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LEVY BRIGITTE, CHAUVET MARIETHÉERÈESE, CHAUVET JACQUELINE, ACHER ROGER. Ontogeny of bovine neurohypophysial hormone precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1986.tb01827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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LEVY B, ROUILLE Y, CHAUVTE M, CHAUVET J, ACHER R. Ontogeny of the bovine neurohypophysial hormone precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1987.tb02290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Breslow E, Burman S. Molecular, thermodynamic, and biological aspects of recognition and function in neurophysin-hormone systems: a model system for the analysis of protein-peptide interactions. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 63:1-67. [PMID: 2407063 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123096.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Breslow
- Department of Biochemistry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York
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Michel G, Rouille Y, Chauvet J, Acher R. Action of neurohypophysial granule Lys-Arg endopeptidase on synthetic polypeptides comprising the processing sequence of provasopressin-neurophysin. Biosci Rep 1994; 14:171-8. [PMID: 7849239 DOI: 10.1007/bf01200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurohypophysial granule Ca(2+)-dependent endopeptidases have been allowed to act on synthetic polypeptides derived from the N-terminal sequence of bovine provasopressin-neurophysin, namely vasopressinyl-glycyl-lysyl-arginyl-alanylamide and vasopressinyl-glycyl-lysyl-arginyl-alanyl-methionyl-serinamide+ ++. Membrane-bound enzymes have been used at pH 5.5 for 16 hr at 37 degrees C. Products have been identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by mass spectrometry performed on substances isolated by HPLC. With both substrates, vasopressinyl-Gly-Lys-Arg(OH) has been identified as a product confirming the Lys-Arg specificity previously observed on small peptide fluorogenic substrates. Cleavage yields, however, appear low suggesting that some factors are missing, for example a targeting action of the precursor neurophysin domain to the granule membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michel
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI
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Rouille Y, Spang A, Chauvet J, Acher R. Evidence for distinct dibasic processing endopeptidases with Lys-Arg and Arg-Arg specificities in neurohypophysial secretory granules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 183:128-37. [PMID: 1543484 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two Ca(2+)-dependent endopeptidases endowed with specificities for paired basic residues have been disclosed in rat and ox neurohypophysial secretory granules. Specificities investigated by using synthetic fluorogenic substrates showed the presence of a Lys-Arg endopeptidase with optimum pH close to the granule pH (5.5) and of an Arg-Arg endopeptidase more active at pH 7.0. Granule extracts have virtually no activity towards Lys-Lys-containing substrate or monobasic substrates. Pro-Gly-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone appears a very efficient inhibitor for the Lys-Arg enzyme. Soluble and membrane-bound forms of both endopeptidases have been detected. pH-dependence of membrane binding and partitioning into Triton X-114 suggest that the membrane-bound form of Lys-Arg endopeptidase is associated through an amphiphilic alpha-helix. It is proposed that the enzyme Lys-Arg cleaves prooxytocin and provasopressin at their signal sequence Gly-Lys-Arg when these precursors arrive in the neurosecretory granules. The processing proceeds in the granules through carboxypeptidase E and alpha-amidating enzyme complex for giving mature pharmacologically active nonapeptide hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rouille
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI, France
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Michel G, Lévy B, Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Complete amino acid sequence of goose VLDV-neurophysin. Traces of a putative gene conversion between promesotocin and provasotocin genes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 36:457-64. [PMID: 2276874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb01306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Goose VLDV-neurophysin (mesotocin-associated neurophysin) has been purified from posterior pituitary glands through molecular sieving on Sephadex G-75 and high-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography on Nucleosil C-18 columns. Despite apparent molecular mass of unreduced VLDV-neurophysin measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecylsulfate appeared near 17 kDa, this value fell to 11 kDa after reduction with mercaptoethanol, suggesting the existence of a homodimer. Complete amino acid sequence (93 residues) of goose VLDV-neurophysin has been determined. N- and C-terminal sequences of the protein have been established by Edman degradation (microsequencing) and use of carboxypeptidase Y, respectively. Peptides derived from oxidized or carboxamidomethylated neurophysin by trypsin or staphylococcal proteinase hydrolyses have been isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and microsequenced, allowing determination of the complete sequence. Comparison within the vertebrate VLDV-neurophysin lineage, namely goose VLDV-neurophysin to mammalian VLDV-neurophysins and to deduced toad VLDV-neurophysin, reveals a residue insertion between positions 66 and 67 in the nonmammalian VLDV-neurophysins. When goose MSEL-neurophysin (vasotocin-associated neurophysin) and goose VLDV-neurophysin are compared to their bovine counterparts, identical substitutions are found in positions 17 (Asn in both goose neurophysins instead of Gly in both ox neurophysins), 18 (Arg instead of Lys), 35 (Tyr instead of Phe), and 41 (Thr instead of Ala). Identity of the sequences 10-74 in both ox neurophysins has been explained by partial gene conversion between oxytocin and vasopressin genes, and identical substitutions in both goose neurophysins might reveal a similar gene conversion between mesotocin and vasopressin genes in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michel
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI, France
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Michel G, Lévy B, Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Non-mammalian "big" neurophysins--complete amino acid sequence of a two-domain MSEL-neurophysin from goose. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1990; 36:302-7. [PMID: 2279853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vasotocin-associated neurophysin (MSEL-neurophysin) has been purified from goose neurohypophysis through molecular sieving and high-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein has a molecular mass (measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of 17 kDa in contrast to 10 kDa found for the mammalian MSEL-neurophysins. Complete amino acid sequence (131 residues) has been determined mainly through tryptic or staphylococcal proteinase peptides derived from carboxyamidomethylated neurophysin, isolated by HPLC and microsequenced. N- and C-terminal sequences have been established by Edman degradation or action of carboxypeptidase Y, respectively, applied on the native protein. Goose MSEL-neurophysin is homologous to the two-domain "big" MSEL-neurophysin previously identified in the frog. It appears that in non-mammalian tetrapods, namely birds and amphibians, the proteolytic processing of the pro-vasotocin involves only one cleavage, releasing the hormone moiety and a "big" neurophysin with two domains homologous to mammalian MSEL-neurophysin and copeptin, respectively. Comparison of the avian protein with its mammalian and amphibian counterparts reveals that the first half of the polypeptide chain is evolutionarily much less variable than the second and that the goose protein resembles the frog protein much more than the mammalian one.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michel
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI, France
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Michel G, Chauvet J, Chauvet MT, Acher R. One-step processing of the amphibian vasotocin precursor: structure of a frog (Rana esculenta) "big" neurophysin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 149:538-44. [PMID: 3501288 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vasotocin-associated neurophysin (MSEL-neurophysin) from the frog Rana esculenta has been isolated and sequenced through tryptic and staphylococcal proteinase peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments. This protein appears homologous to the mammalian vasopressin-associated neurophysin with a C-terminal glycopeptide extension homologous to the mammalian copeptin. In contrast to the two-step processing of mammalian vasopressin/MSEL-neurophysin/copeptin precursor, a single cleavage is therefore involved in the processing of the amphibian vasotocin/neurophysin precursor. It appears that the physiological release of the vasopressin-like hormone from the N-terminal end of the protein precursor is not dependent upon a previous trimming of the C-terminal copeptin-like moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michel
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI, France
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Guinea pig MSEL-neurophysin. Sequence comparison of eight mammalian MSEL-neurophysins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1987; 30:676-82. [PMID: 3436704 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1987.tb03379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of guinea pig MSEL-neurophysin has been determined using tryptic peptides derived from the performic acid-oxidized protein and staphylococcal proteinase peptides obtained from the reduced-carboxamidomethylated neurophysin. Guinea pig MSEL-neurophysin consists of a 93-residue polypeptide chain that shows 12 substitutions and 2 deletions when compared to bovine MSEL-neurophysin. It displays the highest number of variations among known mammalian MSEL-neurophysins. These variations are mainly found in the C-terminal region (residues 88-93). Moreover guinea pig MSEL-neurophysin, like rat homologous protein, exhibits substitutions in positions 2, 5, 29 and 81 and lacks an arginine in the penultimate position. Comparison between eight mammalian MSEL-neurophysins reveals a highly conserved region (residues 1 to 88) and a hypervariable region (residues 89 to 93/95). On the other hand the eight species examined are endowed with arginine vasopressin except pig, which has a lysine vasopressin. In the vasopressin-MSEL-neurophysin precursor, the hormonal moiety and the MSEL region of neurophysin (residues 1-9) are encoded by a common exon in ox, rat and man; it can be concluded that this exon is evolutionarily conservative in contrast to the one encoding the C-terminal region of MSEL-neurophysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Chauvet
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI, France
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Lévy B, Michel G, Chauvet J, Chauvet MT, Acher R. Gene conversion in avian mesotocin and vasotocin genes: a recurrent mechanism linking two neurohypophysial precursor lineages? Biosci Rep 1987; 7:631-6. [PMID: 3427215 DOI: 10.1007/bf01127675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid sequences of the first half of MSEL- and VLDV-neurophysins from goose and chicken have been determined. Identical substitutions in positions 17, 18, 35, 36 and 41 of both neurophysins of a given species when compared with their mammalian counterparts suggest a gene conversion between vasotocin--MSEL-neurophysin and mesotocin--VLDV-neurophysin genes. This event, which has already been observed for three mammalian species, seems recurrent and would link the evolution of the two neurohypophysial hormone precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lévy
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Paris VI, France
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Chauvet MT, Rouillé Y, Chauvet J, Acher R. Guinea pig neurohypophysial hormones. Peculiar processing of the three-domain vasopressin precursor. FEBS Lett 1987; 210:40-4. [PMID: 3803579 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pig neurohypophysial hormones have been purified by two procedures, one involving molecular sieving and paper chromatoelectrophoresis, the other high-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography. Arginine vasopressin and oxytocin have been identified by their amino acid compositions and their retention times in HPLC determined through their biological properties. No partially processed precursor, including a neurohormone and a neurophysin, has been detected. Because the cleavage of the three-domain vasopressin-neurophysin-copeptin precursor is apparently complete between the first two domains, whereas it is not between the second and the third, it is supposed that two distinct enzymic systems are involved in the processing.
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Chauvet MT, Lévy B, Michel G, Chauvet J, Acher R. Precursors of mesotocin and vasotocin in birds: identification of VLDV- and MSEL- neurophysins in chicken, goose, and ostrich. Biosci Rep 1986; 6:381-5. [PMID: 3742012 DOI: 10.1007/bf01116425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Precursors of neurohypophysial hormones are small proteins processed into nonapeptide hormones and neurophysins during axonal transport to the neurohypophysis. In mammals, oxytocin is associated with VLDV-neurophysin and vasopressin with MSEL-neurophysin. In birds, mesotocin and vasotocin are found instead of mammalian oxytocin and vasopressin. From goose, chicken and ostrich posterior pituitary glands, two types of neurophysins related to mammalian VLDV- and MSEL-neurophysins, respectively, have been identified by their N-terminal sequences. It is assumed that, as in mammals, hormonal peptide and the first 9 residues of the corresponding neurophysin are encoded by a common exon and that mesotocin and vasotocin, evolutionary predecessors of oxytocin and vasopressin, are associated in the precursors with VLDV-neurophysin and MSEL-neurophysin, respectively.
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Guinea pig copeptin. The glycopeptide domain of the vasopressin precursor. FEBS Lett 1986; 197:169-72. [PMID: 3081370 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The vasopressin precursor is composed of 3 domains in line, namely vasopressin, MSEL-neurophysin and a glycopeptide referred to as copeptin, which are separated during the processing. In guinea pig neurohypophysis, the precursor is partially processed so that a two-domain fragment, MSEL-neurophysin--copeptin, can be found along with free MSEL-neurophysin adn copeptin. Guinea pig copeptin has been sequenced. It is a glycopeptide composed of 38 amino acid residues rather than the 39 found in other mammalian copeptins. Compared with other copeptins, that from guinea pig shows a few substitutions and the deletion of one acidic residue, probably in position 32. This deletion might be responsible for incomplete cleavage by the trypsin-like processing enzyme.
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R, Sunde D, Thorn AN. Structure of a guinea pig common precursor to a MSEL-type neurophysin and copeptin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1986; 44:243-9. [PMID: 3956854 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(86)90130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From guinea pig posterior pituitaries, a MSEL-type neurophysin (neurophysin containing methionine-2, serine-3, glutamic acid-6 and leucine-7), a glycopeptide referred to as copeptin and their common precursor have been purified to homogeneity and sequenced. The performed acid-oxidized precursor, subjected to trypsin hydrolysis, has given 9 peptides, 6 of which (T1-T6) identical to those given by oxidized MSEL-neurophysin except that T6 has an additional C-terminal arginine residue when compared to its homologue. The other 3 tryptic peptides (T7-T9) are identical to those given by copeptin. The 132-residue precursor therefore comprises a MSEL-type neurophysin (93 residues) and copeptin (38 residues) linked by an arginine residue. The molar proportion of this bound form compared with the free polypeptides is approximately 20%. It is believed that this precursor is a part of the vasopressin-MSEL-neurophysin-copeptin precursor incompletely processed during the transport from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis.
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Valiquette G, Zimmerman EA, Roberts JL. mRNA sequence predictions from homologous protein sequences. J Theor Biol 1985; 112:445-58. [PMID: 3982048 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5193(85)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A model has been developed that permits the prediction of mRNA nucleic acid sequence from the sequences of the translated proteins. The model relies on the information obtained from the comparison of protein sequences in related species to reduce the number of possible codons for those amino acids where mutations are observed. The predictions so obtained have been tested by applying the model to proteins whose mRNA sequences are known. The model's predictions have been found to be 100% accurate if three or more different amino acids are known at a given position and if the protein sequences are restricted to relatively closely related species (within the same class). The use of this model may permit a reduction of the mRNA sequence degeneracy and therefore be helpful in the synthesis of cDNA probes or for the prediction of restriction endonuclease sites. Computer programs have been developed to ease the use of the model.
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Whittaker BA, Allewell NM. Analysis of self-association of bovine neurophysins by gel chromatography. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 234:585-90. [PMID: 6093702 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Analytical gel chromatography has been used to examine self-association of bovine neurophysins I and II under several sets of conditions. The data provide no evidence for associated species larger than the dimer. Association constants and Stokes radii of both monomer and dimer are very similar for both proteins in both 0.1 M KOAc, 0.16 M KCl and 0.1 M KPO4, 0.16 M KCl at pH 5.6 and 25 degrees C. The average values derived for the Stokes radii of the monomer and dimer under these conditions are 14.5 +/- 0.7 and 23.0 +/- 0.4 A, respectively. These results confirm the conclusion of Rholam and Nicolas [(1981) Biochemistry 20, 5837-5843] that the monomer and, to a lesser extent, the dimer are highly assymmetric. The Stokes radius of the monomer calculated by Rholam and Nicolas (op cit.) is approximately 30% larger than the value derived here. This discrepancy is probably the result of end-on penetration of the gel by elongated molecules [Y. Nozaki, N. M. Schechter, J. A. Reynolds, and C. Tanford (1976) Biochemistry 15, 3884-3890]. In contrast to Tellam and Winzor [(1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 201, 20-24], it was found that neurophysin II does not exist solely as the dimer in 0.1 M KPO4, pH 5.6, although substitution of 0.1 M KPO4 for 0.1 M KOAc does increase the association constant by a factor of seven. Addition of 1.4 M LiCl at pH 8.1 also increases the association constant sevenfold, as well as increasing the Stokes radius of the monomer approximately 20%. The effects of ionic strength are consistent with the conclusion of Nicolas et al. [(1978) J. Biol. Chem 253, 2633-2639] that formation of the dimer depends upon hydrophobic bonding.
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Seeburg PH, Adelman JP. Characterization of cDNA for precursor of human luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. Nature 1984; 311:666-8. [PMID: 6090951 DOI: 10.1038/311666a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human reproduction is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis laid down early in fetal development. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), also termed gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), is a decapeptide and is a key molecule in this control circuit. It is produced by hypothalamic neurones, secreted in a pulsatile manner into the capillary plexus of the median eminence and effects the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone from gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary. The peptide may have further functions, including behavioural ones, as LHRH or LHRH-like immunoreactivity has been found in gonadal tissue, placenta and the central nervous system, and exogenously administered LHRH is shown to affect behaviour. To investigate the biosynthesis of LHRH, we have now isolated cloned genomic and cDNA sequences encoding the precursor form of LHRH, the existence of which had been suggested from chromatographic studies of hypothalamic and placental extracts. These DNA sequences code for a protein of 92 amino acids in which the LHRH decapeptide is preceded by a signal peptide of 23 amino acids and followed by a Gly-Lys-Arg sequence, as expected for enzymatic cleavage of the decapeptide from its precursor and amidation of the carboxy-terminal of LHRH.
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Ontogeny of the bovine neurohypophyseal hormone precursors. Foetal neurohormones and neurophysins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1984; 24:66-73. [PMID: 6480215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1984.tb00929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurohypophyseal hormones are fragments of precursor proteins that include specific neurophysins and are processed during axonal transport. Neurohormones and neurophysins purified from 7-9 month old bovine foetuses have been characterized by amino acid analysis and partial amino acid sequences. Oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, on one hand, and VLDV-neurophysin and MSEL-neurophysin, on the other, are identical to products previously characterized in the adult. Whereas oxytocin and vasopressin genes seem to be expressed at the same rates in the adult, as judged by the amounts of their peptide products in neurohypophysis, in the late foetus the vasopressin gene appears to be roughly three times more active than the oxytocin gene.
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Abstract
The vasopressin precursor is composed of 3 domains, namely vasopressin, MSEL-neurophysin and a glycopeptide. Processing occurs during axonal transport from hypothalamus to neurohypophysis from which the 3 fragments can be isolated. The glycopeptide fragment of the rat vasopressin precursor has been purified and sequenced. Despite the fact that rat MSEL-neurophysin is shortened (93 residues instead of 95 for other mammals), rat glycopeptide has 39 residues, as do the other mammalian glycopeptides, suggesting a similar processing. Fifteen substitutions are however observed when compared to ox glycopeptide. The C-terminal part of MSEL-neurophysin (residues 77-93) and the glycopeptide are encoded by the same exon and the homologies when compared with their bovine counterparts are 58% and 62% respectively. In contrast, the central part of rat MSEL-neurophysin (residues 10-76), which is encoded by a separate exon, displays 96% of homology; vasopressin and the N-terminal part of MSEL-neurophysin (residues 1-9), encoded by a third exon, are nearly invariant.
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North WG, Mitchell TI, North GM. Characteristics of a precursor to vasopressin-associated bovine neurophysin. FEBS Lett 1983; 152:29-34. [PMID: 6840275 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sherman TG, McKelvy JF. Multiple forms of neurophysin precursor synthesized from Brattleboro rat hypothalamic RNA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982; 394:82-95. [PMID: 6185030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb37414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Land H, Schütz G, Schmale H, Richter D. Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA encoding bovine arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II precursor. Nature 1982; 295:299-303. [PMID: 6276766 DOI: 10.1038/295299a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of a cDNA encoding the nonapeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its carrier protein, neurophysin II (NpII) from bovine hypothalamus, proves that the 166-amino acid precursor molecule contains a signal peptide of 19 amino acids followed directly by AVP connected to NpII by a Gly-Lys-Arg sequence. The carboxy-terminal region of the precursor contains a naturally occurring glycopolypeptide of 39 amino acids which is separated from NpII by a single arginine residue.
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Identification of rat neurophysins: complete amino acid sequences of MSEL- and VLDV-neurophysins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 103:595-603. [PMID: 7036996 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)90493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R. Identification of neurophysins : complete aminoacid sequence of horse VLDV-neurophysin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 100:600-5. [PMID: 7271775 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(81)80218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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North WG, Mitchell TI. Evolution of neurophysin proteins: partial amino acid sequences of rat neurophysins. FEBS Lett 1981; 126:41-4. [PMID: 7238864 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)81028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Chaiken IM, Hough CJ. Mapping and isolation of large peptide fragments from bovine neurophysins and biosynthetic neurophysin-containing species by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1980; 107:11-6. [PMID: 7435946 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Cell-free biosynthesis of different high molecular weight forms of bovine neurophysins I and II coded by hypothalamic mRNA. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Acher R. Neurophysins: molecular and cellular aspects. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (INTERNATIONAL ED. IN ENGLISH) 1979; 18:846-60. [PMID: 118684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.197908461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chauvet MT, Chauvet J, Acher R, Robinson AG. Identification of MSEL and VLDV neurophysins in human pituitary gland. FEBS Lett 1979; 101:391-4. [PMID: 446761 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)81051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chauvet MT, Codogno P, Chauvet J, Acher R. Comparison between MSEL- and VLDV-neurophysins. Complete amino acid sequences of porcine and bovine VLDV-neurophysins. FEBS Lett 1979; 98:37-40. [PMID: 428540 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lord ST, Breslow E. Identification and observation of alkyl proton resonances of the amino-terminal residues of bovine neurophysins. Evidence for conformational differences between neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1979; 13:71-7. [PMID: 33930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1979.tb01851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra of bovine neurophysins-I and -II and of the effects of pH and succinylation of these spectra has allowed identification of the -CH3 proton resonances of the amino-terminal alanine of both proteins and of the -CH3 resonances of methionine-2 of neurophysin-II. The alanine -CH3 resonance of neurophysin-I is a sharp doublet at all pH values between 1 and 10.5 indicating relatively few restrictions on its mobility. By contrast, the -CH3 resonances of the amino-terminal alanine and methionine-2 of neurophysin-II undergo pH-dependent changes in broadening compatible with the formation of an intramolecular salt-bridge at neutral pH between the protonated alpha-amino and an unprotonated side chain carboxyl. The results suggest that differeces in the properties of the two proteins are partially mediated by conformational differences involving their amino-terminal sequences. The potential usefulness of the amino-terminal resonances as n.m.r. 'reporter' signals is additionally demonstrated by studies of the effects of spin labels on the neurophysin-I amino-terminal alanine resonance; these studies place the amino-terminus of neurophysin-I approximately 14 A from residue 3 of peptides bound to the strong neurophysin hormone-binding site.
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Schlesinger D, Audhya T, Walter R. Complete amino acid sequence of bovine neurophysin-I. A major secretory product of the posterior pituitary. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Katayama S, Betheil JJ, Seifter S. Specific cleavage of reduced and S-carboxamidomethylated neurophysin II by the collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 524:188-97. [PMID: 207339 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purified collagenase of Clostridium histolyticum was shown to cleave reduced and S-carboxamidomethylated bovine neurophysin between Cys-13 and Gly-14. The scission resulted in formation of two separable fragments: a smaller peptide arising from residues 1 through 13, and a larger peptide comprising the remainder of the residues of the protein. By dansylation procedures, the smaller peptide was shown to have amino-terminal alanine as expected from the sequence of neurophysin II, and the larger peptide had amino-terminal glycine as anticipated. These results show that collagenase indeed cleaves bovine neurophysin II in accord with the specificity postulated for that enzyme, i.e., scission between -X-Gly- in a sequence of -Pro-X-Gly-Pro-Y-. This result, obtained with a non-collagenous protein substrate, is further confirmation of the specificity of collagenase as established by its action on collagens and on synthetic oligopeptides.
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Chauvet MT, Codogno P, Chavet J, Acher R. Phylogeny of neurophysins: complete amino acid sequence of whale (Balaenoptera physalus) MSEL-neurophysin. FEBS Lett 1978; 88:91-3. [PMID: 639997 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Schlesinger DH, Pickering BT, Watkins WB, Peek JC, Moore LG, Audhya TK, Walter R. A comparative study of partial neurophysin protein sequences of cod, guinea pig, rat and sheep. FEBS Lett 1977; 80:371-3. [PMID: 891987 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chauvet MT, Codogno P, Chauvet J, Acher R. Phylogeny of the neurophysins: complete amino acid sequence of horse MSEL-neurophysin. FEBS Lett 1977; 80:374-6. [PMID: 891988 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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