1
|
Augenstreich J, Haanappel E, Sayes F, Simeone R, Guillet V, Mazeres S, Chalut C, Mourey L, Brosch R, Guilhot C, Astarie-Dequeker C. Phthiocerol Dimycocerosates From Mycobacterium tuberculosis Increase the Membrane Activity of Bacterial Effectors and Host Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:420. [PMID: 32923411 PMCID: PMC7456886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) synthesizes a variety of atypical lipids that are exposed at the cell surface and help the bacterium infect macrophages and escape elimination by the cell's immune responses. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism of action of one family of hydrophobic lipids, the phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM/PDIM), major lipid virulence factors. DIM are transferred from the envelope of Mtb to host membranes during infection. Using the polarity-sensitive fluorophore C-Laurdan, we visualized that DIM decrease the membrane polarity of a supported lipid bilayer put in contact with mycobacteria, even beyond the site of contact. We observed that DIM activate the complement receptor 3, a predominant receptor for phagocytosis of Mtb by macrophages. DIM also increased the activity of membrane-permeabilizing effectors of Mtb, among which the virulence factor EsxA. This is consistent with previous observations that DIM help Mtb disrupt host cell membranes. Taken together, our data show that transferred DIM spread within the target membrane, modify its physical properties and increase the activity of host cell receptors and bacterial effectors, diverting in a non-specific manner host cell functions. We therefore bring new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which DIM increase Mtb's capability to escape the cell's immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Augenstreich
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Evert Haanappel
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadel Sayes
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Roxane Simeone
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Guillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mazeres
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Chalut
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS-UPS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tăbăran AF, Matea CT, Mocan T, Tăbăran A, Mihaiu M, Iancu C, Mocan L. Silver Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Tuberculosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2231-2258. [PMID: 32280217 PMCID: PMC7127828 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s241183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid emergence of aggressive, multidrug-resistant Mycobacteria strain represents the main cause of the current antimycobacterial-drug crisis and status of tuberculosis (TB) as a major global health problem. The relatively low-output of newly approved antibiotics contributes to the current orientation of research towards alternative antibacterial molecules such as advanced materials. Nanotechnology and nanoparticle research offers several exciting new-concepts and strategies which may prove to be valuable tools in improving the TB therapy. A new paradigm in antituberculous therapy using silver nanoparticles has the potential to overcome the medical limitations imposed in TB treatment by the drug resistance which is commonly reported for most of the current organic antibiotics. There is no doubt that AgNPs are promising future therapeutics for the medication of mycobacterial-induced diseases but the viability of this complementary strategy depends on overcoming several critical therapeutic issues as, poor delivery, variable intramacrophagic antimycobacterial efficiency, and residual toxicity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the pathology of mycobacterial-induced diseases, andhighlight the advantages and limitations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in TB treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Flaviu Tăbăran
- Department of Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Tudor Matea
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Tăbăran
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Mihaiu
- Department of Public Health and Food Hygiene, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornel Iancu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Third Surgery Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Mocan
- Department of Nanomedicine, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dumas F, Haanappel E. Lipids in infectious diseases - The case of AIDS and tuberculosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1636-1647. [PMID: 28535936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a central role in many infectious diseases. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and tuberculosis are two of the deadliest infectious diseases to have struck mankind. The pathogens responsible for these diseases, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rely on lipids and on lipid membrane properties to gain access to their host cells, to persist in them and ultimately to egress from their hosts. In this Review, we discuss the life cycles of these pathogens and the roles played by lipids and membranes. We then give an overview of therapies that target lipid metabolism, modulate host membrane properties or implement lipid-based drug delivery systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Evert Haanappel
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arbues A, Lugo-Villarino G, Neyrolles O, Guilhot C, Astarie-Dequeker C. Playing hide-and-seek with host macrophages through the use of mycobacterial cell envelope phthiocerol dimycocerosates and phenolic glycolipids. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:173. [PMID: 25538905 PMCID: PMC4260522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), have evolved a remarkable ability to evade the immune system in order to survive and to colonize the host. Among the most important evasion strategies is the capacity of these bacilli to parasitize host macrophages, since these are major effector cells against intracellular pathogens that can be used as long-term cellular reservoirs. Mycobacterial pathogens employ an array of virulence factors that manipulate macrophage function to survive and establish infection. Until recently, however, the role of mycobacterial cell envelope lipids as virulence factors in macrophage subversion has remained elusive. Here, we will address exclusively the proposed role for phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM) in the modulation of the resident macrophage response and that of phenolic glycolipids (PGL) in the regulation of the recruitment and phenotype of incoming macrophage precursors to the site of infection. We will provide a unique perspective of potential additional functions for these lipids, and highlight obstacles and opportunities to further understand their role in the pathogenesis of TB and other mycobacterial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arbues
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - GeanCarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stocker BL, Timmer MSM. Chemical Tools for Studying the Biological Function of Glycolipids. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1164-84. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
6
|
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an old enemy of the human race, with evidence of infection observed as early as 5000 years ago. Although more host-restricted than Mycobacterium bovis, which can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, M. tuberculosis can infect, and cause morbidity and mortality in, several veterinary species as well. As M. tuberculosis is one of the earliest described bacterial pathogens, the literature describing this organism is vast and overwhelming. This review strives to distill what is currently known about this bacterium and the disease it causes for the veterinary pathologist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602-7388, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Astarie-Dequeker C, Le Guyader L, Malaga W, Seaphanh FK, Chalut C, Lopez A, Guilhot C. Phthiocerol dimycocerosates of M. tuberculosis participate in macrophage invasion by inducing changes in the organization of plasma membrane lipids. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000289. [PMID: 19197369 PMCID: PMC2632888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM) are major virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in particular during the early step of infection when bacilli encounter their host macrophages. However, their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. Using Mtb mutants deleted for genes involved in DIM biosynthesis, we demonstrated that DIM participate both in the receptor-dependent phagocytosis of Mtb and the prevention of phagosomal acidification. The effects of DIM required a state of the membrane fluidity as demonstrated by experiments conducted with cholesterol-depleting drugs that abolished the differences in phagocytosis efficiency and phagosome acidification observed between wild-type and mutant strains. The insertion of a new cholesterol-pyrene probe in living cells demonstrated that the polarity of the membrane hydrophobic core changed upon contact with Mtb whereas the lateral diffusion of cholesterol was unaffected. This effect was dependent on DIM and was consistent with the effect observed following DIM insertion in model membrane. Therefore, we propose that DIM control the invasion of macrophages by Mtb by targeting lipid organisation in the host membrane, thereby modifying its biophysical properties. The DIM-induced changes in lipid ordering favour the efficiency of receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Mtb and contribute to the control of phagosomal pH driving bacilli in a protective niche. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of human tuberculosis, is an extremely successful human pathogen. The pathogenesis of bacterium is associated with its ability to invade macrophages and to circumvent bactericidal functions of the host cell in order to survive within a protective niche. The cellular mechanisms are largely investigated but the bacterial factors are poorly known. The outermost layer of the mycobacterial cell envelope is particularly of interest because of its localization at the interface with macrophages. An interesting feature of this envelope is its high lipid content. One group of lipids, the phthiocerol dimycocerosates (DIM), has been studied intensively since being shown to promote Mtb virulence. We investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DIM and demonstrated that DIM participate in the receptor-dependent phagocytosis of Mtb in human macrophages through a mechanism involving a reorganization of the plasma membrane following recognition of bacilli. This modification of the plasma membrane biophysical properties might help Mtb to create a protective niche by preventing acidification of its phagosome. Our results provide a first hint on the molecular mechanism of action of DIM, a key Mtb lipidic virulence factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Astarie-Dequeker
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (CAD); (CG)
| | - Laurent Le Guyader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Wladimir Malaga
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fam-Ky Seaphanh
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Chalut
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - André Lopez
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (CAD); (CG)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rhoades ER, Ullrich HJ. How to establish a lasting relationship with your host: lessons learned from Mycobacterium spp. Immunol Cell Biol 2000; 78:301-10. [PMID: 10947853 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2000.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium spp. enjoy an intracellular lifestyle that is fatal to most microorganisms. Bacilli persist and multiply within mononuclear phagocytes in the face of defences ranging from toxic oxygen and nitrogen radicals, acidic proteases and bactericidal peptides. Uptake of Mycobacterium by phagocytes results in the de novo formation of a phagosome, which is manipulated by the pathogen to accommodate its needs for intracellular survival and replication. The present review describes the intracellular compartment occupied by Mycobacterium spp. and presents current ideas on how mycobacteria may establish this niche, placing special emphasis on the involvement of mycobacterial cell wall lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Rhoades
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Horgen L, Barrow EL, Barrow WW, Rastogi N. Exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to total lipids and serovar-specific glycopeptidolipids from Mycobacterium avium serovars 4 and 8 results in inhibition of TH1-type responses. Microb Pathog 2000; 29:9-16. [PMID: 10873486 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.2000.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that large quantities of bacterial lipids may accumulate and persist within host cells during chronic stages of Mycobacterium avium infections. This study intended to assess the ability of purified M. avium lipids to affect TH-1-type responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors. PBMC were exposed to total lipids and serovar-specific glycopeptidolipids (GPL) extracted from M. avium serovars 4 and 8, which have been reported to predominate as opportunistic infection among AIDS patients. After 24 h exposure to lipids followed by PHA/PMA treatment, IL-2 and IFN-gamma were assayed in the supernatants. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for a semiquantitative estimation of mRNA for IL-2 and IFN-gamma in cell pellets at various time points. Exposure of PBMC to M. avium total lipids significantly suppressed PHA/PMA-induced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma as determined by ELISA. The GPL antigens from serovar 4 were more efficient at inhibiting TH-1 responses than GPL from serovar 8. CD4(+)T-lymphocyte enrichment of PBMC demonstrated that suppression by M. avium lipids was intact without the presence of other cell populations such as monocytes and B-cells. Preliminary RT-PCR experiments showed that the secretion of TH-1 cytokines was partially affected at the transcriptional level. The results obtained showed that M. avium lipids are indeed able to modify the induction of TH-1-type cytokines by human PBMC, and suggest that accumulation of M. avium lipids in the chronic stages of infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Horgen
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Morne Jolivière, BP 484, F-97165-Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Lanéelle
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires du CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sut A, Sirugue S, Sixou S, Lakhdar-Ghazal F, Tocanne JF, Lanéelle G. Mycobacteria glycolipids as potential pathogenicity effectors: alteration of model and natural membranes. Biochemistry 1990; 29:8498-502. [PMID: 2123718 DOI: 10.1021/bi00488a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four mycobacterial wall glycolipids were tested for their effects on phospholipidic liposome organization and passive permeability and on oxidative phosphorylation of isolated mitochondria. From fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene performed on liposomes it was concluded that the two trehalose derivatives (dimycoloyltrehalose and polyphthienoyltrehalose) rigidified the fluid state of liposomes, the triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol slightly fluidized the gel state, while the peptidoglycolipid ("apolar" mycoside C) just shifted the phase transition temperature upward. Dimycoloyltrehalose was without effect on liposome passive permeability, as estimated from dicarboxyfluorescein leak rates, and polyphthienoyltrehalose and triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol slightly decreased leaks, while mycoside C dramatically increased leaks. Activity of these lipids on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was examined. The two trehalose derivatives have been tested previously: both had the same type of inhibitory activity, dimycoloyltrehalose being the most active. Triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol was inactive. Mycoside C was very active, with effects resembling those of classical uncouplers: this suggested that its activity on mitochondria was related to its effect on permeability. All these membrane alterations were called nonspecific because it is likely that they result from nonspecific lipid-lipid interactions, and not from recognition between specific molecular structures. Such nonspecific interactions could be at the origin of some of the effects of mycobacteria glycolipids on cells of the immune system observed in the last few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sut
- Centre de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires du CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lemaire G, Tenu JP, Petit JF, Lederer E. Natural and synthetic trehalose diesters as immunomodulators. Med Res Rev 1986; 6:243-74. [PMID: 3526051 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Gillois M, Silve G, Asselineau J, Lanéelle G. Lipid A monosaccharide analogues inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT PASTEUR. MICROBIOLOGIE 1985; 136B:125-34. [PMID: 4083832 DOI: 10.1016/s0769-2609(85)80039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Three acyl-glucosamine analogues of "lipid A" and an acyl-glucose analogue of "cord factor" were synthesized and their activity was tested on isolated rat liver mitochondria. The 4 glycolipids slightly inhibited succinate-supported active respiration and strongly inhibited glutamate-supported active respiration. The most potent inhibitors were the two diacylated compounds which are the most hydrophobic. Phosphorylation was also impaired. Comparison of our results with the few published data about the effects of lipid A on mitochondria indicated that the two diacylated glucosamines were as active as their natural model. The minimal requirements to obtain a glycolipid structure with an activity resembling that of lipid A is discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bergelson LD, Molotkovsky JG, Manevich YM. Lipid-specific fluorescent probes in studies of biological membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 1985; 37:165-95. [PMID: 4017135 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(85)90083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-specific fluorescent probes are natural lipids carrying an apolar fluorophore in one of the hydrocarbon chains. Since such probes retain the head groups and resemble the molecular shape of native membrane lipids, they largely mimic the behaviour of their natural prototypes in biological membranes. Information provided by the lipid-specific probes is more differentiated and easier to interpret than that obtained from non-lipid probes. The principles of design of lipid-specific probes are formulated and the relative advantages and disadvantages of various fluorophores are discussed. In order to reduce ambiguities caused by perturbation of the probe environment, it is proposed to use, in a comparative manner, two or more lipid-specific probes resembling each other in all aspects except the polar head groups (the 'two probes' concept). Two types of fluorophores, the anthrylvinyl group and the perylenoyl group, were found to be well suited for the synthesis of lipid-specific probes. Use of both types of probes 'in tandem' opens new possibilities for studying lipid-protein and lipid-lipid interactions in biological membranes. The anthrylvinyl- and perylenoyl-labeled lipids were applied in studies of serum lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes. A new highly sensitive ligand-receptor binding assay and a new approach to biological signal amplifying based on the use of lipid-specific probes are described.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lemaire G, Tenu JP, Petit JF, Lederer E. Effects of Microbially Derived Products on Mononuclear Phagocytes. Pharmacology 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9406-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Gillois M, Silve G, Asselineau J, Lanéelle G. Dicorynomycoloyl trehalose activity: Comparison of the activity of α,α′- and β,β′-trehalose derivatives on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984; 135B:13-9. [PMID: 6548886 DOI: 10.1016/s0769-2609(84)80038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
6,6'-Dicorynomycoloyl esters of alpha,alpha'- or beta;beta'-trehalose were synthesized and tested on isolated rat liver mitochondria. In contrast to the well known site-II-specific uncoupling effect of the alpha,alpha'-trehalose derivative, the beta,beta'-trehalose derivative exhibited only non-specific inhibition of active respiration in the presence of glutamate. It is proposed that this unexpected difference between the two isomers could arise from conformational differences in the carbohydrate moiety of the glycolipids, which would render the beta,beta' isomer unable to recognize targets specific to the alpha,alpha'-trehalose glycolipid.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rouanet JM, Laneelle G. Mycobacteria arabinolipids as potential endotoxins: their activity on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ANNALES DE MICROBIOLOGIE 1983; 134B:233-9. [PMID: 6418050 DOI: 10.1016/s0769-2609(83)80036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two natural arabinolipids from the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (5-mycoloyl-D-arabinose and 5-mycoloyldiarabinoside) and two synthetic arabinolipids (5-mycoloyl-L-arabinose and 5-mycoloyl(2'-hydroxyethyl)L-arabinoside) were tested on rat liver mitochondria. 5-Mycoloyl D- and L-rabinose had the same low activity, while 5-mycoloyldiarabinoside efficiently lowered the ADP/O ratio, inhibited active respiration and increased controlled respiration. The synthetic 5-mycoloyl(2'-hydroxyethyl)arabinoside had an intermediate efficiency. Due to their activity on mitochondria, the arabinolipids of the mycobacterial cell wall can be considered as potential endotoxins.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lakhdar-Ghazal F, Tocanne JF. Phase behaviour in monolayers and in water dispersions of mixtures of dimannosyl diacylglycerol with phosphatidylglycerol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 644:284-94. [PMID: 7260075 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(81)90386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of dimannosyl diacylglycerol, extracted from the membrane of Micrococcus luteus, with synthetic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol or with samples of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, extracted from the same bacterium, have been studied. Through a monolayer (pi, delta V) study and from fluorescence polarization data relative to diphenylhexatriene embedded in vesicles of the mixed lipids, it is shown that the glycolipid interacts with the phospholipids. These interactions are independent of the structure and physical state of the phospholipid acyl chains, of the lipid molecular packing and of the nature of the cations (monovalent, bivalent) present in the aqueous phase. No phase separation was detected, either in monolayers or in water dispersions. Furthermore, the data presented demonstrated a marked influence of the glycolipid on the phase behaviour of phosphatidylglycerol, both in the presence of monovalent (Na+, K+) and bivalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations. This point is of particular interest with regard to the highly rigid phase this phospholipid is known to assume in the presence of bivalent cations. It is then suggested that the glycolipid could act as a regulator of the membrane fluidity by preventing a too high rigidity of the lipid phase when bivalent cations are present at the membrane surface.
Collapse
|