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Mo X, Huang F, Wu X, Feng J, Zeng J, Chen J. Intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to plain ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial for ED 50 determination using an up-down sequential allocation method. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:325. [PMID: 37749533 PMCID: PMC10519004 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrathecal dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to local anesthetics, has been reported to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia and reduce the required local anesthetic dose. However, the optimal dosage regimen for intrathecal dexmedetomidine combined with plain ropivacaine for cesarean section (CS) remains undetermined. The present study aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to plain ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during CS. METHODS Sixty parturients undergoing CS were randomly assigned to either group: plain ropivacaine 8 mg (Group Rop8) or plain ropivacaine 10 mg (Group Rop10). The initial dosage of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in each group was 5 µg. The effective dose was defined as a bilateral sensory block at the level of T6 or above to pinprick attained within 10 min after intrathecal injection, without the need for supplementary intraoperative epidural anesthesia. Effective or ineffective responses were determined, followed by a 1 µg increment or decrement in the dose of intrathecal dexmedetomidine for the next parturient using up-down sequential allocation. ED50 were calculated using probit regression. RESULTS The ED50 of intrathecal dexmedetomidine with plain ropivacaine was 5.9 µg (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-7.4 µg) in Group Rop8 and 3.1 µg (95% CI, 0.1-4.8 µg) in Group Rop10 (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic stability, side effects, patient satisfaction and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggested that the ED50 of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 8 mg and 10 mg plain ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia during cesarean section was approximately 6 µg and 3 µg, respectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier: ChiCTR2200055928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumian Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiequn Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xie K, Wang YL, Teng WB, He R, Li YH, Huang SQ. The Median Effective Concentration (EC 50) of Epidural Ropivacaine With Different Doses of Oxycodone During Limb Surgery in Elderly Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:808850. [PMID: 35127764 PMCID: PMC8814631 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.808850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxycodone can be used both intravenously and epidurally in elderly patients because of its strong analgesic effect and more slight respiratory inhibition compared with other opioids at the same effect. In this study, we determined the median effective concentration (EC50) of epidural ropivacaine required for great saphenous vein surgery in elderly patients in order to describe its pharmacodynamic interaction with oxycodone. Methods One hundred forty-one elderly patients scheduled for high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein surgery were allocated into three groups in a randomized, double-blinded manner as follows: Q2.5 group (2.5 mg oxycodone), Q5.0 group (5.0 mg oxycodone), and C group (normal saline). Anesthesia, was achieved with epidural ropivacaine and oxycodone. The EC50 of ropivacaine for surgery with different doses of oxycodone was adjusted by using an up-and-down sequential methods with an adjacent concentration gradient at a factor of 0.9 to inhibit analgesia. Anesthesia associated adverse events and recovery, characteristics were also recorded. Results The EC50 of ropivacaine for the great saphenous vein surgery in elderly patients was 0.399% (95% CI, 0.371–0.430%) in the Q2.5 group, 0.396% (95% CI, 0.355–0.441%) in the Q5.0 group, and 0.487% (95% CI, 0.510–0.465%) in the C group, respectively (P < 0.05). Specially, the EC50 of ropivacaine in the Q2.5 and Q5.0 groups was lower than that in the C group (P < 0.01), But the difference between the Q2.5 group and the Q5.0 group was not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Bromage score from the motor block examination, heart rate (HR) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) at each observation time point after epidural administration among the three groups (P > 0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in any of the three groups. Conclusion Oxycodone combined with ropivacaine epidural anesthesia can reduce the EC50 of ropivacaine required for elderly patients undergoing the great saphenous vein surgery. There was no significant difference in anesthesia associated adverse events among the three groups. The recommended dose of oxycodone is 2.5 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Teng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Qin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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Kanawati S, Barada MA, Naja Z, Rajab O, Sinno L, El Hasan J. Comparison of clinical effects of meperidine and sufentanil added to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. J Anesth 2022; 36:201-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-021-03031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huang H, Wang S, Lin R, He Z. Sufentanil for Spinal Analgesia during Cesarean Section Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:4741141. [PMID: 36105787 PMCID: PMC9453095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4741141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of sufentanil for spinal analgesia during cesarean section. METHOD Eligible papers were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and ScienceDirect. Two researchers independently extracted primary and secondary endpoints to compute relative risk and mean difference by using the random-effects model or the fixed-effects model, as appropriate. Publication bias was quantified and assessed using funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULT A total of 8 publications with 503 pregnant women were included in this study for meta-analysis. Subarachnoid administration of sufentanil did not significantly reduce the onset time of sensory block and motor block. Nonetheless, subarachnoid administration of sufentanil significantly increased the incidence of postoperative skin pruritus (RR = 5.25, 95%CI: 1.90, 14.49, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Subarachnoid administration of sufentanil has no significant difference in the combined effect value of shortening the onset time of sensory block and motor block, prolonging the onset time of local anesthesia and the incidence of some adverse reactions (such as postoperative nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and tremors). However, the incidence of skin pruritus was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant. Because of this, the drug still needs to be used with caution in combination with the actual situation in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Wanning, Hainan 571500, China
| | - Shiwu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chengmai County, Chengmai 571900, China
| | - Rujun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Wanning, Hainan 571500, China
| | - Zhongrun He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Second People's Hospital, Wuzhishan 572299, China
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Zhang X, Wang J, An XH, Chao YC, Bian Y, Xu Z, Xu T. Optimum dose of spinal ropivacaine with or without single intravenous bolus of S-ketamine during elective cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind, sequential dose-finding study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:746. [PMID: 34736438 PMCID: PMC8567718 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal hypotension after spinal anaesthesia occurs at a high rate during caesarean delivery and can lead to adverse maternal or foetal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of spinal ropivacaine for caesarean section with or without intravenous single bolus of S-ketamine and to observe the rates of hypotension associated with both methods. Methods Eighty women undergoing elective caesarean delivery were randomly allocated into either a ropivacaine only or ropivacaine with intravenous S-ketamine group. If the upper sensory level of the patient reached T6 and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores remained below 3 points before delivery, the next patient had a 1/9th chance of receiving a lower dose or an 8/9th chance of receiving the same dose as the previous patient. If the patient had VAS scores of more than 2 points or needed an extra epidural rescue bolus before delivery, a higher dose was used for the next patient. The primary outcome was the successful use of spinal ropivacaine to maintain patient VAS score of < 3 points before delivery and the incidence of post-spinal hypotension in both groups. Secondary outcomes included the rates of hypotension-related symptoms and interventions, upper sensory level of anaesthesia, level of sedation, neonatal outcomes, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at admission and discharge, and post-operative analgesic effect. The 90% effective dose (ED90) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by isotonic regression. Results The estimated ED90 of ropivacaine was 11.8 mg (95% CI: 11.7–12.7) with and 14.7 mg (95% CI: 14.6–16.0) without intravenous S-ketamine, using biased coin up-down sequential dose-finding method. The rates of hypotension and associated symptoms were significantly lower in S-ketamine group than in the ropivacaine only group. Conclusions A spinal dose of ropivacaine 12 mg with a single intravenous 0.15 mg/kg bolus dose of S-ketamine may significantly reduce the risk of hypotension and induce sedation before delivery. This method may be used with appropriate caution for women undergoing elective caesarean delivery and at a high risk of hypotension or experiencing extreme nervousness. Trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000040375; 28/11/2020). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-04229-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Henshan Road 910, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Henshan Road 910, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hu An
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Henshan Road 910, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chieh Chao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Henshan Road 910, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Bian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Henshan Road 910, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Henshan Road 910, Shanghai, China.
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Seki H, Shiga T, Mihara T, Hoshijima H, Hosokawa Y, Hyuga S, Fujita T, Koshika K, Okada R, Kurose H, Ideno S, Ouchi T. Effects of intrathecal opioids on cesarean section: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Anesth 2021; 35:911-927. [PMID: 34338864 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-021-02980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the beneficial and harmful effects of opioids used as adjuncts to local anesthetics in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. METHODS We searched electronic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until March, 2021 without language restrictions. The primary outcome was the complete analgesia duration (Time to VAS > 0). Data were synthesized using the Bayesian random-effects model. Evidence confidence was evaluated using the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis. RESULTS We identified 66 placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 4400 patients undergoing elective cesarean section. Compared with the placebo, intrathecal opioids (fentanyl, sufentanil, and morphine) significantly prolonged the analgesia duration by 96, 96, and 190 min, respectively (mean difference). Despite morphine ranking first, opioid efficacy was similar; the results were inconsistent with respect to other analgesic outcomes. Except for diamorphine, all opioids were associated with significant increases in the pruritus incidence. Sufentanil and morphine were associated with increases in the respiratory depression incidence. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that intrathecal opioids benefit postoperative analgesia. Although morphine seems to be the most appropriate agent, some results were inconsistent, and the evidence confidence was often moderate or low, especially for adverse outcomes. Well-designed RCTs with an evidence-based approach are imperative for determining the most appropriate opioid for cesarean sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Seki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, ShinkawaTokyo, Mitaka, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Shiga
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hoshijima
- Division of Dento-Oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Hosokawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hyuga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoe Fujita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Koshika
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reina Okada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kurose
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ideno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ouchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Chen XR, Gao T, Zhang Y, Peng MQ. Addition of low-dose sufentanil to ropivacaine for reducing shivering and visceral traction pain during cesarean section. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211017000. [PMID: 34038198 PMCID: PMC8161908 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211017000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy of low-dose sufentanil for preventing shivering and visceral traction pain during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 112 full-term parturients who underwent elective caesarean delivery were randomly divided into two groups. Group R received 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine intrathecally and group RS received 0.75% isobaric ropivacaine plus 5 µg sufentanil intrathecally. Results There were no significant differences in the maximum sensory block time, motor block time, duration of the surgery, and heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and blood oxygen saturation before and 1, 5, and 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia, and at the end of the surgery between the two groups. Shivering was significantly more common in group R (n = 30) than in group RS (n = 8). The incidence of visceral traction pain in group R (46.43%) was significantly higher than that in group RS (14.29%). There was no significant difference in the newborns’ Apgar scores between the groups. Conclusion Adding low-dose sufentanil to ropivacaine can significantly reduce the incidence of shivering and visceral traction pain after spinal anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Qing Peng
- Department of Anesthesia, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mei Z, Ngan Kee WD, Sheng ZM, Hu LJ, Wu ZH, Lyu CC, Chen XZ, Qian XW. Comparative dose-response study of hyperbaric ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in singleton versus twin pregnancies. J Clin Anesth 2020; 67:110068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu L, Drzymalski D, Xu W, Zhang W, Wang L, Xiao F. Dose dependent reduction in median effective concentration (EC 50) of ropivacaine with adjuvant dexmedetomidine in labor epidural analgesia: An up-down sequential allocation study. J Clin Anesth 2020; 68:110115. [PMID: 33142249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Adjuvant dexmedetomidine can be used to reduce the required concentration of ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia. However, the potency of dexmedetomidine has not been fully studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of ropivacaine with adjuvant dexmedetomidine. DESIGN Prospective, double-blind, up-down sequential allocation study. SETTING Academic medical center specializing in the care of women and children. PATIENTS One hundred and fifty healthy, term parturients requesting labor epidural analgesia were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 different concentrations of dexmedetomidine: 0 μg/ml, 0.3 μg/ml, 0.4 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, or 0.6 μg/ml. INTERVENTIONS The study solution for the first patient in each group included the randomly assigned concentration of dexmedetomidine in 0.1% ropivacaine. Subsequent patients in each randomization group received the assigned concentration of dexmedetomidine in a new concentration of ropivacaine as determined by the up-down allocation methodology. Effective analgesia was defined as pain on the visual analogue scale of<3 at30 min after administration of local anesthetic. The up-down sequential allocation method and probit regression were used to calculate the EC50 of epidural ropivacaine. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was pain 30 min after administration of local anesthetic via epidural catheter. Exploratory outcomes included side effects, neonatal outcomes, and obstetric outcomes. MAIN RESULTS The EC50 values for ropivacaine in dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, and 0.6 μg/ml (0.044% [95% CI 0.036% to 0.045%], 0.035% [95% CI 0.031% to 0.041%], and 0.039% [95% CI 0.034% to 0.045%], respectively) were lower compared to ropivacaine in dexmedetomidine 0 μg/ml and 0.3 μg/ml (0.086% [95% CI 0.081% to 0.092%], and, 0.069% [95% CI 0.056% to 0.076%], respectively). Differences between EC50 values for ropivacaine in dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, and 0.6 μg/ml were not statistically significant. Results of our exploratory analyses did not reveal differences in side effects, neonatal outcomes, or obstetric outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the lowest concentration of dexmedetomidine in ropivacaine with the greatest clinical effect was 0.4 μg/ml, which is important because there may be no additional analgesic benefit of dexmedetomidine greater than 0.4 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing City, China
| | - Dan Drzymalski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing City, China
| | - Wangping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing City, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing City, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing City, China.
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Yu W, Wu X, Liu L, Long B, Tian Y, Ma C, Dong Y. The Median Effective Dose of One Intravenous Bolus of Oxycodone for Postoperative Analgesia After Myomectomy and Hysterectomy With Local Ropivacaine Wound Infiltration: An Up-Down Dose-Finding Study. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1599-1606. [PMID: 33079884 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxycodone has been shown to be an effective analgesic for early postoperative analgesia, especially for abdominal operations associated with severe visceral pain. However, the dose needed varies depending on the operation and application of multimodal analgesia, such as local ropivacaine wound infiltration. Therefore, we conducted this study to estimate the median effective dose (ED50) of oxycodone that provides analgesia for hysterectomy and myomectomy with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. METHODS In this dose-finding study, the ED50 of oxycodone for postoperative analgesia was estimated separately for laparoscopic hysterectomy, transabdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and transabdominal myomectomy. We used the sequential allocation designed by Dixon. Trials were conducted simultaneously in the 4 surgical type groups. A predefined dose of oxycodone was injected 30 minutes before the end of the operation with an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg. A series of trials were performed following the rule of a relative 10% increase in dose after inadequate analgesia and a relative 10% decrease in dose after adequate analgesia. The study was conducted until the collection of 7 crossover points was achieved. Local ropivacaine wound infiltration was administered during abdominal stitching. The mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were analyzed to assess the hemodynamic changes associated with oxycodone administration. RESULTS A total of 113 patients were included in the estimation of ED50: 28 each in the laparoscopic hysterectomy group and transabdominal myomectomy group, 27 in the transabdominal hysterectomy group, and 30 in the laparoscopic myomectomy group. The estimated oxycodone ED50 (95% confidence interval [CI]) after laparoscopic hysterectomy, transabdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy, and transabdominal myomectomy was 0.060 mg/kg (0.053-0.068), 0.079 mg/kg (0.072-0.086), 0.060 mg/kg (0.051-0.071), and 0.092 mg/kg (0.086-0.098), respectively, for postoperative analgesia with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. The ED50 of oxycodone was different between laparoscopic surgeries and transabdominal surgeries (P < .001). The MBP and HR before and after oxycodone injection were different, regardless of surgical type. CONCLUSIONS The oxycodone ED50 for postoperative analgesia was lower for laparoscopic hysterectomy (0.060 mg/kg) and laparoscopic myomectomy (0.060 mg/kg) than for transabdominal hysterectomy (0.079 mg/kg) and transabdominal myomectomy (0.092 mg/kg) when combined with local ropivacaine wound infiltration. A single intravenous injection of oxycodone is associated with an acceptable decrease in MBP and HR within a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantong Yu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Subramani Y, Nagappa M, Kumar K, Fochesato LA, Chohan MBY, Zhu YF, Armstrong K, Singh SI. Effect of intrathecal lipophilic opioids on the incidence of shivering in women undergoing cesarean delivery after spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and bayesian network meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:214. [PMID: 32847522 PMCID: PMC7448354 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shivering is a common side effect in women having cesarean delivery (CD) under spinal anesthesia, which can be bothersome to the patient, and it can also interfere with perioperative monitoring. In several studies, the intrathecal (IT) addition of a lipophilic opioid to local anesthetics has been shown to decrease the incidence of shivering. Objective We performed this network meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of intrathecal lipophilic opioids in preventing the incidence of shivering in patients undergoing CD. Methods This review was planned according to the PRISMA for Network Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-NMA) guidelines. An English literature search of multiple electronic databases was conducted. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported on the incidence of shivering, with study groups receiving either IT fentanyl, sufentanil, or meperidine in women undergoing CD under spinal anesthesia. Quality of the studies was assessed using the modified Oxford scoring system. Using random-effects modeling, dichotomous data were extracted and summarized using odds ratio (OR) with a 95% credible interval (CrI). Statistical analysis was conducted using R studio version 1.0.153 - Inc. Results Twenty-one studies consisting of 1433 patients (Control group: 590 patients in twenty-one studies; Fentanyl group:199 patients in seven studies; Sufentanil group: 156 patients in five studies; Meperidine group: 488 patients in ten studies) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review investigating the effect of intrathecal lipophilic opioids in preventing the incidence of shivering in women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Methodological validity scores ranged from 3 to 7. The Bayesian mixed network estimate showed the incidence of shivering was significantly lower with IT fentanyl (pooled odds ratio (OR): 0.13; 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.04 to 0.35; P = 0.0004) and IT meperidine (OR: 0.12; 95% CrI: 0.05 to 0.29; P < 0.00001), but not with IT sufentanil (OR: 0.37; 95% CrI: 0.11 to 1.22; P = 0.23). The IT fentanyl group had a significantly lower incidence of intraoperative discomfort [Risk Ratio (RR): 0.19; 95% CI: 0.10–0.35; P < 0.00001], the IT sufentanil group had a significantly higher incidence of pruritus (RR: 6.18; 95% CI: 1.18–32.46; P = 0.03) The IT meperidine group had a significantly lower incidence of intraoperative discomfort (2.7% vs. 13.6%; RR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09–0.55; P = 0.001), but there was a significant increase in nausea and vomiting (IT meperidine group vs. Control group: 42.7% vs. 19.4%; RR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.14–5.75; P = 0.02). Meta-regression analysis based on the opioid dose and quality of the study did not impact the final inference of our result. Conclusion IT fentanyl significantly decreased the incidence of shivering in women undergoing CD under spinal anesthesia without increasing maternal adverse events, confirming that routine use in this patient population is a good choice. IT sufentanil did not decrease the incidence of shivering. IT meperidine decreased the incidence and severity of shivering, but its use was also associated with significant nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Subramani
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre- University Hospital, (LHSC-UH) , London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mahesh Nagappa
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre- University Hospital, (LHSC-UH) , London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre- Victoria Hospital, (LHSC-VH) , London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Fochesato
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moaz Bin Yunus Chohan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Fei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre- University Hospital, (LHSC-UH) , London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Armstrong
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sudha Indu Singh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre- University Hospital, (LHSC-UH) , London, Ontario, Canada
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Bi YH, Wu JM, Zhang YZ, Zhang RQ. Effect of Different Doses of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant Combined With Hyperbaric Ropivacaine in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:342. [PMID: 32265713 PMCID: PMC7098998 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of different doses of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Methods Seventy-five parturients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II were anesthetized with intrathecal ropivacaine (12.5 mg) alone (R group) or in combination with dexmedetomidine 3 μg (RD3 group) and 5 μg (RD5 group) to undergo a cesarean section. The anesthetic parameters, postoperative analgesia, stress responses and neonates outcomes were monitored. Results The onset time of sensory block to T10, T4, and peak level in the RD3 group and RD5 group were significantly shorter than those in the R group (p < 0.05). The time of the level of sensory block to descend two segments and to T10 in the RD3 group(57.28 ± 16.65 min, 3.87 ± 1.60 h) and RD5 group (71.92 ± 10.10 min, 3.99 ± 1.06 h) were longer than that in the R group (40.64 ± 12.06 min, 1.98 ± 1.01 h) (p < 0.05). The median time of motor blockade to both legs score 3 on the Bromage scale (B3B3) in the RD3 group and RD5 group was shorter than that in the R group (p < 0.001). The time of motor blockade recovery to both legs score 0 on the Bromage scale (B0B0) in the RD5 group (3.6 h) was longer than that in the R group (2 h) or RD3 group (2.2 h) (p < 0.001). Visceral traction response and abdominal muscle relaxation during the operation in the RD3 group and the RD5 group were better than that in the R group. The Visual Analogue Score (VAS) in the 12 h after the operation in the RD3 group (3.30 ± 1.17) and RD5 group (2.80 ± 0.87) was smaller than that in the R group (3.80 ± 1.47) (p < 0.05). The incidence of shivering in the RD3 group and RD5 group was significantly lower than that in the R group (p < 0.05). The postoperative concentrations of c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cortisol in the RD3 and RD5 groups were lower than that in the R group (p < 0.05). Conclusion 3 µg intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine improved intraoperative somato-visceral sensory block characteristics and postoperative analgesia, alleviated shivering in parturients, and did not prolong the time of motor block or produce any side effects, which makes this dose appropriate for cesarean delivery. Cinical Trial Registration ChiCTR, identifier ChiCTR1800014454. Registered 15 January 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=24613&htm=4
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Min Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China and Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Tang Y, Yang M, Fu F, Huang X, Feng Y, Chen X. Comparison of the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine co-administered with or without intrathecal dexmedetomidine for cesarean section: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized dose-response trial using up-down sequential allocation method. J Clin Anesth 2020; 62:109725. [PMID: 32036258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Studies have showed that intrathecal dexmedetomidine as supplements to local anesthetics can improve the quality of the spinal anesthesia and reduce the local anesthetic requirement of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. However, the magnitude of this effect has not been fully quantified. Therefore, we conducted the present study to investigate the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine with or without dexmedetomidine for cesarean section in healthy parturients. ED50 values obtained were compared to estimate the effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine versus placebo on ropivacaine requirement. DESIGN Single-blinded, prospective, randomized study. SETTING Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. PATIENTS Sixty healthy parturients under elective cesarean section with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomized into Group C (intrathecal ropivacaine alone) and Group D (intrathecal ropivacaine + 5 μg dexmedetomidine). INTERVENTIONS The dose of intrathecal ropivacaine for the first parturient in both groups was 11 mg. An increment or decrement of 0.5 mg intrathecal ropivacaine was made for the subsequent parturient based on the effective or ineffective response of the previous parturient. Effective dose was defined as a bilateral T6 or above sensory block level was achieved within 15 min after induce of spinal anesthesia and no additional epidural anesthetics was required during surgery. The Dixon and Massay sequential method and Probit regression were applied to calculate the ED50 of intrathecal ropivacaine in both groups. MEASUREMENTS Characteristics of spinal anesthesia and side effects were recorded. MAIN RESULTS The ED50 of hyperbaric ropivacaine calculated by Dixon and Massay formula was 11.4 mg (95% CI, 11.1-11.7 mg) in Group C, and 9.4 mg (95% CI, 9.0-9.7 mg) in Group D (P < 0.05). While using the Probit regression, the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine was 11.1 mg (95% CI, 10.7-11.6 mg) in Group C, and 9.1 mg (95% CI, 8.6-9.5 mg) in Group D. Shivering was less observed in Group D than in Group C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the onset time of sensory block or motor block, the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, nausea and vomiting, sedation and pruritus between the two groups. CONCLUSION Under the conditions of the present study, intrathecal dexmedetomidine (5 μg) reduced the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine by approximately 18% for cesarean section in healthy parturients under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Tang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Meijuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Kunpeng Road 369#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Xueshi Road 1#, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Zhang YW, Zhang J, Hu JQ, Wen CL, Dai SY, Yang DF, Li LF, Wu QB. Neuraxial adjuvants for prevention of perioperative shivering during cesarean section: A network meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2287-2301. [PMID: 31531322 PMCID: PMC6718794 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i16.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative shivering is clinically common during cesarean sections under neuraxial anesthesia, and several neuraxial adjuvants are reported to have preventive effects on it. However, the results of current studies are controversial and the effects of these neuraxial adjuvants remain unclear.
AIM To evaluate the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering during cesarean sections, thus providing an optimal choice for clinical application.
METHODS A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines. Analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases for eligible clinical trials assessing the effects of neuraxial adjuvants on perioperative shivering and other adverse events during cesarean sections. Perioperative shivering was defined as the primary endpoint, and nausea, vomiting, pruritus, hypotension, and bradycardia were the secondary outcomes.
RESULTS Twenty-six studies using 9 neuraxial adjuvants for obstetric anesthesia during caesarean sections were included. The results showed that, compared with placebo, pethidine, fentanyl, dexmedetomidine, and sufentanil significantly reduced the incidence of perioperative shivering. Among the four neuraxial adjuvants, pethidine was the most effective one for shivering prevention (OR = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.07-0.35, surface under the cumulative ranking curve 83.9), but with a high incidence of nausea (OR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.04-9.57) and vomiting (OR = 3.71, 95%CI: 1.81-7.58). The efficacy of fentanyl for shivering prevention was slightly inferior to pethidine (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.09-0.43), however, it significantly decreased the incidence of nausea (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.15-0.79) and vomiting (OR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.11-0.56). In addition, compared with sufentanil, fentanyl showed no impact on haemodynamic stability and the incidence of pruritus.
CONCLUSION Pethidine, fentanyl, dexmedetomidine, and sufentanil appear to be effective for preventing perioperative shivering in puerperae undergoing cesarean sections. Considering the risk-benefit profiles of the included neuraxial adjuvants, fentanyl is probably the optimal choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Pain, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Lei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Yang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruian People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Feng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Fang Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Qi-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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15
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Xia F, Chang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Xiao F. The effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on the dose requirement of hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized study. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:74. [PMID: 29935528 PMCID: PMC6015661 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that dexmedetomidine (Dex) can prolong the duration of analgesia when added to local anaesthetic as an adjuvant in a central or peripheral nerve block. We hypothesized that intrathecal Dex can reduce the ED95 of spinal hyperbaric bupivacaine. Therefore, we conducted this prospective, double-blinded, randomized study to verify our hypothesis. Methods Ninety patients were allocated into the Dexmedetomidine group (received bupivacaine + 5 mcg dexmedetomidine) and the Control group (received bupivacaine + the same volume of saline) using a double-blinded and randomized method. The first patient in each group received 5 mg of IT hyperbaric bupivacaine, and the next dose for the following patient was determined by the probability of successful anaesthesia of the previous neighbouring dose. An improved up-down sequence allocated method combined with probit analysis was used to determine the ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for the two groups. Results The ED95 and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of IT hyperbaric bupivacaine of the Dex group and Control group were 8.4 mg (95% CI, 6.5~ 13.8 mg) and 12.1 mg (95% CI, 8.3~ 312.8 mg), respectively. The duration of sensory block was longer in the Dex group than in the Control group (110.3 ± 35.3 vs 67.5 ± 26.2). The duration of analgesia was also longer in the Dex group than in the Control group (224.9 ± 45.4 vs 155.1 ± 31.6). The consumption of postoperative rescued sufentanil was significantly higher in the Control group than in the Dex group. Conclusion Intrathecal 5 mcg dexmedetomidine potentiated hyperbaric bupivacaine antinociception by 31% in spinal anaesthesia for patients undergoing caesarean section. Trial registration We registered this study in a Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) centre on Nov 1st 2016 and received the registration number: ChiCTR-IPR-16009699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Chang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinfa Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Anaesthesia, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang W, Wu H. ED50 of intrathecal ropivacaine for cesarean section under prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine: A consort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8319. [PMID: 29095263 PMCID: PMC5682782 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section can decrease the spread of local anesthetics. We investigated the ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine in parturient women undergoing cesarean section under prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine. METHODS Sixty parturient women were allocated into 2 groups in this prospective study. Group P received 0.5 mL kg h of phenylephrine (5 mg/50 mL) at the start of intrathecal injection, and Group C (control group) received the same volume of saline. The dose of intrathecal ropivacaine for each subject was decided through up-down allocation method. The initial dose was set as 7.5 mg. Successful anesthesia was defined as the level of T6 or above achieved within 15 minutes after intrathecal injection and no additional epidural drug or venous analgesia to complete operation. The Massey formula was applied to calculate the ED50 of intrathecal ropivacaine in both groups. RESULTS The ED50 of hyperbaric ropivacaine determined by up-and-down method was 7.2 mg (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.8-7.6 mg) in the Group P, and 6.8 mg (95% CI, 6.4-7.2 mg) in the Group C, there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P < .5). The ED50 of intrathecal ropivacaine increases compared with Group C when phenylephrine is prophylactic infused to prevent spinal induced hypotension in cesarean section. CONCLUSION The ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine is 7.2 mg when phenylephrine is prophylactic infused to prevent spinal induced hypotension in cesarean section, and more ropivacaine demands on spinal anesthesia for cesarean section (www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR-RIC-17011650).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanbin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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17
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She YJ, Zheng X, Zhao BS, Zeng MT, Tan YH, Song XR. Body height and the spread of spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a prospective controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:824-831. [PMID: 28653319 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No conclusive evidence exists on the effect of patient height on the spread of spinal anaesthesia. Our aim was to measure the ED50 and ED95 values of intrathecal ropivacaine in taller and shorter patients, and thus investigate the hypothesis that the spinal dose requirement in shorter patients is lower than that in taller patients undergoing caesarean section. METHODS In this study, 270 pregnant women were assigned to the taller (Group T) or shorter group (Group S) based on their heights. Subjects in both groups were further randomly assigned to one of nine subgroups based on the dosage of intrathecal isobaric ropivacaine to be administered (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 mg respectively). RESULTS The ED50 and ED95 values of ropivacaine were 9.24 mg and 13.36 mg in Group S, and 10.11 mg and 14.63 mg in Group T, with no inter-group difference (P = 0.886). There was a significant inter-group difference in the incidence of hypotension and the changes in mean arterial pressure after spinal anaesthesia using 15 mg ropivacaine. The dose of ephedrine administered in Group S was higher than that in Group T when 15 mg ropivacaine was administered (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION The taller and shorter patients did not respond differently to modest intrathecal doses of ropivacaine. However, a larger dose of ropivacaine was associated with an increased incidence of hypotension in shorter patients compared to that in taller patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.-J. She
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - X. Zheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - B.-S. Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - M.-T. Zeng
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Y.-H. Tan
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - X.-R. Song
- Department of Anaesthesiology; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
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Xiao F, Xu W, Feng Y, Fu F, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen X. Intrathecal magnesium sulfate does not reduce the ED 50 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean delivery in healthy parturients: a prospective, double blinded, randomized dose-response trial using the sequential allocation method. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:8. [PMID: 28095795 PMCID: PMC5240204 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Addition of intrathecal magnesium sulfate to local anesthetics has been reported to potentiate spinal anesthesia and prolong analgesia in parturients. The current study was to determine whether intrathecal magnesium sulfate would reduce the dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and sufentanil for cesarean delivery. Methods Sixty healthy parturients undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 5 μg sufentanil with either 0.9% sodium chloride (Control group) or 50% magnesium sulfate (50 mg) (Magnesium group). Effective anesthesia was defined as a bilateral T5 sensory block level achieved within 10 min of intrathecal drug administration and no additional epidural anesthetic was required during surgery. Characteristic of spinal anesthesia and the incidence of side effects were observed. The ED50 for both groups was calculated using the Dixon and Massey formula. Results There was no significant difference in the ED50 of bupivacaine between the Magnesium group and the Control group (4.9 mg vs 4.7 mg) (P = 0.53). The duration of spinal anesthesia (183 min vs 148 min, P < 0.001) was longer, the consumption of fentanyl during the first 24 h postoperatively (343 μg vs 550 μg, P < 0.001) was lower in the Magnesium group than that in the Control group. Conclusions Intrathecal magnesium sulfate (50 mg) did not reduce the dose requirement of intrathecal bupivacaine, but can extend the duration of spinal anesthesia with no obvious additional side effects. Trial registration This study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) on 15 Jul. 2014 and was given a trial ID number ChiCTR-TRC-14004954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinfa Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Xu Z, Shen F, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Chen X, Liu Z. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with hypobaric ropivacaine in sitting position significantly increases the incidence of hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean section. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 43:669-675. [PMID: 28026887 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Fuyi Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yiyi Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xiubing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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Xiao F, Xu WP, Zhang YF, Liu L, Liu X, Wang LZ. The Dose-response of Intrathecal Ropivacaine Co-administered with Sufentanil for Cesarean Delivery under Combined Spinal-epidural Anesthesia in Patients with Scarred Uterus. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2577-82. [PMID: 26415793 PMCID: PMC4736859 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.166036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal anesthesia is considered as a reasonable anesthetic option in lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. This study was to determine the dose-response of intrathecal ropivacaine in patients with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Methods: Seventy-five patients with scarred uterus undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients received 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mg intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine with 5 μg sufentanil. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T4 sensory level achieved with no need for epidural supplementation. The 50% effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) were calculated with a logistic regression model. Results: ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine for patients with scarred uterus undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were 8.28 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28–9.83 mg) and 12.24 mg (95% CI: 10.53–21.88 mg), respectively. Conclusion: When a CSEA technique is to use in patients with scarred uterus for an elective cesarean delivery, the ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal hyperbaric ropivacaine along with 5 μg sufentanil were 8.28 mg and 12.24 mg, respectively. In addition, this local anesthetic is unsuitable for emergent cesarean delivery, but it has advantages for ambulatory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-Zhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital; Jiaxing Genetic and Reproductive Medicine Research Institute, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314050, China
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21
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Xiao F, Xu WP, Zhang XM, Zhang YF, Wang LZ, Chen XZ. ED 50 and ED 95 of intrathecal bupivacaine coadministered with sufentanil for cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural in severely preeclamptic patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:285-90. [PMID: 25635420 PMCID: PMC4837855 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.150083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal anesthesia was considered as a reasonable anesthetic option in severe preeclampsia when cesarean delivery is indicated, and there is no indwelling epidural catheter or contraindication to spinal anesthesia. However, the ideal dose of intrathecal bupivacaine has not been quantified for cesarean delivery for severe preeclamptic patients. This study aimed to determine the ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for severely preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Methods: Two hundred severely preeclamptic patients are undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients received 4 mg, 6 mg, 8 mg, or 10 mg intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine with 2.5 μg sufentanil. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T6 sensory level achieved within 10 minutes after intrathecal drug administration and/or no epidural supplement was required during the cesarean section. The ED50 and ED95 were calculated with a logistic regression model. Results: ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for successful spinal anesthesia were 5.67 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.20–6.10 mg) and 8.82 mg (95% CI: 8.14–9.87 mg) respectively. The incidence of hypotension in Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was higher than that in Group 4 mg and Group 6 mg (P < 0.05). The sensory block was significantly different among groups 10 minutes after intrathecal injection (P < 0.05). The use of lidocaine in Group 4 mg was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine in Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The lowest systolic blood pressure before the infant delivery of Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was lower than the other two groups (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of muscle relaxation in Group 4 mg was lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and the newborns’ Apgar score and the blood gas analysis of umbilical artery serum (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that the ED50 and ED95 of intrathecal bupivacaine for severely preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery were 5.67 mg and 8.82 mg, respectively. In addition, decreasing the dose of intrathecal bupivacaine could reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
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22
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Li H, Li Y, He R. Sparing effects of sufentanil on epidural ropivacaine in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate surgery. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:832-7. [PMID: 25837193 PMCID: PMC4397457 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the sparing effect of sufentanil on the median effective concentration (EC₅₀) of epidural ropivacaine in elderly patients undergoing elective transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective randomized double-blind dose-response study. Fifty eight elderly patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II who were scheduled for TURP surgery under epidural anesthesia were randomly allocated to a group receiving 15 mL of ropivacaine (group R) or a group receiving ropivacaine plus 5 μg of sufentanil (group RS). The concentration of ropivacaine was determined by a Dixon's up-and-down sequential allocation. The first participant received 0.3% of ropivacaine in both groups and subsequent concentrations were determined by the response of the previous patient in the same group. The EC₅₀ of epidural ropivacaine was analyzed using the Dixon and Massey method. RESULTS The EC₅₀ of ropivacaine during TURP surgery was 0.186% (95% confidence interval, 0.173-0.200%) in group R, and 0.136% (95% confidence interval, 0.127-0.144%) in group RS (p<0.01). No differences in Bromage scale of motor block examination and the onset time of sensory block were observed. CONCLUSION Administration of 5 μg of epidural sufentanil caused a 37% reduction in the EC₅₀ of epidural ropivacaine in elderly patients who underwent TURP surgery. Thus, sufentanil addition during surgery of TURP can decrease the dose of ropivacaine anesthesia required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.; Department of Anesthesiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China.; Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Rui He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Goyal A, Shankaranarayan P, Ganapathi P. A randomized clinical study comparing spinal anesthesia with isobaric levobupivacaine with fentanyl and hyperbaric bupivacaine with fentanyl in elective cesarean sections. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 9:57-62. [PMID: 25886422 PMCID: PMC4383120 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.150169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, racemic bupivacaine is the most popular local anesthetic for spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. With the introduction of levobupivacaine as pure S (-) enantiomer of bupivacaine which offers advantages of lower cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity and shorter motor block duration, its use has widely increased in India. However, very few studies have been conducted about its efficacy in obstetric anesthesia. Thus, this study was undertaken to compare the sensorial, motor block levels, and side-effects of equal doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine and levobupivacaine with intrathecal fentanyl addition in elective cesarean cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS After approval of College Ethical Committee, 30 parturient with American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II undergoing elective cesarean section were enrolled for study with their informed consent. They were randomly divided equally to either Group BF receiving 10 mg (2 ml) hyperbaric bupivacaine and 25 mcg (0.5 ml) fentanyl, or Group LF receiving 10 mg (2 ml) isobaric levobupivacaine and 25 mcg (0.5 ml) fentanyl. Sensory and motor block characteristics of the groups were assessed with pinprick, cold swab, and Bromage scale; observed hemodynamic changes and side-effects were recorded. Effects on the neonate were observed by APGAR score at 1 and 5 min and umbilical cord blood gas analysis. RESULTS Hemodynamic parameters like mean arterial pressure of Group BF were found to be lower. Group BF exhibited maximum motor block level whereas in Group LF, max sensorial block level and postoperative visual analog scale scores were higher. Umbilical blood gas pCO2 was slightly higher, and pO2 was marginally lower in Group BF. Onset of motor block time, time to max motor block, time to T10 sensorial block, reversal of two dermatome, the first analgesic need were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Intrathecal isobaric levobupivacaine-fentanyl combination is a good alternative to hyperbaric bupivacaine-fentanyl combination in cesarean surgery as it is less effective in motor block, it maintains hemodynamic stability at higher sensorial block levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology, KVG Medical College, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
| | - P Shankaranarayan
- Department of Anesthesiology, KVG Medical College, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
| | - P Ganapathi
- Department of Anesthesiology, KVG Medical College, Sullia, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India
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Shen SL, Zheng JY, Zhang J, Wang WY, Jin T, Zhu J, Zhang Q. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and propofol for conscious sedation in awake craniotomy: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47:1391-9. [PMID: 24259599 DOI: 10.1177/1060028013504082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that dexmedetomidine (DEX) can be used for conscious sedation in awake craniotomy, but few data exist to compare DEX versus propofol (PRO). OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of DEX versus PRO for conscious sedation in awake craniotomy. METHODS Thirty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II scheduled for awake craniotomy, were randomized into 2 groups each containing 15 subjects. Group D received DEX and group P received PRO. Two minutes after tracheal intubation (T1), PRO (target plasma concentration) was titrated down to 1 to 4 µg/mL in group P. In group D, PRO was discontinued and DEX was administered 1.0 µg/kg followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2 to 0.7 µg/kg/h. The surgeon preset the anticipated awake point-in-time (T0) preoperatively. Ten minutes before T0 (T3), DEX was titrated down to 0.2 µg/kg/h in group D, PRO was discontinued and normal saline (placebo) 5 mL/h was infused in group P. Arousal time, quality of revival and adverse events during the awake period, degree of satisfaction from surgeons and patients were recorded. RESULTS Arousal time was significantly shorter in group D than in group P (P < .001). The quality of revival during the awake period in group D was similar to that of group P (P = .68). The degree of satisfaction of surgeons was significantly higher in group D than in group P (P < .001), but no difference was found between the 2 groups with respect to patient satisfaction (P = .80). There was no difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of adverse events during the awake period (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Either DEX or PRO can be effectively and safely used for conscious sedation in awake craniotomy. Comparing the two, DEX produced a shorter arousal time and a higher degree of surgeon satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- She-liang Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Kim WH, Lee JH, Ko JS, Ahn HJ, Park SK, Gwak MS, Kim GS. The Effect of Body Mass Index on Spinal Anaesthesia for Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty: A Dose-response Study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40:410-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1204000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the duration of spinal anaesthesia in obese and non-obese subjects. We also quantified the effect of body mass index (BMI) on spinal anaesthesia by comparing the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine required in the two cohorts. One hundred and eight patients undergoing elective total knee replacement arthroplasty under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia were enrolled as a non-obese group (BMI <27.5 kg/m2) or obese (O) group (BMI ≤27.5 kg/m2). Each group was further subdivided by bupivacaine doses of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 mg, respectively. Anaesthesia was deemed successful if a bilateral T12 sensory block occurred within 15 minutes of intrathecal drug administration and epidural supplementation was not required. The ED50 for successful anaesthesia and that for successful block of tourniquet pain were determined separately by probit regression analysis. Although the analgesic duration was prolonged with higher doses of bupivacaine in group O, the ED50 for successful anaesthesia did not differ between groups. However, the incidence of tourniquet pain was lower in group O and the ED50 for block of tourniquet pain was less in group O. This study suggests that bupivacaine dose reduction is not necessary, but analgesic duration may be prolonged in patients with higher BMI. These patients require careful consideration of spinal anaesthetic dose to minimise the risk of unnecessary prolongation of anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. H. Kim
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. H. Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J. S. Ko
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. J. Ahn
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S. K. Park
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M. S. Gwak
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G. S. Kim
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Samsung Seoul Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lyons
- Department of Obstetric Anaesthesia, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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