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Brengdahl MI, Kimber CM, Elias P, Thompson J, Friberg U. Deleterious mutations show increasing negative effects with age in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Biol 2020; 18:128. [PMID: 32993647 PMCID: PMC7526172 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order for aging to evolve in response to a declining strength of selection with age, a genetic architecture that allows for mutations with age-specific effects on organismal performance is required. Our understanding of how selective effects of individual mutations are distributed across ages is however poor. Established evolutionary theories assume that mutations causing aging have negative late-life effects, coupled to either positive or neutral effects early in life. New theory now suggests evolution of aging may also result from deleterious mutations with increasing negative effects with age, a possibility that has not yet been empirically explored. RESULTS To directly test how the effects of deleterious mutations are distributed across ages, we separately measure age-specific effects on fecundity for each of 20 mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. We find that deleterious mutations in general have a negative effect that increases with age and that the rate of increase depends on how deleterious a mutation is early in life. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that aging does not exclusively depend on genetic variants assumed by the established evolutionary theories of aging. Instead, aging can result from deleterious mutations with negative effects that amplify with age. If increasing negative effect with age is a general property of deleterious mutations, the proportion of mutations with the capacity to contribute towards aging may be considerably larger than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phoebe Elias
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Urban Friberg
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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2
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Johnson AA, Shokhirev MN, Shoshitaishvili B. Revamping the evolutionary theories of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100947. [PMID: 31449890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radical lifespan disparities exist in the animal kingdom. While the ocean quahog can survive for half a millennium, the mayfly survives for less than 48 h. The evolutionary theories of aging seek to explain why such stark longevity differences exist and why a deleterious process like aging evolved. The classical mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma theories predict that increased extrinsic mortality should select for the evolution of shorter lifespans and vice versa. Most experimental and comparative field studies conform to this prediction. Indeed, animals with extreme longevity (e.g., Greenland shark, bowhead whale, giant tortoise, vestimentiferan tubeworms) typically experience minimal predation. However, data from guppies, nematodes, and computational models show that increased extrinsic mortality can sometimes lead to longer evolved lifespans. The existence of theoretically immortal animals that experience extrinsic mortality - like planarian flatworms, panther worms, and hydra - further challenges classical assumptions. Octopuses pose another puzzle by exhibiting short lifespans and an uncanny intelligence, the latter of which is often associated with longevity and reduced extrinsic mortality. The evolutionary response to extrinsic mortality is likely dependent on multiple interacting factors in the organism, population, and ecology, including food availability, population density, reproductive cost, age-mortality interactions, and the mortality source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Boris Shoshitaishvili
- Division of Literatures, Cultures, and Languages, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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3
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Hares MC, Vitikainen EIK, Marshall HH, Thompson FJ, Blount JD, Cant MA. Telomere dynamics in wild banded mongooses: Evaluating longitudinal and quasi-longitudinal markers of senescence. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:67-73. [PMID: 28964829 PMCID: PMC5956279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length and the rate of telomere shortening have been suggested as particularly useful physiological biomarkers of the processes involved in senescent decline of somatic and reproductive function. However, longitudinal data on changes in telomere length across the lifespan are difficult to obtain, particularly for long-lived animals. Quasi-longitudinal studies have been proposed as a method to gain insight into telomere dynamics in long-lived species. In this method, minimally replicative cells are used as the baseline telomere length against which telomere length in highly replicative cells (which represent the current state) can be compared. Here we test the assumptions and predictions of the quasi-longitudinal approach using longitudinal telomere data in a wild cooperative mammal, the banded mongoose, Mungos mungo. Contrary to our prediction, telomere length (TL) was longer in leukocytes than in ear cartilage. Longitudinally, the TL of ear cartilage shortened with age, but there was no change in the TL of leukocytes, and we also observed many individuals in which TL increased rather than decreased with age. Leukocyte TL but not cartilage TL was a predictor of total lifespan, while neither predicted post-sampling survival. Our data do not support the hypothesis that cross-tissue comparison in TL can act as a quasi-longitudinal marker of senescence. Rather, our results suggest that telomere dynamics in banded mongooses are more complex than is typically assumed, and that longitudinal studies across whole life spans are required to elucidate the link between telomere dynamics and senescence in natural populations. We find no evidence that somatic tissues can be used as a quasi-longitudinal marker for telomere length in leukocytes. Telomere dynamics in different tissue types appear to be complex and likely to be influenced by telomerase activity. Telomere length may be a useful marker for somatic quality in wild animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Hares
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma I K Vitikainen
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.
| | - Harry H Marshall
- Centre for Research in Ecology, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - Faye J Thompson
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Cant
- University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
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Barks PM, Laird RA. A multigenerational effect of parental age on offspring size but not fitness in common duckweed (Lemna minor). J Evol Biol 2016; 29:748-56. [PMID: 26728747 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Classic theories on the evolution of senescence make the simplifying assumption that all offspring are of equal quality, so that demographic senescence only manifests through declining rates of survival or fecundity. However, there is now evidence that, in addition to declining rates of survival and fecundity, many organisms are subject to age-related declines in the quality of offspring produced (i.e. parental age effects). Recent modelling approaches allow for the incorporation of parental age effects into classic demographic analyses, assuming that such effects are limited to a single generation. Does this 'single-generation' assumption hold? To find out, we conducted a laboratory study with the aquatic plant Lemna minor, a species for which parental age effects have been demonstrated previously. We compared the size and fitness of 423 laboratory-cultured plants (asexually derived ramets) representing various birth orders, and ancestral 'birth-order genealogies'. We found that offspring size and fitness both declined with increasing 'immediate' birth order (i.e. birth order with respect to the immediate parent), but only offspring size was affected by ancestral birth order. Thus, the assumption that parental age effects on offspring fitness are limited to a single generation does in fact hold for L. minor. This result will guide theorists aiming to refine and generalize modelling approaches that incorporate parental age effects into evolutionary theory on senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Barks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - R A Laird
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Chantepie S, Robert A, Sorci G, Hingrat Y, Charmantier A, Leveque G, Lacroix F, Teplitsky C. Quantitative Genetics of the Aging of Reproductive Traits in the Houbara Bustard. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218735 PMCID: PMC4517785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Do all traits within an organism age for the same reason? Evolutionary theories of aging share a common assumption: the strength of natural selection declines with age. A corollary is that additive genetic variance should increase with age. However, not all senescent traits display such increases suggesting that other mechanisms may be at play. Using longitudinal data collected from more than 5400 houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata) with an exhaustive recorded pedigree, we investigated the genetics of aging in one female reproductive trait (egg production) and three male reproductive traits (courtship display rate, ejaculate size and sperm viability), that display senescence at the phenotypic level. Animal models revealed an increase in additive genetic variance with age for courtship display rate and egg production but an unexpected absence of increased additive genetic variance for ejaculate size and no additive genetic variance for sperm viability. Our results suggest that the mechanisms behind the senescence of some traits are linked with a change in genetic expression, whereas for some other traits, aging may result from the constraints associated with physiological wear and tear on the organism throughout the life of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chantepie
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandre Robert
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- UMR CNRS/uB 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Yves Hingrat
- Reneco for Wildlife Preservation, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anne Charmantier
- UMR 5175 CEFE-CNRS Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Lacroix
- Reneco for Wildlife Preservation, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Céline Teplitsky
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Chantepie S, Teplitsky C, Pavard S, Sarrazin F, Descaves B, Lecuyer P, Robert A. Age-related variation and temporal patterns in the survival of a long-lived scavenger. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chantepie
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Céline Teplitsky
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- UMR7206 MNHN-CNRS-UPD, Musée de l'Homme; 17 place du Trocadero FR-75016 Paris France
| | - François Sarrazin
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
| | | | | | - Alexandre Robert
- UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 55, Rue Buffon FR-75005 Paris France
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Vural DC, Morrison G, Mahadevan L. Aging in complex interdependency networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:022811. [PMID: 25353538 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.022811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although species longevity is subject to a diverse range of evolutionary forces, the mortality curves of a wide variety of organisms are rather similar. Here we argue that qualitative and quantitative features of aging can be reproduced by a simple model based on the interdependence of fault-prone agents on one other. In addition to fitting our theory to the empiric mortality curves of six very different organisms, we establish the dependence of lifetime and aging rate on initial conditions, damage and repair rate, and system size. We compare the size distributions of disease and death and see that they have qualitatively different properties. We show that aging patterns are independent of the details of interdependence network structure, which suggests that aging is a many-body effect, and that the qualitative and quantitative features of aging are not sensitively dependent on the details of dependency structure or its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervis C Vural
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greg Morrison
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Economics, IMT Institute for Advanced Studies, Lucca 55100, Italy and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of mortality increase with age among adults is typically used as a measure of the rate of functional decline associated with aging or senescence. While black and white populations differ in the level of mortality, mortality also rises less rapidly with age for blacks than for whites, leading to the well-known black/white mortality “crossover”. OBJECTIVE This paper investigates black/white differences in the rate of mortality increase with age for major causes of death in order to examine the factors responsible for the black/white crossover. METHODS The analysis considers two explanations for the crossover: selective survival and age misreporting. Mortality is modeled using a Gompertz model for 11 causes of death from ages 50–84 among blacks and whites by sex. RESULTS Mortality increases more rapidly with age for whites than for blacks for nearly all causes of death considered. The all-cause mortality rate of mortality increase is nearly two percentage points higher for whites. The analysis finds evidence for both selective survival and age misreporting, although age misreporting is a more prominent explanation among women. CONCLUSIONS The black/white mortality crossover reflects large differences in the rate of age-related mortality increase. Instead of reflecting the impact of specific causes of death, this pattern exists across many disparate disease conditions, indicating the need for a broad explanation.
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Steinsaltz D, Mohan G, Kolb M. Markov models of aging: Theory and practice. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:792-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Robbins AM, Stoinski T, Fawcett K, Robbins MM. Lifetime reproductive success of female mountain gorillas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:582-93. [PMID: 21989942 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies of lifetime reproductive success (LRS) are important for understanding population dynamics and life history strategies, yet relatively little information is available for long-lived species. This study provides a preliminary assessment of LRS among female mountain gorillas in the Virunga volcanoes region. Adult females produced an average of 3.6 ± 2.1 surviving offspring during their lifetime, which indicates a growing population that contrasts with most other great apes. The standardized variance in LRS (variance/mean(2) = 0.34) was lower than many other mammals and birds. When we excluded the most apparent source of environmental variability (poaching), the average LRS increased to 4.3 ± 1.8 and the standardized variance dropped in half. Adult lifespan was a greater source of variance in LRS than fertility or offspring survival. Females with higher LRS had significantly longer adult lifespans and higher dominance ranks. Results for LRS were similar to another standard fitness measurement, the individually estimated finite rate of increase (λ(ind) ), but λ(ind) showed diminishing benefits for greater longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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SHERRATT TN, HASSALL C, LAIRD RA, THOMPSON DJ, CORDERO-RIVERA A. A comparative analysis of senescence in adult damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata). J Evol Biol 2011; 24:810-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Laird RA, Sherratt TN. The evolution of senescence in multi-component systems. Biosystems 2010; 99:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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