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Heine HL, Leong HS, Rossi FMV, McManus BM, Podor TJ. Strategies of Conditional Gene Expression in Myocardium. MOLECULAR CARDIOLOGY 2005; 112:109-54. [PMID: 16010014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59259-879-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of specialized reporter genes to monitor real-time, tissue-specific transgene expression in animal models offers an opportunity to circumvent current limitations associated with the establishment of transgenic mouse models. The Cre-loxP and the tetracycline (Tet)-inducible systems are useful methods of conditional gene expression that allow spatial (cell-type-specific) and temporal (inducer-dependent) control. Most often, the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) promoter is used in these inducible systems to restrict expression of reporter genes and transgenes to the myocardium. An overview of each inducible system is described, along with suggested reporter genes for real-time, noninvasive imaging in the myocardium. Effective gene delivery of the inducible gene expression system is carried out by lentiviral vectors, which offer high transduction efficiency, long-term transgene expression, and low immunogenicity. This chapter outlines the packaging of myocardium-specific inducible expression systems into lentiviral vectors, in which a transgene and a reporter gene are transduced into cardiomyocytes. In doing so, transgene and reporter expression can be monitored/tracked with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Heine
- The James Hogg iCAPTURE Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research/MRL, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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Nauck MS, Nissen H, Hoffmann MM, Herwig J, Pullinger CR, Averna M, Geisel J, Wieland H, März W. Detection of mutations in the apolipoprotein CII gene by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Identification of the splice site variant apolipoprotein CII-Hamburg in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/44.7.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFamilial apolipoprotein (apo) CII deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism clinically resembling lipoprotein lipase deficiency. A number of mutations of the apo CII gene are known to date; they are located in the promoter region, the coding exons, or in the splice junctions. We present a simple assay based on PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which allows scanning of the promoter, the entire coding sequence, and the splice junctions of the apo CII gene for sequence variants. All gene fragments are amplified using a common PCR protocol and are examined for mutations on a single gradient gel. Using this method and direct sequencing, we identified homozygosity for a donor splice-site mutation in the second intron, previously designated apo CII-Hamburg, as the genetic cause of apo CII deficiency in a 9-year-old boy presenting with chylomicronemia, eruptive xanthoma, and pancreatitis. In addition, the method allowed us to detect all of six different other known mutations of the apo CII gene. We conclude, therefore, that our assay is highly sensitive; in addition, it is easy to perform and may facilitate the differential diagnosis of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Nauck
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Nissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael M Hoffmann
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Herwig
- Department of Pediatrics, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Clive R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0131
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Lipid Research and Atherosclerosis Center, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Klinisch-Chemisches Zentrallabor der Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Heinrich Wieland
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Galton DJ, Zhang Q, Cavallero E, Cavanna J, Kay A, Charles A, Braschi S, Perlemuter L, Jacotot B. Lipid transport genes and their relation to the syndrome of insulin resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 827:100-9. [PMID: 9329745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Galton
- Department of Human Metabolism and Genetics, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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