1
|
Hirato Y, Goto M, Mizobuchi T, Muramatsu H, Tanigawa M, Nishimura K. Structure of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-bound D-threonine aldolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2023; 79:31-37. [PMID: 36748339 PMCID: PMC9903138 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x23000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
D-Threonine aldolase (DTA) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the reversible aldol reaction of glycine with a corresponding aldehyde to yield the D-form β-hydroxy-α-amino acid. This study produced and investigated the crystal structure of DTA from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrDTA) at 1.85 Å resolution. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the crystal structure of eukaryotic DTA. Compared with the structure of bacterial DTA, CrDTA has a similar arrangement of active-site residues. On the other hand, we speculated that some non-conserved residues alter the affinity for substrates and inhibitors. The structure of CrDTA could provide insights into the structural framework for structure-guided protein engineering studies to modify reaction selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirato
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Goto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Taichi Mizobuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hisashi Muramatsu
- Multidisciplinary Science Cluster, Research and Education Faculty, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanigawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Building No. 2, 1-5-1 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Katsushi Nishimura
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Building No. 2, 1-5-1 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujii H, Hibi M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J. Three enzymes of Rhizobium radiobacter involved in the novel metabolism of two naturally occurring bioactive oxidative derivatives of L-isoleucine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1247-1254. [PMID: 35793557 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium radiobacter C58 was found to convert 4-hydroxyisoleucine (HIL) and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate (AMKP), bioactive oxidative derivatives of L-isoleucine, in both cases producing 2-aminobutyrate. Three native enzymes involved in these metabolisms were purified by column chromatography and successfully identified. In this strain, HIL was converted to acetaldehyde and 2-aminobutyrate by coupling action of the transaminase rrIlvE and the aldolase HkpA. AMKP was also converted to acetate and 2-aminobutyrate by coupling action of rrIlvE and a hydrolase DkhA. In the multi-enzymatic reactions, HkpA catalyzes the retro-aldol reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketopentanoate into acetaldehyde and 2-ketobutyrate, and DkhA catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond of 2,4-diketo-3-methylpentanoate into acetate and 2-ketobutyrate. And rrIlvE catalyzes reversible transamination between HIL and 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketopentanoate, AMKP and 2,4-diketo-3-methylpentanoate, and 2-ketobutyrate and 2-aminobutyrate. The results suggested that the conversion activity of Rhizobium bacteria play an important role in the complex biological metabolic networks associated with HIL and AMKP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Fujii
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Hibi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yokozeki
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park SH, Seo H, Seok J, Kim H, Kwon KK, Yeom SJ, Lee SG, Kim KJ. Cβ-Selective Aldol Addition of d-Threonine Aldolase by Spatial Constraint of Aldehyde Binding. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Park
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Seo
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seok
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Haseong Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Koang Kwon
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen R, Zhang Q, Tan B, Zheng L, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Genome Mining and Activation of a Silent PKS/NRPS Gene Cluster Direct the Production of Totopotensamides. Org Lett 2017; 19:5697-5700. [PMID: 29019409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 92 kb silent hybrid polyketide and nonribosomal peptide gene cluster in marine-derived Streptomyces pactum SCSIO 02999 was activated by genetically manipulating the regulatory genes, including the knockout of two negative regulators (totR5 and totR3) and overexpression of a positive regulator totR1, to direct the production of the known totopotensamides (TPMs) A (1) and B (3) and a novel sulfonate-containing analogue TPM C (2). Inactivation of totG led to accumulation of TPM B (3) lacking the glycosyl moiety, which indicated TotG as a dedicated glycosyltransferase in the biosynthesis of 1 and 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Liujuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Huixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hirato Y, Tokuhisa M, Tanigawa M, Ashida H, Tanaka H, Nishimura K. Cloning and characterization of d-threonine aldolase from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:18-23. [PMID: 28038776 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
d-Threonine aldolase (DTA) catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent interconversion of d-threonine and glycine plus acetaldehyde. The enzyme is a powerful tool for the stereospecific synthesis of various β-hydroxy amino acids in synthetic organic chemistry. In this study, DTA from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was discovered and characterized, representing the first report to describe the existence of eukaryotic DTA. DTA was overexpressed in recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells; the specific activity of the enzyme in the cell-free extract was 0.8 U/mg. The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose, and Mono Q column chromatographies (purified enzyme 7.0 U/mg). For the cleavage reaction, the optimal temperature and pH were 70 °C and pH 8.4, respectively. The enzyme demonstrated 90% of residual activity at 50 °C for 1 h. The enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of d- and d-allo threonine from a mixture of glycine and acetaldehyde (the diastereomer excess of d-threonine was 18%). DTA was activated by several divalent metal ions, including manganese, and was inhibited by PLP enzyme inhibitors and metalloenzyme inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirato
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tokuhisa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanigawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ashida
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu 1060, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Katsushi Nishimura
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Materials Chemistry, Junior College, Nihon University, 7-24-1Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hirato Y, Goto M, Tokuhisa M, Tanigawa M, Nishimura K. Crystallization and X-ray analysis of D-threonine aldolase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:86-89. [PMID: 28177318 PMCID: PMC5297928 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1602063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Threonine aldolase from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrDTA) catalyzes the interconversion of several β-hydroxy-D-amino acids (e.g. D-threonine) and glycine plus the corresponding aldehydes. Recombinant CrDTA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity; it was subsequently crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 295 K. Data were collected and processed at 1.85 Å resolution. Analysis of the diffraction pattern showed that the crystal belonged to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 64.79, b = 74.10, c = 89.94 Å, α = 77.07, β = 69.34, γ = 71.93°. The asymmetric unit contained four molecules of CrDTA. The Matthews coefficient was calculated to be 2.12 Å3 Da-1 and the solvent content was 41.9%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirato
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Masaru Goto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tokuhisa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanigawa
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
| | - Katsushi Nishimura
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Material Chemistry, Junior College, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kataoka M, Miyakawa T, Shimizu S, Tanokura M. Enzymes useful for chiral compound synthesis: structural biology, directed evolution, and protein engineering for industrial use. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5747-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Goldberg SL, Goswami A, Guo Z, Chan Y, Lo ET, Lee A, Truc VC, Natalie KJ, Hang C, Rossano LT, Schmidt MA. Preparation of β-hydroxy-α-amino Acid Using Recombinant d-Threonine Aldolase. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Goldberg
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Animesh Goswami
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Zhiwei Guo
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yeung Chan
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Ehrlic T. Lo
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Vu Chi Truc
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Natalie
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chao Hang
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Lucius T. Rossano
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uhl MK, Oberdorfer G, Steinkellner G, Riegler-Berket L, Mink D, van Assema F, Schürmann M, Gruber K. The crystal structure of D-threonine aldolase from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans provides insight into a metal ion assisted PLP-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124056. [PMID: 25884707 PMCID: PMC4401734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Threonine aldolases catalyze the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent cleavage of threonine into glycine and acetaldehyde and play a major role in the degradation of this amino acid. In nature, L- as well as D-specific enzymes have been identified, but the exact physiological function of D-threonine aldolases (DTAs) is still largely unknown. Both types of enantio-complementary enzymes have a considerable potential in biocatalysis for the stereospecific synthesis of various β-hydroxy amino acids, which are valuable building blocks for the production of pharmaceuticals. While several structures of L-threonine aldolases (LTAs) have already been determined, no structure of a DTA is available to date. Here, we report on the determination of the crystal structure of the DTA from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans (AxDTA) at 1.5 Å resolution. Our results underline the close relationship of DTAs and alanine racemases and allow the identification of a metal binding site close to the PLP-cofactor in the active site of the enzyme which is consistent with the previous observation that divalent cations are essential for DTA activity. Modeling of AxDTA substrate complexes provides a rationale for this metal dependence and indicates that binding of the β-hydroxy group of the substrate to the metal ion very likely activates this group and facilitates its deprotonation by His193. An equivalent involvement of a metal ion has been implicated in the mechanism of a serine dehydratase, which harbors a metal ion binding site in the vicinity of the PLP cofactor at the same position as in DTA. The structure of AxDTA is completely different to available structures of LTAs. The enantio-complementarity of DTAs and LTAs can be explained by an approximate mirror symmetry of crucial active site residues relative to the PLP-cofactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Uhl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gustav Oberdorfer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lina Riegler-Berket
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Mink
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D BV - Innovative Synthesis, 6167, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Friso van Assema
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D BV - Innovative Synthesis, 6167, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Schürmann
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D BV - Innovative Synthesis, 6167, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Gruber
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhang W, Ding W, Zhang Q. Evolution of Threonine Aldolases, a Diverse Family Involved in the Second Pathway of Glycine Biosynthesis. J Mol Evol 2015; 80:102-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-015-9667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Palla KS, Witus LS, Mackenzie KJ, Netirojjanakul C, Francis MB. Optimization and expansion of a site-selective N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde-mediated transamination for bacterially expressed proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1123-9. [PMID: 25486267 DOI: 10.1021/ja509955n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective bioconjugation methods are valuable because of their ability to confer new properties to proteins by the chemical attachment of specific functional groups. Well-defined bioconjugates obtained through these methods have found utility for the study of protein function and the creation of protein-based materials. We have previously reported a protein modification strategy to modify the N-terminus of peptides and proteins using N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde benzenesulfonate (Rapoport's salt, RS) as a transamination reagent, which oxidizes the N-terminal amino group to provide a uniquely reactive aldehyde or ketone. This functional handle can subsequently be modified with an alkoxyamine reagent of choice. Previous work had found glutamate terminal sequences to be highly reactive toward RS-mediated transamination. However, proteins of interest are often recombinantly expressed in E. coli, where the expression of a glutamate-terminal protein is rendered difficult because the N-terminal methionine derived from the start codon is not cleaved when Glu is in the second position. In this work, we describe a way to overcome this difficulty via the insertion of a Factor Xa proteolytic cleavage site to acquire the optimal glutamate residue at the N-terminus. Additionally, we present studies on alternative high-yielding sequences containing N-terminal residues that can be expressed directly. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to validate these findings on a model cellulase enzyme, an endoglucanase from the thermophilic Pyrococcus horikoshii. Activity assays performed with these mutants show that RS transamination and subsequent modification with alkoxyamines have no negative impact on cellulolytic ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal S Palla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogawa J, Yamanaka H, Mano J, Doi Y, Horinouchi N, Kodera T, Nio N, Smirnov SV, Samsonova NN, Kozlov YI, Shimizu S. Synthesis of 4-Hydroxyisoleucine by the Aldolase–Transaminase Coupling Reaction and Basic Characterization of the Aldolase fromArthrobacter simplexAKU 626. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1607-15. [PMID: 17617727 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arthrobacter simplex AKU 626 was found to synthesize 4-hydroxyisoleucine from acetaldehyde, alpha-ketobutyrate, and L-glutamate in the presence of Escherichia coli harboring the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene (ilvE) from E. coli K12 substrain MG1655. By using resting cells of A. simplex AKU 626 and E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-15b-ilvE, 3.2 mM 4-hydroxyisoleucine was produced from 250 mM acetaldehyde, 75 mM alpha-ketobutyrate, and 100 mM L-glutamate with a molar yield to alpha-ketobutyrate of 4.3% in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 2 mM MnCl(2) x 4H(2)O at 28 degrees C for 2 h. An aldolase that catalyzes the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and alpha-ketobutyrate was purified from A. simplex AKU 626. Mn(2+) and pyridoxal 5'-monophosphate were effective in stabilizing the enzyme. The native and subunit molecular masses of the purified aldolase were about 180 and 32 kDa respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme showed no significant homology to known aldolases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase: A model enzyme for mechanistic, structural, and evolutionary studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Friedman M, Levin CE. Nutritional and medicinal aspects of D-amino acids. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1553-82. [PMID: 21519915 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews and interprets a method for determining the nutritional value of D-amino acids, D-peptides, and amino acid derivatives using a growth assay in mice fed a synthetic all-amino acid diet. A large number of experiments were carried out in which a molar equivalent of the test compound replaced a nutritionally essential amino acid such as L-lysine (L-Lys), L-methionine (L-Met), L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), and L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as well as the semi-essential amino acids L-cysteine (L-Cys) and L-tyrosine (L-Tyr). The results show wide-ranging variations in the biological utilization of test substances. The method is generally applicable to the determination of the biological utilization and safety of any amino acid derivative as a potential nutritional source of the corresponding L-amino acid. Because the organism is forced to use the D-amino acid or amino acid derivative as the sole source of the essential or semi-essential amino acid being replaced, and because a free amino acid diet allows better control of composition, the use of all-amino-acid diets for such determinations may be preferable to protein-based diets. Also covered are brief summaries of the widely scattered literature on dietary and pharmacological aspects of 27 individual D-amino acids, D-peptides, and isomeric amino acid derivatives and suggested research needs in each of these areas. The described results provide a valuable record and resource for further progress on the multifaceted aspects of D-amino acids in food and biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Discovery and characterization of d-phenylserine deaminase from Arthrobacter sp. TKS1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 90:159-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Maeda T, Takeda Y, Murakami T, Yokota A, Wada M. Purification, characterization and amino acid sequence of a novel enzyme, D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase, from Delftia sp. HT23. J Biochem 2010; 148:705-12. [PMID: 20843822 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase (D-THA DH) was purified from the cell-free extract of the soil-isolated bacterium Delftia sp. HT23. The enzyme exhibited dehydratase activity towards D-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate, l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate, l-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate and d-serine. Absorption of the purified enzyme at 412 nm suggests that it contains pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. The NH(2)-terminal and internal amino acid sequences showed significant similarity to hypothetical alanine racemase of genome-sequenced Delftia acidovorans SPH-1; however, the purified enzyme showed no alanine racemase activity. Using the sequence information of D. acidovorans SPH-1, the gene encoding d-THA DH was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence, which belongs to the alanine racemase family, shows significant (26-36%) similarity to d-serine dehydratase of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and chicken. In order to obtain purified d-THA DH efficiently, the gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was highly activated by divalent cations, such as Mn(2+), Co(2+) and Ni(2+). Site-directed mutagenesis experiment revealed that lysine 43 is an important residue involved in PLP binding and catalysis. This is the first reported enzyme that acts on d-THA. In addition, this enzyme is the first example of a prokaryotic dehydratase belonging to the fold-type III PLP-dependent enzyme family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Maeda
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Threonine aldolases—screening, properties and applications in the synthesis of non-proteinogenic β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:409-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Systems-level metabolic flux profiling elucidates a complete, bifurcated tricarboxylic acid cycle in Clostridium acetobutylicum. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:4452-61. [PMID: 20622067 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00490-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligatory anaerobic bacteria are major contributors to the overall metabolism of soil and the human gut. The metabolic pathways of these bacteria remain, however, poorly understood. Using isotope tracers, mass spectrometry, and quantitative flux modeling, here we directly map the metabolic pathways of Clostridium acetobutylicum, a soil bacterium whose major fermentation products include the biofuels butanol and hydrogen. While genome annotation suggests the absence of most tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, our results demonstrate that this bacterium has a complete, albeit bifurcated, TCA cycle; oxaloacetate flows to succinate both through citrate/alpha-ketoglutarate and via malate/fumarate. Our investigations also yielded insights into the pathways utilized for glucose catabolism and amino acid biosynthesis and revealed that the organism's one-carbon metabolism is distinct from that of model microbes, involving reversible pyruvate decarboxylation and the use of pyruvate as the one-carbon donor for biosynthetic reactions. This study represents the first in vivo characterization of the TCA cycle and central metabolism of C. acetobutylicum. Our results establish a role for the full TCA cycle in an obligatory anaerobic organism and demonstrate the importance of complementing genome annotation with isotope tracer studies for determining the metabolic pathways of diverse microbes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Baer K, Dückers N, Hummel W, Gröger H. Expanding the Application Range of Aldolases: Novel Asymmetric Syntheses of α-Methylated β-Hydroxy α-Amino Acids and β-Amino Alcohols. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Murakami T, Maeda T, Yokota A, Wada M. Gene cloning and expression of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase from Pseudomonas sp. T62, and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. J Biochem 2009; 145:661-8. [PMID: 19193709 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
L-threo-3-Hydroxyaspartate dehydratase (L-THA DH, EC 4.3.1.16), which catalyses the cleavage of L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate (L-THA) to oxalacetate and ammonia, has been purified from the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. T62. In this report, the gene encoding L-THA DH was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was purified and characterized in detail. A 957-bp nucleotide fragment was confirmed to be the gene encoding L-THA DH, based on the agreement of internal amino acid sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence, which belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family, shows similarity to YKL218c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (64%), serine racemase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (64%) and Mus musculus (36%), and biodegradative threonine dehydratase from E. coli (38%). Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that lysine at position 53 is an important residue for enzymatic activity. This enzyme exhibited dehydratase activity specific only to L-THA [K(m) = 0.54 mM, V(max) = 39.0 micromol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1)], but not to other 3-hydroxyaspartate isomers, and exhibited no detectable serine/aspartate racemase activity. This is the first report of an amino acid sequence of the bacterial enzyme that acts on L-THA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Murakami
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Enhanced synthesis of l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine by high-density whole-cell biocatalyst of recombinant l-threonine aldolase from Streptomyces avelmitilis. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 31:443-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Fesko K, Giger L, Hilvert D. Synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids with a reengineered alanine racemase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5987-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Four types of threonine aldolases: Similarities and differences in kinetics/thermodynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
24
|
Abstract
YGL196W of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a putative protein that is unidentified but is predicted to have a motif similar to that of the N-terminal domain of the bacterial alanine racemase. In the present study we found that YGL196W encodes a novel D-serine dehydratase, which belongs to a different protein family from that of the known bacterial enzyme. The yeast D-serine dehydratase purified from recombinant Escherichia coli cells depends on pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and zinc, and catalyses the conversion of D-serine into pyruvate and ammonia with the Km and kcat values of 0.39 mM and 13.1 s−1 respectively. D-Threonine and β-Cl-D-alanine also serve as substrates with catalytic efficiencies which are approx. 3 and 2% of D-serine respectively. L-Serine, L-threonine and β-Cl-L-alanine are inert as substrates. Atomic absorption analysis revealed that the enzyme contains one zinc atom per enzyme monomer. The enzyme activities toward D-serine and D-threonine were decreased by EDTA treatment and recovered by the addition of Zn2+. Little recovery was observed with Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, K+ or Na+. In contrast, the activity towards β-Cl-D-alanine was retained after EDTA treatment. These results suggest that zinc is involved in the elimination of the hydroxy group of D-serine and D-threonine. D-Serine dehydratase of S. cerevisiae is probably the first example of a eukaryotic D-serine dehydratase and that of a specifically zinc-dependent pyridoxal enzyme as well.
Collapse
|
25
|
Stereoselectivity and Expanded Substrate Scope of an Engineered PLP-Dependent Aldolase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Seebeck FP, Guainazzi A, Amoreira C, Baldridge KK, Hilvert D. Stereoselectivity and Expanded Substrate Scope of an Engineered PLP-Dependent Aldolase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:6824-6. [PMID: 17001724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian P Seebeck
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg HCI F339, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vidal L, Calveras J, Clapés P, Ferrer P, Caminal G. Recombinant production of serine hydroxymethyl transferase from Streptococcus thermophilus and its preliminary evaluation as a biocatalyst. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:489-97. [PMID: 15726349 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The glyA gene encoding a serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) with threonine aldolase activity was isolated from Streptococcus thermophilus YKA-184 chromosomal DNA. This aldolase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme that stereospecifically catalyzes the interconversion of L-threonine to glycine and acetaldehyde. The enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli M15 as a recombinant protein of 45 kDa with a His6-tag at its N-terminus. The recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a single chromatographic step using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity, obtaining a high activity-recovery yield (83%). Lyophilized and precipitated enzymes were stable at least for 10 weeks when stored at -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C. It was observed that the Km for L-allo-threonine was 38-fold higher than that for L-threonine, suggesting this enzyme can be classified as a specific L-allo-threonine aldolase. The optimum pH range of threonine aldolase activity for the recombinant SHMT was pH 6-7. When tested for aldol addition reactions with non-natural aldehydes, such as benzyloxyacetaldehyde and (R)-N-Cbz-alaninal, two possible beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acid diastereoisomers were produced, but with moderate stereospecificity. The enzyme showed potential as a biocatalyst for the stereoselective synthesis of beta-hydroxy-alpha-amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vidal
- Unitat de Biocatalisi Aplicada Associada al IIQAB (CSIC-UAB), Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wada M, Nakamori S, Takagi H. Serine racemase homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase activity. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 225:189-93. [PMID: 12951240 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequence of L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase from Pseudomonas sp. T62 showed significant similarity to that of the SRY1 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (serine racemase in yeast). SRY1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was purified and partially characterized. The SRY1 gene product exhibited dehydratase activity specific for L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate (K(m)=3.9 mM, V(max)=110 micromol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1)) but not for D-threo- or DL-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate. The purified enzyme showed no detectable serine racemase activity. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by hydroxylamine and EDTA, and was activated by Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and Mn(2+), suggesting that pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and divalent cations participate in the enzyme reaction. Gene disruption and overexpression indicated that SRY1 is responsible for the 3-hydroxyaspartate resistance of S. cerevisiae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of 3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase activity in eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Wada
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paiardini A, Contestabile R, D'Aguanno S, Pascarella S, Bossa F. Threonine aldolase and alanine racemase: novel examples of convergent evolution in the superfamily of vitamin B6-dependent enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1647:214-9. [PMID: 12686135 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B(6)-dependent enzymes may be grouped into five evolutionarily unrelated families, each having a different fold. Within fold type I enzymes, L-threonine aldolase (L-TA) and fungal alanine racemase (AlaRac) belong to a subgroup of structurally and mechanistically closely related proteins, which specialised during evolution to perform different functions. In a previous study, a comparison of the catalytic properties and active site structures of these enzymes suggested that they have a catalytic apparatus with the same basic features. Recently, recombinant D-threonine aldolases (D-TAs) from two bacterial organisms have been characterised, their predicted amino acid sequences showing no significant similarities to any of the known B(6) enzymes. In the present work, a comparative structural analysis suggests that D-TA has an alpha/beta barrel fold and therefore is a fold type III B(6) enzyme, as eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and bacterial AlaRac. The presence of both TA and AlaRac in two distinct evolutionary unrelated families represents a novel and interesting example of convergent evolution. The independent emergence of the same catalytic properties in families characterised by completely different folds may have not been determined by chance, but by the similar structural features required to catalyse pyridoxal phosphate-dependent aldolase and racemase reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paiardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ogawa J, Ryono A, Xie SX, Vohra RM, Indrati R, Akamatsu M, Miyagawa H, Ueno T, Shimizu S. Separative preparation of the four stereoisomers of β-methylphenylalanine with N-carbamoyl amino acid amidohydrolases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Liu JQ, Dairi T, Itoh N, Kataoka M, Shimizu S, Yamada H. Diversity of microbial threonine aldolases and their application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Wada M, Matsumoto T, Nakamori S, Sakamoto M, Kataoka M, Liu JQ, Itoh N, Yamada H, Shimizu S. Purification and characterization of a novel enzyme, L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase, from Pseudomonas sp. T62. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 179:147-51. [PMID: 10481099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L-threo-3-Hydroxyaspartate dehydratase (L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate hydro-lyase), which exhibited specificity for L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate (K(m)=0.74 mM, V(max)=37.5 micromol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1)) but not for D-threo or D, L-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate, was purified from a cell-free extract of Pseudomonas sp. T62. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by hydroxylamine and EDTA, which suggests that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and divalent cations participate in the enzyme reaction. The NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequence showed significant similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae YKL218c gene product, a hypothetical threonine dehydratase. However, the purified enzyme showed no threonine dehydratase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wada
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjyojima, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
KATAOKA MICHIHIKO, WADA MASARU, IKEMI MASAHISA, MORIKAWA TADASHI, MIYOSHI TERUZO, SHIMIZU SAKAYU. Novel Threonine Aldolases and Their Application to Stereospecific Synthesis of beta-Hydroxy-alpha-amino Acids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Liu JQ, Dairi T, Itoh N, Kataoka M, Shimizu S, Yamada H. A novel metal-activated pyridoxal enzyme with a unique primary structure, low specificity D-threonine aldolase from Arthrobacter sp. Strain DK-38. Molecular cloning and cofactor characterization. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:16678-85. [PMID: 9642221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.27.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding low specificity D-threonine aldolase, catalyzing the interconversion of D-threonine/D-allo-threonine and glycine plus acetaldehyde, was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Arthrobacter sp. strain DK-38. The gene contains an open reading frame consisting of 1,140 nucleotides corresponding to 379 amino acid residues. The enzyme was overproduced in recombinant Escherichia coli cells and purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and three-column chromatography steps. The recombinant aldolase was identified as a pyridoxal enzyme with the capacity of binding 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per mol of subunit, and Lys59 of the enzyme was determined to be the cofactor binding site by chemical modification with NaBH4. In addition, Mn2+ ion was demonstrated to be an activator of the enzyme, although the purified enzyme contained no detectable metal ions. Equilibrium dialysis and atomic absorption studies revealed that the recombinant enzyme could bind 1 mol of Mn2+ ion per mol of subunit. Remarkably, the predicted amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed no significant similarity to those of the currently known pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, indicating that low specificity D-threonine aldolase is a new pyridoxal enzyme with a unique primary structure. Taken together, low specificity D-threonine aldolase from Arthrobacter sp. strain DK-38, with a unique primary structure, is a novel metal-activated pyridoxal enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Q Liu
- Laboratory of Biocatalytic Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kosugi Machi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|