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Chakraborty A, Sgrò CM, Mirth CK. The proximate sources of genetic variation in body size plasticity: The relative contributions of feeding behaviour and development in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 135:104321. [PMID: 34653505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Body size is a key life-history trait that influences many aspects of an animal's biology and is shaped by a variety of factors, both genetic and environmental. While we know that locally-adapted populations differ in the extent to which body size responds plastically to environmental conditions like diet, we have a limited understanding of what causes these differences. We hypothesized that populations could differ in the way body size responds to nutrition either by modulating growth rate, development time, feeding rate, or a combination of the above. Using three locally-adapted populations of Drosophila melanogaster from along the east coast of Australia, we investigated body size plasticity across five different diets. We then assessed how these populations differed in feeding behaviour and developmental timing on each of the diets. We observed population-specific plastic responses to nutrition for body size and feeding rate, but not development time. However, differences in feeding rate did not fully explain the differences in the way body size responded to diet. Thus, we conclude that body size variation in locally-adapted populations is shaped by a combination of growth rate and feeding behaviour. This paves the way for further studies that explore how differences in the regulation of the genetic pathways that control feeding behaviour and growth rate contribute to population-specific responses of body size to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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2
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Křemenová J, Bartonička T, Balvín O, Massino C, Reinhardt K, Sasínková M, Weig AR, Otti O. Male diet affects female fitness and sperm competition in human- and bat-associated lineages of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15538. [PMID: 34330972 PMCID: PMC8324850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm performance can vary in ecologically divergent populations, but it is often not clear whether the environment per se or genomic differences arising from divergent selection cause the difference. One powerful and easily manipulated environmental effect is diet. Populations of bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) naturally feed either on bat or human blood. These are diverging genetically into a bat-associated and a human-associated lineage. To measure how male diet affects sperm performance, we kept males of two HL and BL populations each on either their own or the foreign diet. Then we investigated male reproductive success in a single mating and sperm competition context. We found that male diet affected female fecundity and changed the outcome of sperm competition, at least in the human lineage. However, this influence of diet on sperm performance was moulded by an interaction. Bat blood generally had a beneficial effect on sperm competitiveness and seemed to be a better food source in both lineages. Few studies have examined the effects of male diet on sperm performance generally, and sperm competition specifically. Our results reinforce the importance to consider the environment in which sperm are produced. In the absence of gene flow, such differences may increase reproductive isolation. In the presence of gene flow, however, the generally better sperm performance after consuming bat blood suggests that the diet is likely to homogenise rather than isolate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Křemenová
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bartonička
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Balvín
- grid.15866.3c0000 0001 2238 631XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Massino
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markéta Sasínková
- grid.15866.3c0000 0001 2238 631XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alfons R. Weig
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Genomics and Bioinformatics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oliver Otti
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Animal Population Ecology, Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Pointer MD, Gage MJG, Spurgin LG. Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:869-883. [PMID: 33767370 PMCID: PMC8178323 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium have been utilised as informative study systems for over a century and contributed to major advances across many fields. This review serves to highlight the significant historical contribution that Tribolium study systems have made to the fields of ecology and evolution, and to promote their use as contemporary research models. We review the broad range of studies employing Tribolium to make significant advances in ecology and evolution. We show that research using Tribolium beetles has contributed a substantial amount to evolutionary and ecological understanding, especially in the fields of population dynamics, reproduction and sexual selection, population and quantitative genetics, and behaviour, physiology and life history. We propose a number of future research opportunities using Tribolium, with particular focus on how their amenability to forward and reverse genetic manipulation may provide a valuable complement to other insect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Pointer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Matthew J G Gage
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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4
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Macronutrient composition and availability affects repeatability of fly activity through changes in among- and within-individual (residual) variation. Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Koch EL, Sbilordo SH, Guillaume F. Genetic variance in fitness and its cross‐sex covariance predict adaptation during experimental evolution. Evolution 2020; 74:2725-2740. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Koch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zürich 8057 Switzerland
- Department of Animal and Plant Science University of Sheffield Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN United Kingdom
| | - Sonja H. Sbilordo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zürich 8057 Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zürich Winterthurerstr. 190 Zürich 8057 Switzerland
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6
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Patlar B, Ramm SA. Genotype‐by‐environment interactions for seminal fluid expression and sperm competitive ability. J Evol Biol 2019; 33:225-236. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Patlar
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
| | - Steven A. Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
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7
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Patlar B, Weber M, Ramm SA. Genetic and environmental variation in transcriptional expression of seminal fluid proteins. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:595-611. [PMID: 30356222 PMCID: PMC6461930 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are crucial mediators of sexual selection and sexual conflict. Recent studies have chiefly focused on environmentally induced plasticity as one source of variation in SFP expression, particularly in response to differing sperm competition levels. However, understanding the evolution of a trait in heterogenous environments requires estimates of both environmental and genetic sources of variation, as well as their interaction. Therefore, we investigated how environment (specifically mating group size, a good predictor of sperm competition intensity), genotype and genotype-by-environment interactions affect seminal fluid expression. To do so, we reared 12 inbred lines of a simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano in groups of either two or eight worms and measured the expression levels of 58 putative SFP transcripts. We then examined the source of variation in the expression of each transcript individually and for multivariate axes extracted from a principal component analysis. We found that mating group size did not affect expression levels according to the single transcript analyses, nor did it affect the first principal component (presumably representing overall investment in seminal fluid production). However, mating group size did affect the relative expression of different transcripts captured by the second principal component (presumably reflecting variation in seminal fluid composition). Most transcripts were genetically variable in their expression level and several exhibited genotype-by-environment interactions; relative composition also showed high genetic variation. Collectively, our results reveal the tightly integrated nature of the seminal fluid transcriptome and provide new insights into the quantitative genetic basis of seminal fluid investment and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Patlar
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Michael Weber
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steven A Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Influence of artificial selection for duration of death feigning on pre- and post-copulatory traits in male Tribolium castaneum. J ETHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-019-00596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Fox RJ, Gearing EE, Jennions MD, Head ML. Variation in the condition-dependence of individual sexual traits in male eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Fox
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Megan L Head
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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10
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Plesnar-Bielak A, Skwierzyńska AM, Hlebowicz K, Radwan J. Relative costs and benefits of alternative reproductive phenotypes at different temperatures - genotype-by-environment interactions in a sexually selected trait. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:109. [PMID: 29996775 PMCID: PMC6042425 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The maintenance of considerable genetic variation in sexually selected traits (SSTs) is puzzling given directional selection expected to act on these traits. A possible explanation is the existence of a genotype-by-environment (GxE) interaction for fitness, by which elaborate SSTs are favored in some environments but selected against in others. In the current study, we look for such interactions for fitness-related traits in the bulb mite, a male-dimorphic species with discontinuous expression of a heritable SST in the form of enlarged legs that are used as weapons. Results We show that evolution at 18 °C resulted in populations with a higher prevalence of this SST compared to evolution at 24 °C. We further demonstrate that temperature modified male reproductive success in a way that was consistent with these changes. There was a genotype-by-environment interaction for reproductive success – at 18 °C the relative reproductive success of armored males competing with unarmored ones was higher than at the moderate temperature of 24 °C. However, male morph did not have interactive effects with temperature with respect to other life history traits (development time and longevity). Conclusions A male genotype that is associated with the expression of a SST interacted with temperature in determining male reproductive success. This interaction caused an elaborate SST to evolve in different directions (more or less prevalent) depending on the thermal environment. The implication of this finding is that seasonal temperature fluctuations have the potential to maintain male polymorphism within populations. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity in thermal conditions may cause differences among populations in SST selection. This could potentially cause selection against male immigrants from populations in different environments and thus strengthen barriers to gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Plesnar-Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Maria Skwierzyńska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kasper Hlebowicz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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11
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Somjee U, Miller CW, Tatarnic NJ, Simmons LW. Experimental manipulation reveals a trade‐off between weapons and testes. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:57-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Somjee
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - C. W. Miller
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - N. J. Tatarnic
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology Western Australian Museum Welshpool WA Australia
| | - L. W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
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12
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Jeong H, Paik YK. MGL-1 on AIY neurons translates starvation to reproductive plasticity via neuropeptide signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol 2017; 430:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Holman L, Jacomb F. The effects of stress and sex on selection, genetic covariance, and the evolutionary response. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1898-1909. [PMID: 28763136 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of a population to adapt to selection (evolvability) depends on whether the structure of genetic variation permits the evolution of fitter trait combinations. Selection, genetic variance and genetic covariance can change under environmental stress, and males and females are not genetically independent, yet the combined effects of stress and dioecy on evolvability are not well understood. Here, we estimate selection, genetic (co)variance and evolvability in both sexes of Tribolium castaneum flour beetles under stressful and benign conditions, using a half-sib breeding design. Although stress uncovered substantial latent heritability, stress also affected genetic covariance, such that evolvability remained low under stress. Sexual selection on males and natural selection on females favoured a similar phenotype, and there was positive intersex genetic covariance. Consequently, sexual selection on males augmented adaptation in females, and intralocus sexual conflict was weak or absent. This study highlights that increased heritability does not necessarily increase evolvability, suggests that selection can deplete genetic variance for multivariate trait combinations with strong effects on fitness, and tests the recent hypothesis that sexual conflict is weaker in stressful or novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holman
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - F Jacomb
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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14
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Plesnar-Bielak A, Woch KR, Małszycki MA, Alkhawlany ATH, Hołysz A, Assis Correia JF, Turk N, Ugrin M, Kramarz P, Prokop ZM. Larval and adult nutrition effects on reproductive traits in the red flour beetle. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Plesnar-Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - K. R. Woch
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - M. A. Małszycki
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | | | - A. Hołysz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | | | - N. Turk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - M. Ugrin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - P. Kramarz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Z. M. Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
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15
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Prokop ZM, Prus MA, Gaczorek TS, Sychta K, Palka JK, Plesnar-Bielak A, Skarboń M. Do males pay for sex? Sex-specific selection coefficients suggest not. Evolution 2017; 71:650-661. [PMID: 27943275 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia M. Prokop
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Monika A. Prus
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Tomasz S. Gaczorek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Karolina Sychta
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna K. Palka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Agata Plesnar-Bielak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Magdalena Skarboń
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 7 30-387 Krakow Poland
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16
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Mason JS, Rostant WG, Chapman T. Resource limitation and responses to rivals in males of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2010-2021. [PMID: 27338014 PMCID: PMC5082519 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet has a profound direct and indirect effect on reproductive success in both sexes. Variation in diet quality and quantity can significantly alter the capacity of females to lay eggs and of males to deliver courtship. Here, we tested the effect of dietary resource limitation on the ability of male Drosophila melanogaster to respond adaptively to rivals by extending their mating duration. Previous work carried out under ad libitum diet conditions showed that males exposed to rivals prior to mating significantly extend mating duration, transfer more ejaculate proteins and achieve higher reproductive success. Such adaptive responses are predicted to occur because male ejaculate production may be limited. Hence, ejaculate resources require allocation across different reproductive bouts, to balance current vs. future reproductive success. However, when males suffer dietary limitation, and potentially have fewer reproductive resources to apportion, we expect adaptive allocation of responses to rivals to be minimized. We tested this prediction and found that males held on agar‐only diets for 5–7 days lost the ability to extend mating following exposure to rivals. Interestingly, extended mating was retained in males held on low yeast/sugar: no sugar/yeast diet treatments, but was mostly lost when males were maintained on ‘imbalanced’ diets in which there was high yeast: no sugar and vice versa. Overall, the results show that males exhibit adaptive responses to rivals according to the degree of dietary resource limitation and to the ratio of individual diet components.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - W G Rostant
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - T Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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17
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Joseph PN, Sasson DA, Allen PE, Somjee U, Miller CW. Adult nutrition, but not inbreeding, affects male primary sexual traits in the leaf-footed cactus bug Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4792-9. [PMID: 27547313 PMCID: PMC4979707 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse conditions may be the norm rather than the exception in natural populations. Many populations experience poor nutrition on a seasonal basis. Further, brief interludes of inbreeding can be common as population density fluctuates and because of habitat fragmentation. Here, we investigated the effects of poor nutrition and inbreeding on traits that can be very important to reproductive success and fitness in males: testes mass, sperm concentration, and sperm viability. Our study species was Narnia femorata, a species introduced to north-central Florida in the 1950s. This species encounters regular, seasonal changes in diet that can have profound phenotypic effects on morphology and behavior. We generated inbred and outbred individuals through a single generation of full-sibling mating or outcrossing, respectively. All juveniles were provided a natural, high-quality diet of Opuntia humifusa cactus cladode with fruit until they reached adulthood. New adult males were put on a high- or low-quality diet for at least 21 days before measurements were taken. As expected, the low-quality diet led to significantly decreased testes mass in both inbred and outbred males, although there were surprisingly no detectable effects on sperm traits. We did not find evidence that inbreeding affected testes mass, sperm concentration, and sperm viability. Our results highlight the immediate and overwhelming effects of nutrition on testes mass, while suggesting that a single generation of inbreeding might not be detrimental for primary sexual traits in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Joseph
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida 1881 Natural Area Drive Gainesville Florida 32608
| | - Daniel A Sasson
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience University of Florida 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd St. Augustine Florida 32080
| | - Pablo E Allen
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida 1881 Natural Area Drive Gainesville Florida 32608
| | - Ummat Somjee
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida 1881 Natural Area Drive Gainesville Florida 32608
| | - Christine W Miller
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida 1881 Natural Area Drive Gainesville Florida 32608
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18
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Jack CJ, Uppala SS, Lucas HM, Sagili RR. Effects of pollen dilution on infection of Nosema ceranae in honey bees. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 87:12-19. [PMID: 26802559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors are currently threatening honey bee health, including pests and pathogens. Among honey bee pathogens, Nosema ceranae is a microsporidian found parasitizing the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) relatively recently. Honey bee colonies are fed pollen or protein substitute during pollen dearth to boost colony growth and immunity against pests and pathogens. Here we hypothesize that N. ceranae intensity and prevalence will be low in bees receiving high pollen diets, and that honey bees on high pollen diets will have higher survival and/or increased longevity. To test this hypothesis we examined the effects of different quantities of pollen on (a) the intensity and prevalence of N. ceranae and (b) longevity and nutritional physiology of bees inoculated with N. ceranae. Significantly higher spore intensities were observed in treatments that received higher pollen quantities (1:0 and 1:1 pollen:cellulose) when compared to treatments that received relatively lower pollen quantities. There were no significant differences in N. ceranae prevalence among different pollen diet treatments. Interestingly, the bees in higher pollen quantity treatments also had significantly higher survival despite higher intensities of N. ceranae. Significantly higher hypopharyngeal gland protein was observed in the control (no Nosema infection, and receiving a diet of 1:0 pollen:cellulose), followed by 1:0 pollen:cellulose treatment that was inoculated with N. ceranae. Here we demonstrate that diet with higher pollen quantity increases N. ceranae intensity, but also enhances the survival or longevity of honey bees. The information from this study could potentially help beekeepers formulate appropriate protein feeding regimens for their colonies to mitigate N. ceranae problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Jack
- Oregon State University, Dept. of Horticulture, 4017 ALS Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Sai Sree Uppala
- Oregon State University, Dept. of Horticulture, 4017 ALS Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Hannah M Lucas
- Oregon State University, Dept. of Horticulture, 4017 ALS Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ramesh R Sagili
- Oregon State University, Dept. of Horticulture, 4017 ALS Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Sasson DA, Munoz PR, Gezan SA, Miller CW. Resource quality affects weapon and testis size and the ability of these traits to respond to selection in the leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2098-108. [PMID: 27066225 PMCID: PMC4768751 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of weapons and testes can be central to male reproductive success. Yet, the expression of these traits is often extremely variable. Studies are needed that take a more complete organism perspective, investigating the sources of variation in both traits simultaneously and using developmental conditions that mimic those in nature. In this study, we investigated the components of variation in weapon and testis sizes using the leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on three natural developmental diets. We show that the developmental diet has profound effects on both weapon and testis expression and scaling. Intriguingly, males in the medium-quality diet express large weapons but have relatively tiny testes, suggesting complex allocation decisions. We also find that heritability, evolvability, and additive genetic variation are highest in the high-quality diet for testis and body mass. This result suggests that these traits may have an enhanced ability to respond to selection during a small window of time each year when this diet is available. Taken together, these results illustrate that normal, seasonal fluctuations in the nutritional environment may play a large role in the expression of sexually selected traits and the ability of these traits to respond to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Sasson
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience University of Florida 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd St. Augustine Florida 32080
| | - Patricio R Munoz
- Department of Agronomy University of Florida 2005 SW 23 St. Bldg 350 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Salvador A Gezan
- School of Forest Resources & Conservation University of Florida PO Box 110410 Gainesville Florida 32611
| | - Christine W Miller
- Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida PO Box 110620 Gainesville Florida 32611
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Reinhardt K, Dobler R, Abbott J. An Ecology of Sperm: Sperm Diversification by Natural Selection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using basic ecological concepts, we introduce sperm ecology as a framework to study sperm cells. First, we describe environmental effects on sperm and conclude that evolutionary and ecological research should not neglect the overwhelming evidence presented here (both in external and internal fertilizers and in terrestrial and aquatic habitats) that sperm function is altered by many environments, including the male environment. Second, we determine that the evidence for sperm phenotypic plasticity is overwhelming. Third, we find that genotype-by-environment interaction effects on sperm function exist, but their general adaptive significance (e.g., local adaptation) awaits further research. It remains unresolved whether sperm diversification occurs by natural selection acting on sperm function or by selection on male and female microenvironments that enable optimal plastic performance of sperm (sperm niches). Environmental effects reduce fitness predictability under sperm competition, predict species distributions under global change, explain adaptive behavior, and highlight the role of natural selection in behavioral ecology and reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;,
| | - Ralph Dobler
- Applied Zoology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;,
| | - Jessica Abbott
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Xu J, Anciro AL, Palli SR. Nutrition regulation of male accessory gland growth and maturation in Tribolium castaneum. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10567. [PMID: 26035685 PMCID: PMC4649929 DOI: 10.1038/srep10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway is known to control growth, development and reproduction. Insulin-like peptide mediated body size plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster has been reported. Here, our studies showed that IIS pathway and nutrition regulate growth and maturation of the male accessory gland (MAG) in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. The size of MAG increased from day 1 to day 5 post-adult emergence (PAE). This increase in the size of MAG is contributed by an increase in cell size, but not cell number. The growth of MAG was impaired after double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdown in the expression of genes coding for ILP3, InR, Chico, PI3k, AKT, and GATA1 involved in IIS pathway. Interestingly, starvation showed similar effects on the growth and maturation of MAG. The phenotypes observed in animals where IIS signaling pathway genes were knocked down are similar to the phenotypes observed after starving beetles for 5 days PAE. These data suggest that nutrition signals working through IIS pathway regulate maturation of MAG by promoting the growth of MAG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Entomology, college of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Ashlee L Anciro
- Department of Entomology, college of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, college of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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22
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Differences in Attack Avoidance and Mating Success between Strains Artificially Selected for Dispersal Distance in Tribolium castaneum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127042. [PMID: 25970585 PMCID: PMC4430303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals of both dispersal and non-dispersal types (disperser and non-disperser) are found in a population, suggesting that each type has both costs and benefits for fitness. However, few studies have examined the trade-off between the costs and benefits for the types. Here, we artificially selected for walking distance, i.e., an indicator of dispersal ability, in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum and established strains with longer (L-strains) or shorter (S-strains) walking distances. We then compared the frequency of predation by the assassin bug Amphibolus venator and the mating frequency of the selected strains. L-strain beetles suffered higher predation risk, than did S-strain beetles. L-strain males had significantly increased mating success compared to S-strain males, but females did not show a significant difference between the strains. The current results showed the existence of a trade-off between predation avoidance and mating success associated with dispersal types at a genetic level only in males. This finding can help to explain the maintenance of variation in dispersal ability within a population.
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23
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Evans JP, Rahman MM, Gasparini C. Genotype-by-environment interactions underlie the expression of pre- and post-copulatory sexually selected traits in guppies. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:959-72. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Evans
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); Crawley WA Australia
| | - M. M. Rahman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); Crawley WA Australia
| | - C. Gasparini
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology; School of Animal Biology (M092); Crawley WA Australia
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24
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Sbilordo SH, Martin OY. Pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection act in concert to determine male reproductive success inTribolium castaneum. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja H. Sbilordo
- ETH Zürich; Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ); D-USYS; Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Oliver Y. Martin
- ETH Zürich; Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ); D-USYS; Universitätsstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
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25
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Goos JM, Cothran RD, Jeyasingh PD. Subtle variation in phosphorus availability influences mating biology inHyalella(Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) amphipods. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Goos
- Department of Zoology; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater OK 74078 USA
| | - Rickey D. Cothran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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26
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Stojkovi B, Savkovi U, or evi M, Tuci N. Host-shift effects on mating behavior and incipient pre-mating isolation in seed beetle. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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27
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Grazer VM, Demont M, Michalczyk Ł, Gage MJG, Martin OY. Environmental quality alters female costs and benefits of evolving under enforced monogamy. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:21. [PMID: 24499414 PMCID: PMC3922901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently many habitats suffer from quality loss due to environmental change. As a consequence, evolutionary trajectories might shift due to environmental effects and potentially increase extinction risk of resident populations. Nevertheless, environmental variation has rarely been incorporated in studies of sexual selection and sexual conflict, although local environments and individuals’ condition undoubtedly influence costs and benefits. Here, we utilise polyandrous and monogamous selection lines of flour beetles, which evolved in presence or absence of sexual selection for 39 generations. We specifically investigated effects of low vs. standard food quality (i.e. stressful vs. benign environments) on reproductive success of cross pairs between beetles from the contrasting female and male selection histories to assess gender effects driving fitness. Results We found a clear interaction of food quality, male selection history and female selection history. Monogamous females generally performed more poorly than polyandrous counterparts, but reproductive success was shaped by selection history of their mates and environmental quality. When monogamous females were paired with polyandrous males in the standard benign environment, females seemed to incur costs, possibly due to sexual conflict. In contrast, in the novel stressful environment, monogamous females profited from mating with polyandrous males, indicating benefits of sexual selection outweigh costs. Conclusions Our findings suggest that costs and benefits of sexually selected adaptations in both sexes can be profoundly altered by environmental quality. With regard to understanding possible impacts of environmental change, our results further show that the ecology of mating systems and associated selection pressures should be considered in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Y Martin
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Abstract
Sexual selection has resulted in some of the most captivating features of insects, including flashy colors, bizarre structures, and complex pheromones. These features evolve in dynamic environments, where conditions can change rapidly over space and time. However, only recently has ecological complexity been embraced by theory and practice in sexual selection. We review replicated selection studies as well as studies on variation in the agents of selection to delineate gaps in current knowledge and clarify exciting new directions for research. Existing work suggests that fluctuations in sexual selection may be extremely common, though work on the ecological factors influencing these fluctuations is scarce. We suggest that deeper ecological perspectives on sexual selection may alter some of the fundamental assumptions of sexual selection theory and rapidly lead to new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Miller
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;
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29
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Rahman MM, Kelley JL, Evans JP. Condition-dependent expression of pre- and postcopulatory sexual traits in guppies. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2197-213. [PMID: 23919162 PMCID: PMC3728957 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Female choice can impose persistent directional selection on male sexually selected traits, yet such traits often exhibit high levels of phenotypic variation. One explanation for this paradox is that if sexually selected traits are costly, only the fittest males are able to acquire and allocate the resources required for their expression. Furthermore, because male condition is dependent on resource allocation, condition dependence in sexual traits is expected to underlie trade-offs between reproduction and other life-history functions. In this study we test these ideas by experimentally manipulating diet quality (carotenoid levels) and quantity in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a livebearing freshwater fish that is an important model for understanding relationships between pre- and post-copulatory sexually selected traits. Specifically, we test for condition dependence in the expression of pre- and postcopulatory sexual traits (behavior, ornamentation, sperm traits) and determine whether diet manipulation mediates relationships among these traits. Consistent with prior work we found a significant effect of diet quantity on the expression of both pre- and postcopulatory male traits; diet-restricted males performed fewer sexual behaviors and exhibited significant reductions in color ornamentation, sperm quality, sperm number, and sperm length than those fed ad libitum. However, contrary to our expectations, we found no significant effect of carotenoid manipulation on the expression of any of these traits, and no evidence for a trade-off in resource allocation between pre- and postcopulatory episodes of sexual selection. Our results further underscore the sensitivity of behavioral, ornamental, and ejaculate traits to dietary stress, and highlight the important role of condition dependence in maintaining the high variability in male sexual traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moshiur Rahman
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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30
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Grünwald S, Stellzig J, Adam IV, Weber K, Binger S, Boll M, Knorr E, Twyman RM, Vilcinskas A, Wenzel U. Longevity in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is enhanced by broccoli and depends on nrf-2, jnk-1 and foxo-1 homologous genes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 8:439-48. [PMID: 23321956 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diet is generally believed to affect the aging process. The effects of complex foods on life span can be investigated using simple models that produce rapid results and allow the identification of food-gene interactions. Here, we show that 1 % lyophilized broccoli, added to flour as a dietary source, significantly increases the life span of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) under physiological conditions (32 °C) and under heat stress (42 °C). The beneficial effects of broccoli could also be reproduced by supplementing flour with the isothiocyanate sulforaphane at concentrations found in the broccoli-supplemented diet. We identified stress-resistant genes responsible for these effects on longevity by microinjecting pupae with double-stranded RNA to induce RNA interference (RNAi). The knockdown of transcripts encoding homologs of Nrf-2, Jnk-1 and Foxo-1 reduced the life span of beetles and abrogated the beneficial effects of broccoli, whereas the knockdown of Sirt-1 and Sirt-3 had no impact in either scenario. In conclusion, T. castaneum is a suitable model organism to investigate food-gene interactions that affect stress resistance and longevity, and RNAi can be used to identify functionally relevant genes. As a proof of principle, we have shown here that broccoli increases the longevity of beetles and mediates its effect through signaling pathways that include key stress-resistant factors such as Nrf-2, Jnk-1 and Foxo-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grünwald
- Molecular Nutrition Research, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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31
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Fedina TY, Kuo TH, Dreisewerd K, Dierick HA, Yew JY, Pletcher SD. Dietary effects on cuticular hydrocarbons and sexual attractiveness in Drosophila. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49799. [PMID: 23227150 PMCID: PMC3515564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary composition is known to have profound effects on many aspects of animal physiology, including lifespan, general health, and reproductive potential. We have previously shown that aging and insulin signaling significantly influence the composition and sexual attractiveness of Drosophila melanogaster female cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), some of which are known to be sex pheromones. Because diet is intimately linked to aging and to the activity of nutrient-sensing pathways, we asked how diet affects female CHCs and attractiveness. Here we report consistent and significant effects of diet composition on female CHC profiles across ages, with dietary yeast and sugar driving CHC changes in opposite directions. Surprisingly, however, we found no evidence that these changes affect female attractiveness. Multivariate comparisons among responses of CHC profiles to diet, aging, and insulin signaling suggest that diet may alter the levels of some CHCs in a way that results in profiles that are more attractive while simultaneously altering other CHCs in a way that makes them less attractive. For example, changes in short-chain CHCs induced by a high-yeast diet phenocopy changes caused by aging and by decreased insulin signaling, both of which result in less attractive females. On the other hand, changes in long-chain CHCs in response to the same diet result in levels that are comparable to those observed in attractive young females and females with increased insulin signaling. The effects of a high-sugar diet tend in the opposite direction, as levels of short-chain CHCs resemble those in attractive females with increased insulin signaling and changes in long-chain CHCs are similar to those caused by decreased insulin signaling. Together, these data suggest that diet-dependent changes in female CHCs may be sending conflicting messages to males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Y. Fedina
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tsung-Han Kuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Klaus Dreisewerd
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Herman A. Dierick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joanne Y. Yew
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Scott D. Pletcher
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Ingleby FC, Hunt J, Hosken DJ. Heritability of male attractiveness persists despite evidence for unreliable sexual signals in Drosophila simulans. J Evol Biol 2012. [PMID: 23206188 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual signals can be used to attract mates, but to be honest indicators of signaller quality they need to convey information reliably. However, environmental variation and genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions have the potential to compromise the reliability of sexual signals. Here, we test the reliability of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) as signals of heritable aspects of male attractiveness in Drosophila simulans. We examined the heritability of male attractiveness and a measure of the difference between fathers' and sons' CHC profiles across dietary and temperature environments. Our results show that environmental heterogeneity disrupts the similarity of some components of father and son CHC profile. However, overall male attractiveness is heritable within and across environments, so that sire attractiveness is a good predictor of son attractiveness even with environmental heterogeneity. This suggests that although some male CHC signals are unreliable, attractive genotypes retain their attractiveness across environments on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Ingleby
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, Tremough, Penryn, UK
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33
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Tigreros N. Linking nutrition and sexual selection across life stages in a model butterfly system. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tigreros
- Department of Biology; Tufts University; Medford; Massachusetts; USA
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