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Cooper DKC, Satyananda V, Ekser B, van der Windt DJ, Hara H, Ezzelarab MB, Schuurman HJ. Progress in pig-to-non-human primate transplantation models (1998-2013): a comprehensive review of the literature. Xenotransplantation 2014; 21:397-419. [PMID: 25176336 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pig-to-non-human primate model is the standard choice for in vivo studies of organ and cell xenotransplantation. In 1998, Lambrigts and his colleagues surveyed the entire world literature and reported all experimental studies in this model. With the increasing number of genetically engineered pigs that have become available during the past few years, this model is being utilized ever more frequently. METHODS We have now reviewed the literature again and have compiled the data we have been able to find for the period January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2013, a period of 16 yr. RESULTS The data are presented for transplants of the heart (heterotopic and orthotopic), kidney, liver, lung, islets, neuronal cells, hepatocytes, corneas, artery patches, and skin. Heart, kidney, and, particularly, islet xenograft survival have increased significantly since 1998. DISCUSSION The reasons for this are briefly discussed. A comment on the limitations of the model has been made, particularly with regard to those that will affect progression of xenotransplantation toward the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Takita M, Matusmoto S. SUITO index for evaluation of clinical islet transplantation. Cell Transplant 2013; 21:1341-7. [PMID: 22472135 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x636885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The major endpoints for clinical islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes are insulin independence and reduction of hypoglycemic episodes. Both endpoints are influenced by patients' and physicians' preferences regarding the use of exogenous insulin. Therefore, development of an objective endpoint for assessing clinical islet transplantation is desirable. HOMA-beta score is useful in assessing functional β-cell mass. However, this score uses blood insulin levels that are influenced by exogenous insulin injection and therefore is not suitable for patients who receive exogenous insulin. For assessing functional β-cell mass for type 1 diabetic patients after islet transplantation, we created the Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO) index using fasting C-peptide and fasting glucose. The formula of the SUITO index is fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)/[fasting blood glucose − 63 (mg/dl)] × 1500. We demonstrated that, within 1 month of islet transplantation, an average SUITO index of >26 was an excellent predictor of achieving insulin independence. In addition, daily SUITO index scores correlated with a reduction of insulin dose and adversely correlated with blood glucose levels during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Other important endpoints, reduction of hypoglycemic episodes and quality of life, also correlated with the SUITO index. Thus, the SUITO index is excellent for assessing important endpoints (insulin independence, reduction of hypoglycemia, improved quality of life) after allogeneic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morihito Takita
- Baylor Research Institute, 1400 8th Ave., Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA.
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Ross CL, Booth C, Sanders B, Babbar P, Bergman C, Soker T, Sittadjody S, Salvatori M, Al-Shraideh Y, Stratta RJ, Orlando G. Regeneration and bioengineering of transplantable abdominal organs: current status and future challenges. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 13:103-13. [PMID: 23110384 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.732063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most critical issue to organ transplantation is the identification of new sources of organs. The present manuscript illustrates the state-of-the-art regenerative medicine (RM) investigations aiming to manufacturing abdominal organs for transplant purposes. AREAS COVERED This manuscript focuses on research in the bioengineering and regeneration of kidneys, insulin-producing cells, livers and small bowel. The main technology currently under development exploits the seeding of cells on supporting scaffolding material. Despite favorable preliminary results obtained with relatively simple, hollow organs, when more complex organs are considered, the scenario changes dramatically. Investigations are still in early stages, and clinical translation is not yet foreseeable based on current knowledge and information. Obstacles are numerous but we believe the critical factor hampering success is lack of in-depth understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-ECM interactions, as well as the mechanisms with which organs develop in utero. EXPERT OPINION The success of RM to generate transplantable abdominal organs relies heavily on progress in (stem) cell therapies, developmental and ECM biology, and in the thorough understanding of the intricate relationship and interplay between cells and the ECM. This will require enormous investments in financial and medical resources, which ideally should be embarked upon by governments, the private sector and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ross
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Huh JW, Kim YH, Park SJ, Kim DS, Lee SR, Kim KM, Jeong KJ, Kim JS, Song BS, Sim BW, Kim SU, Kim SH, Chang KT. Large-scale transcriptome sequencing and gene analyses in the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) for biomedical research. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:163. [PMID: 22554259 PMCID: PMC3496626 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a human replacement, the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is an invaluable non-human primate model for biomedical research, but the lack of genetic information on this primate has represented a significant obstacle for its broader use. RESULTS Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of 16 tissues originated from two individuals of crab-eating macaque (male and female), and identified genes to resolve the main obstacles for understanding the biological response of the crab-eating macaque. From 4 million reads with 1.4 billion base sequences, 31,786 isotigs containing genes similar to those of humans, 12,672 novel isotigs, and 348,160 singletons were identified using the GS FLX sequencing method. Approximately 86% of human genes were represented among the genes sequenced in this study. Additionally, 175 tissue-specific transcripts were identified, 81 of which were experimentally validated. In total, 4,314 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified and analyzed. Intriguingly, 10.4% of AS events were associated with transposable element (TE) insertions. Finally, investigation of TE exonization events and evolutionary analysis were conducted, revealing interesting phenomena of human-specific amplified trends in TE exonization events. CONCLUSIONS This report represents the first large-scale transcriptome sequencing and genetic analyses of M. fascicularis and could contribute to its utility for biomedical research and basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Je Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update: November-December, 2010. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18:73-6. [PMID: 21342290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2011.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mårten K J Schneider
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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