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Hsu K, Lee TY, Lin JY, Chen PL. A Balance between Transmembrane-Mediated ER/Golgi Retention and Forward Trafficking Signals in Glycophorin-Anion Exchanger-1 Interaction. Cells 2022; 11:3512. [PMID: 36359907 PMCID: PMC9653601 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion exchanger-1 (AE1) is the main erythroid Cl-/HCO3- transporter that supports CO2 transport. Glycophorin A (GPA), a component of the AE1 complexes, facilitates AE1 expression and anion transport, but Glycophorin B (GPB) does not. Here, we dissected the structural components of GPA/GPB involved in glycophorin-AE1 trafficking by comparing them with three GPB variants-GPBhead (lacking the transmembrane domain [TMD]), GPBtail (mainly the TMD), and GP.Mur (glycophorin B-A-B hybrid). GPB-derived GP.Mur bears an O-glycopeptide that encompasses the R18 epitope, which is present in GPA but not GPB. By flow cytometry, AE1 expression in the control erythrocytes increased with the GPA-R18 expression; GYP.Mur+/+ erythrocytes bearing both GP.Mur and GPA expressed more R18 epitopes and more AE1 proteins. In contrast, heterologously expressed GPBtail and GPB were predominantly localized in the Golgi apparatus of HEK-293 cells, whereas GBhead was diffuse throughout the cytosol, suggesting that glycophorin transmembrane encoded an ER/Golgi retention signal. AE1 coexpression could reduce the ER/Golgi retention of GPB, but not of GPBtail or GPBhead. Thus, there are forward-trafficking and transmembrane-driven ER/Golgi retention signals encoded in the glycophorin sequences. How the balance between these opposite trafficking signals could affect glycophorin sorting into AE1 complexes and influence erythroid anion transport remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251020, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise & Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 100234, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Lee
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251020, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Yi Lin
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251020, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Lung Chen
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City 251020, Taiwan
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Chen YC, Hsu KN, Lai JCY, Chen LY, Kuo MS, Liao CC, Hsu K. Influence of hemoglobin on blood pressure among people with GP.Mur blood type ☆. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1721-1727. [PMID: 35000824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE GP.Mur is a clinically important red blood cell (RBC) type. GP.Mur and band 3 interact on the RBCs. We previously observed that healthy adults with GP.Mur type present slightly higher blood pressure (BP). Because band 3 and Hb comodulate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation and hemoglobin (Hb) is positively associated with BP, we aimed to test whether these could contribute to higher BP in GP.Mur+ people. METHODS We recruited 989 non-elderly adults (21% GP.Mur) free of catastrophic illness and not on cardiovascular or anti-hypertensive medication. Their body indices, blood lab data and lifestyle data were collected for analyses of potential BP-related factors (BMI, age, smoking, Hb, and GP.Mur). RESULTS BMI and age remained the most significant contributors to BP. GP.Mur slightly increased systolic BP (SBP). The direct correlation between Hb and BP was only found in Taiwanese non-anemic men, not women. After age and BMI adjusted, we estimated an increase of 1.8 mmHg and 2.6 mmHg of SBP by 1 g/dL Hb among men without and with GP.Mur type, respectively. Hb was generally lower among people expressing GP.Mur, which likely limited their larger impact on BP. CONCLUSION GP.Mur contributed to BP in both Hb-dependent and Hb-independent fashion. A pronounced impact of hemoglobin on BP likely requires sufficient Hb, as GP.Mur increased the sensitivity of SBP to Hb only in non-anemic Taiwanese men, and not in Taiwanese women or anemic men. The mechanism through which GP.Mur affected BP independent of Hb is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Nan Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Jerry Cheng-Yen Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shin Kuo
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- The Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taitung MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hsu
- The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Hsu K, Liu YY, Tseng WC, Huang KT, Liu CY, Chen LY, Lee HL, Lin HJ, Tseng KW, Yeh HI. Comodulation of NO-Dependent Vasodilation by Erythroid Band 3 and Hemoglobin: A GP.Mur Athlete Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:740100. [PMID: 34912857 PMCID: PMC8666951 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.740100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GP.Mur, a red blood cell (RBC) hybrid protein encoded by glycophorin B-A-B, increases expression of erythroid band 3 (Anion Exchanger-1, SLC4A1). GP.Mur is extremely rare but has a prevalence of 1–10% in regions of Southeast Asia. We unexpectedly found slightly higher blood pressure (BP) among healthy Taiwanese adults with GP.Mur. Since band 3 has been suggested to interact with hemoglobin (Hb) to modulate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hypoxic vasodilation during the respiratory cycle, we hypothesized that GP.Mur red cells could exert differentiable effects on vascular tone. Here we recruited GP.Mur-positive and GP.Mur-negative elite male college athletes, as well as age-matched, GP.Mur-negative non-athletes, for NO-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and NO-independent dilation (NID). The subjects were also tested for plasma nitrite and nitrate before and after arterial occlusion in FMD. GP.Mur+ and non-GP.Mur athletes exhibited similar heart rates and blood pressure, but GP.Mur+ athletes showed significantly lower FMD (4.8 ± 2.4%) than non-GP.Mur athletes (6.5 ± 2.1%). NO-independent vasodilation was not affected by GP.Mur. As Hb controls intravascular NO bioavailability, we examined the effect of Hb on limiting FMD and found it to be significantly stronger in GP.Mur+ subjects. Biochemically, plasma nitrite levels were directly proportional to individual band 3 expression on the red cell membrane. The increase of plasma nitrite triggered by arterial occlusion also showed small dependency on band 3 levels in non-GP.Mur subjects. By the GP.Mur comparative study, we unveiled comodulation of NO-dependent vasodilation by band 3 and Hb, and verified the long-pending role of erythroid band 3 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tse Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Lin Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Departments of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Different Involvement of Band 3 in Red Cell Deformability and Osmotic Fragility-A Comparative GP.Mur Erythrocyte Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123369. [PMID: 34943876 PMCID: PMC8699424 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
GP.Mur is a clinically important red blood cell (RBC) phenotype in Southeast Asia. The molecular entity of GP.Mur is glycophorin B-A-B hybrid protein that promotes band 3 expression and band 3–AQP1 interaction, and alters the organization of band 3 complexes with Rh/RhAG complexes. GP.Mur+ RBCs are more resistant to osmotic stress. To explore whether GP.Mur+ RBCs could be structurally more resilient, we compared deformability and osmotic fragility of fresh RBCs from 145 adults without major illness (47% GP.Mur). We also evaluated potential impacts of cellular and lipid factors on RBC deformability and osmotic resistivity. Contrary to our anticipation, these two physical properties were independent from each other based on multivariate regression analyses. GP.Mur+ RBCs were less deformable than non-GP.Mur RBCs. We also unexpectedly found 25% microcytosis in GP.Mur+ female subjects (10/40). Both microcytosis and membrane cholesterol reduced deformability, but the latter was only observed in non-GP.Mur and not GP.Mur+ normocytes. The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was not affected by microcytosis; instead, larger mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased the chances of hypotonic burst. From comparison with GP.Mur+ RBCs, higher band 3 expression strengthened the structure of RBC membrane and submembranous cytoskeletal networks and thereby reduced cell deformability; stronger band 3–AQP1 interaction additionally supported osmotic resistance. Thus, red cell deformability and osmotic resistivity involve distinct structural–functional roles of band 3.
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Hsu K, Kuo MS, Yao CC, Cheng HC, Lin HJ, Chan YS, Lin M. The MNS glycophorin variant GP.Mur affects differential erythroid expression of Rh/RhAG transcripts. Vox Sang 2017; 112:671-677. [PMID: 28836328 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The band 3 macrocomplex (also known as the ankyrin-associated complex) on the red cell membrane comprises two interacting subcomplexes: a band 3/glycophorin A subcomplex, and a Rh/RhAG subcomplex. Glycophorin B (GPB) is a component of the Rh/RhAG subcomplex that is also structurally associated with glycophorin A (GPA). Expression of glycophorin B-A-B hybrid GP.Mur enhances band 3 expression and is associated with lower levels of Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) and Rh polypeptides. The goal of this study was to determine whether GP.Mur influenced erythroid Rh/RhAG expression at the transcript level. MATERIALS AND METHODS GP.Mur was serologically determined in healthy participants from Taitung County, Taiwan. RNA was extracted from the reticulocyte-enriched fraction of peripheral blood, followed by reverse transcription and quantitative PCR for RhAG, RhD and RhCcEe. RESULTS Quantification by real-time PCR revealed significantly fewer RhAG and RhCcEe transcripts in the reticulocytes from subjects with homozygous GYP*Mur. Independent from GYP.Mur, both RhAG and RhD transcript levels were threefold or higher than that of RhCcEe. Also, in GYP.Mur and the control samples alike, direct quantitative associations were observed between the transcript levels of RhAG and RhD, but not between that of RhAG and RhCcEe. CONCLUSION Erythroid RhD and RhCcEe were differentially expressed at the transcript levels, which could be related to their different degrees of interaction or sensitivity to RhAG. Further, the reduction or absence of glycophorin B in GYP.Mur erythroid cells affected transcript expressions of RhAG and RhCcEe. Thus, GPB and GP.Mur differentially influenced Rh/RhAG expressions prior to protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - M-S Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Yao
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - H-C Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - H-J Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chan
- Mackay Memorial Hospital Blood Bank, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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Hsu K, Lee TY, Periasamy A, Kao FJ, Li LT, Lin CY, Lin HJ, Lin M. Adaptable interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 reveals a potential role of water channel in blood CO 2 transport. FASEB J 2017; 31:4256-4264. [PMID: 28596233 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601282r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human CO2 respiration requires rapid conversion between CO2 and HCO3- Carbonic anhydrase II facilitates this reversible reaction inside red blood cells, and band 3 [anion exchanger 1 (AE1)] provides a passage for HCO3- flux across the cell membrane. These 2 proteins are core components of the CO2 transport metabolon. Intracellular H2O is necessary for CO2/HCO3- conversion. However, abundantly expressed aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in erythrocytes is thought not to be part of band 3 complexes or the CO2 transport metabolon. To solve this conundrum, we used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM-FRET) and identified interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 at a distance of 8 nm, within the range of dipole-dipole interaction. Notably, their interaction was adaptable to membrane tonicity changes. This suggests that the function of AQP1 in tonicity response could be coupled or correlated to its function in band 3-mediated CO2/HCO3- exchange. By demonstrating AQP1 as a mobile component of the CO2 transport metabolon, our results uncover a potential role of water channel in blood CO2 transport and respiration.-Hsu, K., Lee, T.-Y., Periasamy, A., Kao, F.-J., Li, L.-T., Lin, C.-Y., Lin, H.-J., Lin, M. Adaptable interaction between aquaporin-1 and band 3 reveals a potential role of water channel in blood CO2 transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hsu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Ying Lee
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Ammasi Periasamy
- W. M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fu-Jen Kao
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Li
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
| | - Marie Lin
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui, Taiwan
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