study, we investigated the alteration in pectin characteristics and the architecture of cell wall components in trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] roots under B starvation. The results showed that B-deficient roots resulted in a significant enlargement of root tips and an obvious decrease in cell wall B and uronic acid content in Na2CO3-soluble pectin compared with B-adequate roots. Meanwhile, they showed a decrease of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid in CDTA-soluble and Na2CO3-soluble pectin in cell walls, while the degree of methylation (DM) of CDTA-soluble pectin was significantly increased under B deficiency. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of B deficient plants showed a distinct thickening of the cell walls, with the thickness 1.82 times greater than that of control plant roots. The results from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that B deficiency changed the mode of hydrogen bonding between protein and carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose). The FTIR spectra exhibited a destroyed protein structure and accumulation of wax and cellulose in the cell walls under B starvation. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectra showed that B starvation changed the organic carbon structure of cell walls, and enhanced the contents of amino acid, cellulose, phenols, and lignin in the cell wall. The results reveal that the swelling and weakened structural integrity of cell walls, which induced by alteration on the network of pectin and cell wall components and structure in B-deficient roots, could be a major cause of occurrence of the rapid interruption of growth and significantly enlarged root tips in trifoliate orange roots under B-insufficient condition.
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Li XW, Liu JY, Fang J, Tao L, Shen RF, Li YL, Xiao HD, Feng YM, Wen HX, Guan JH, Wu LS, He YM, Goldbach HE, Yu M. Boron Supply Enhances Aluminum Tolerance in Root Border Cells of Pea ( Pisum sativum) by Interacting with Cell Wall Pectins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:742. [PMID: 28533794 PMCID: PMC5421198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary factor limiting crop growth in acidic soils. Boron (B) alleviates Al toxicity in plants, which is mainly considered to be due to the formation of Rhamnogalacturonan II-B (RGII-B) complexes, which helps to stabilize the cytoskeleton. It is unclear yet whether this is due to the increasing of net negative charges and/or further mechanisms. Kinetics of Al accumulation and adsorption were investigated using entire cells, cell wall and pectin of root border cells (RBCs) of pea (Pisum sativum), to reveal the mechanism of B in interacting with alkali-soluble and chelator-soluble pectin for an increased Al tolerance in RBCs. The results show that B could rescue RBCs from Al-induced cell death by accumulating more Al in the cell wall, predominately in alkali-soluble pectin. Boron also promotes Al3+ adsorption and inhibits Al3+ desorption from alkali-soluble pectin. Thus, more Al3+ is immobilized within the alkali-soluble pectin fraction and less in the chelator-soluble pectin, rendering Al3+ less mobile. Boron induces an increase of RG-II (KDO,2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid) content for forming more borate-RGII complexes, and the decrease of pectin methyl-esterification, thus creates more negative charges to immobilize Al3+ in cell wall pectin. The study provides evidence that abundant B supply enhances the immobilization of Al in alkali-soluble pectin, thus most likely reducing the entry of Al3+ into the symplast from the surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen Li
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Jia You Liu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Ya Lin Li
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hong Dong Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Ying Ming Feng
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Hai Xiang Wen
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Jia Hua Guan
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Li Shu Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yong Ming He
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
| | - Heiner E. Goldbach
- Plant Nutrition-Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Horticulture, School of Food Science and Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityGuangdong, China
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Zhou XX, Yang LT, Qi YP, Guo P, Chen LS. Mechanisms on boron-induced alleviation of aluminum-toxicity in Citrus grandis seedlings at a transcriptional level revealed by cDNA-AFLP analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115485. [PMID: 25747450 PMCID: PMC4352013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical mechanisms on boron (B)-induced alleviation of aluminum (B)-toxicity in plants have been examined in some details, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is very limited. In this study, we first used the cDNA-AFLP to investigate the gene expression patterns in Citrus grandis roots responsive to B and Al interactions, and isolated 100 differentially expressed genes. Results showed that genes related to detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aldehydes (i.e., glutathione S-transferase zeta class-like isoform X1, thioredoxin M-type 4, and 2-alkenal reductase (NADP+-dependent)-like), metabolism (i.e., carboxylesterases and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase-like 4-like, nicotianamine aminotransferase A-like isoform X3, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase 18-like isoform X1, and FNR, root isozyme 2), cell transport (i.e., non-specific lipid-transfer protein-like protein At2g13820-like and major facilitator superfamily protein), Ca signal and hormone (i.e., calcium-binding protein CML19-like and IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 4-like), gene regulation (i.e., Gag-pol polyprotein) and cell wall modification (i.e., glycosyl hydrolase family 10 protein) might play a role in B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity. Our results are useful not only for our understanding of molecular processes associated with B-induced alleviation of Al-toxicity, but also for obtaining key molecular genes to enhance Al-tolerance of plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi-Ping Qi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- * E-mail:
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Sun L, Liang C, Chen Z, Liu P, Tian J, Liu G, Liao H. Superior aluminium (Al) tolerance of Stylosanthes is achieved mainly by malate synthesis through an Al-enhanced malic enzyme, SgME1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:209-219. [PMID: 24325195 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stylosanthes (stylo) is a dominant leguminous forage in the tropics. Previous studies suggest that stylo has great potential for aluminium (Al) tolerance, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. A novel malic enzyme, SgME1, was identified from the Al-tolerant genotype TPRC2001-1 after 72 h Al exposure by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and the encoding gene was cloned and characterized via heterologous expression in yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots. Internal Al detoxification might be mainly responsible for the 72 h Al tolerance of TPRC2001-1, as indicated by 5.8-fold higher root malate concentrations and approximately two-fold higher Al concentrations in roots and root symplasts of TPRC2001-1 than those of the Al-sensitive genotype Fine-stem. An accompanying increase in malate secretion might also reduce a fraction of Al uptake in TPRC2001-1. Gene and protein expression of SgME1 was only enhanced in TPRC2001-1 after 72 h Al exposure. Overexpressing SgME1 enhanced malate synthesis and rescued yeast, A. thaliana and bean hairy roots from Al toxicity via increasing intracellular malate concentrations and/or accompanied malate exudation. These results provide strong evidence that superior Al tolerance of stylo is mainly conferred by Al-enhanced malate synthesis, functionally controlled by SgME1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Cuiyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Pandao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
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