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Matzhold EM, Bemelmans M, Polin H, Körmöczi GF, Schönbacher M, Wagner T. Characterization of Novel RHD Allele Variants and Their Implications for Routine Blood Group Diagnostics. Biomedicines 2024; 12:456. [PMID: 38398058 PMCID: PMC10886452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Rh system, including the highly immunogenic D antigen, is one of the clinically most important blood group systems in transfusion medicine. Numerous alleles of the RHD gene are associated with variant RhD phenotypes. In case of Rh incompatibility, some of them can induce hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Thus, accurate blood group diagnostics are critical for safe transfusion therapy. We characterized phenotypes of four individuals revealing weakened D expression during routine pre-transfusion testing. Standard gel card matrix techniques with monoclonal and polyclonal anti-D antibodies were used for serological typing, complemented using D epitope and antigen density analysis. Genotyping employing PCR with sequence-specific primers, genomic and allele-specific Sanger sequencing and in silico protein analysis were performed. Four novel RHD alleles associated with weak D or partial D phenotypes were identified. One of the mutations is predicted to disrupt the terminal stop codon and result in an elongated translation of the mutant D protein that phenotypically exhibits a loss of D epitopes. Furthermore, a hybrid gene formed with the homologue RHCE gene is described. The presented data enhances the understanding of the Rh system and may contribute to continued advances in blood group diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Matzhold
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maria Bemelmans
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Helene Polin
- Austrian Red Cross, Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Günther F. Körmöczi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marlies Schönbacher
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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Kim TY, Yu H, Seo JY, Cho D. Molecular basis of weak A subgroups in the Korean population: Identification of three novel subgroup-causing variants in the ABO regulatory regions. Transfusion 2021; 62:286-291. [PMID: 34786713 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies on Chinese and Japanese populations have shown that weak ABO subgroups could be caused by variants in the major regulatory regions of ABO, the proximal promoter, +5.8-kb site, and CCAAT-binding factor/NF-Y binding site. We investigated the molecular basis of weak A subgroups in the Korean population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 11 samples suspected to have a weak A subgroup. These samples were subjected to sequencing analysis of ABO exons 6 and 7. If no subgroup-causing variants were detected in this region, exons 1-5 and three major regulatory regions were sequenced. RESULTS Sequencing analysis of exons 6 and 7 detected two known subgroup alleles (ABO*AW.10, n = 5; ABO*AEL.02, n = 2). The remaining four samples contained a sequence variant in the proximal promoter (g.4944C>T, n = 1; g.4954G>T, n = 1) or +5.8-kb site (g.10843T>C, n = 1; g.10935C>T, n = 1). Notably, three of the four variants (g.4944C>T, g.4954G>T, and g.10843T>C) have not been reported previously in weak ABO subgroups. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that alterations in the proximal promoter and + 5.8-kb site could account for a substantial proportion of weak A subgroups in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HongBi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Yu H, Kim TY, Moon SJ, Chung YN, Yoo HJ, Kim JH, Cho D. Sequence variants in the proximal promoter and +5.8-kb site of ABO in Koreans with weak B phenotypes. Vox Sang 2021; 117:442-446. [PMID: 34651317 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Several studies on Chinese and Japanese populations have revealed that a substantial proportion of weak B subgroups are caused by variants in the major regulatory regions of ABO, the proximal promoter, CCAAT-binding factor/NF-Y binding site and +5.8-kb site. We performed molecular analyses of these regions in Koreans with weak B phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 16 samples with weak B phenotypes (4 B3 , 1 Bw , 5 A1 B3 and 6 A1 Bw ) harbouring no subgroup-causing variants in ABO exons 6 and 7. These samples were subjected to sequencing analysis of exons 1-5 and the major regulatory regions of ABO. RESULTS Of the 16 samples, 14 were found to carry a sequence variant either in the proximal promoter (g.4991_5008del [n = 3]) or the +5.8-kb site (g.10893G>A [n = 4] and g.10925C>T [n = 7]). The remaining two samples were found to contain no subgroup-causing variants. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that sequence variants in the proximal promoter and +5.8-kb site account for a substantial proportion of weak B subgroups in Koreans, suggesting that molecular analysis of these regions is essential for the accurate determination of ABO genotypes in Koreans with weak B phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongBi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue Jin Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Na Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jong Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Application of chain transfer agents in the two-part dispersion polymerization of cross-linked polymer microspheres. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Polin H, Danzer M, Reiter A, Brisner M, Gaszner W, Weinberger J, Gabriel C. MN typing discrepancies based onGYPA-B-Ahybrid. Vox Sang 2014; 107:393-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Polin
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
| | - M. Danzer
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
| | - A. Reiter
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
| | - M. Brisner
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
| | - W. Gaszner
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
| | - J. Weinberger
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
| | - C. Gabriel
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria; Linz Austria
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Polin H, Gaszner W, Suessner S, Danzer M, Gabriel C. Identification of a novel Kmod -1 allele encoded by 977C>T (Pro326Leu). Transfusion 2014; 54:2130-1. [PMID: 24588083 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Polin
- Red Cross Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
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Ouchari M, Polin H, Romdhane H, Abdelkefi S, Houissa B, Chakroun T, Gabriel C, Hmida S, Jemni Yacoub S. RHD*weak partial 4.0 is associated with an altered RHCE*ce(48C, 105T, 733G, 744C, 1025T) allele in the Tunisian population. Transfus Med 2013; 23:245-9. [PMID: 23742316 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES D is the most immunogenic blood group antigen. About 1% of whites carry an altered RHD allele leading to quantitative or qualitative changes in the antigen D expression. T201R and F223V encoded by 602C>G and 667T>G are specific amino acid substitutions of the weak D type 4 cluster of African origin, comprising the alleles RHD*09.01, RHD*09.02, RHD*09.03, RHD*09.04 and RHD*09.05. The purpose of this study was to estimate the presence of these RHD genotypes in the Tunisian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethylenediaminetetraacetate blood samples from 907 D+ and 93 D- blood donors were tested for markers 602G and 667G by allele-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-ASP). Samples with positive reactions were re-evaluated by DNA sequencing for RHD and RHCE exons 1-10 and adjacent intronic sequences. RESULTS Among 907 D+ samples, 19 individuals were identified to harbour the RHD*weak partial 4.0 allele. RHCE sequencing post-haplotype-specific extraction (HSE) revealed an altered RHCE*ce(48C, 105T, 733G, 744C, 1025T) in those samples. The linkage of the RHCE polymorphisms to one haplotype was proven by DNA sequencing post-HSE. CONCLUSION The RHD*weak partial 4.0 allele syn. RHD*09.03 was estimated to occur 1 in 47 among D+ Tunisians. There was no evidence for other RHD alleles included in the weak D type 4 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ouchari
- Unité de recherche "UR06SP05" Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine, Sousse, Tunisia
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Polin H, Gaszner W, Hackl C, Danzer M, Niklas N, Gabriel C. On the trail of anti-CDE to unexpected highlights of the RHD*weak 4.3 allele in the Upper Austrian population. Vox Sang 2012; 103:130-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2012.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stabentheiner S, Danzer M, Niklas N, Atzmüller S, Pröll J, Hackl C, Polin H, Hofer K, Gabriel C. Overcoming methodical limits of standard RHD genotyping by next-generation sequencing. Vox Sang 2010; 100:381-8. [PMID: 21133932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Molecular variations of the RHD gene may result in the reduced expression of the D antigen and altered Rh phenotypes. In many occasions, they cannot be typed reliably by standard serological methods. Sequence-based typing is the gold standard to determine rare and unknown RHD genotypes. For this pilot study, sequence-based typing by standard Sanger sequencing was compared to a newly established next-generation sequencing approach based on pyrosequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six DNA samples were selected after primary serological testing exhibiting a weak reaction in Rh phenotype. Parallel sequence analysis of the complete coding sequence including adjacent intronic sequences allowed a comparison of the methodical potency in mutation detection of Sanger with next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Sanger sequencing revealed 39 RHD polymorphisms in 21 of 26 samples in the RHD coding region, while pyrosequencing detected all but two alterations resulting in a concordance rate of 94·9% and clearly revealed a heterozygous compound mutation in one sample with RHDψ and Weak D type 4 alleles. The resolution of cis/trans linkage of polymorphisms and exact characterization of a 37 bp duplication was achieved by next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that next-generation sequencing offers a new development for high-throughput and clonal sequencing for molecular RHD genotyping. However, further attempts in the methodical set-up have to be undertaken prior to validation and introduction as a routine service.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stabentheiner
- Red Cross Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, Krankenhausstrasse 7, Linz, Austria.
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