1
|
Gao L, Jiang Y, Hong K, Chen X, Wu X. Glycosylation of cellulase: a novel strategy for improving cellulase. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:191-201. [PMID: 36592990 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2144117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is the most complex posttranslational modification process. Most cellulases from filamentous fungi contain N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation. Here, we discuss the potential roles of glycosylation on the characteristics and function of cellulases. The use of certain cultivation, inducer, and alteration of engineering glycosylation pathway can enable the rational control of cellulase glycosylation. Glycosylation does not occur arbitrarily and may tend to modify the 3D structure of cellulases by using specially distributed glycans. Therefore, glycoengineering should be considered comprehensively along with the spatial structure of cellulases. Cellulase glycosylation may be an evolution phenomenon, which has been considered as an economical way for providing different functions from identical proteins. In addition to gene and transcription regulations, glycosylation may be another regulation on the protein expression level. Enhanced understanding of the potential regulatory role of cellulase glycosylation will enable synthetic biology approaches for the development of commercial cellulase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dotsenko AS, Gusakov AV, Volkov PV, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. N-linked glycosylation of recombinant cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) fromPenicillium verruculosumand its effect on the enzyme activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:283-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Dotsenko
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
| | - Alexander V. Gusakov
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Pavel V. Volkov
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Aleksandra M. Rozhkova
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Arkady P. Sinitsyn
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Vorobyovy Gory 1/11 Moscow 119899 Russia
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Pr. 33 Moscow 119991 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Recombinant Trichoderma harzianum endoglucanase I (Cel7B) is a highly acidic and promiscuous carbohydrate-active enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9591-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
4
|
Zoglowek M, Lübeck PS, Ahring BK, Lübeck M. Heterologous expression of cellobiohydrolases in filamentous fungi – An update on the current challenges, achievements and perspectives. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Greene ER, Himmel ME, Beckham GT, Tan Z. Glycosylation of Cellulases: Engineering Better Enzymes for Biofuels. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:63-112. [PMID: 26613815 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose in plant cell walls is the largest reservoir of renewable carbon on Earth. The saccharification of cellulose from plant biomass into soluble sugars can be achieved using fungal and bacterial cellulolytic enzymes, cellulases, and further converted into fuels and chemicals. Most fungal cellulases are both N- and O-glycosylated in their native form, yet the consequences of glycosylation on activity and structure are not fully understood. Studying protein glycosylation is challenging as glycans are extremely heterogeneous, stereochemically complex, and glycosylation is not under direct genetic control. Despite these limitations, many studies have begun to unveil the role of cellulase glycosylation, especially in the industrially relevant cellobiohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei, Cel7A. Glycosylation confers many beneficial properties to cellulases including enhanced activity, thermal and proteolytic stability, and structural stabilization. However, glycosylation must be controlled carefully as such positive effects can be dampened or reversed. Encouragingly, methods for the manipulation of glycan structures have been recently reported that employ genetic tuning of glycan-active enzymes expressed from homogeneous and heterologous fungal hosts. Taken together, these studies have enabled new strategies for the exploitation of protein glycosylation for the production of enhanced cellulases for biofuel production.
Collapse
|
6
|
Volokitina MV, Bobrov KS, Piens K, Eneyskaya EV, Tennikova TB, Vlakh EG, Kulminskaya AA. Xylan degradation improved by a combination of monolithic columns bearing immobilized recombinant β-xylosidase from Aspergillus awamori X-100 and Grindamyl H121 β-xylanase. Biotechnol J 2014; 10:210-21. [PMID: 25367775 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic action of exo- and endohydrolazes is preferred for effective destruction of biopolymers. The main purpose of the present work was to develop an efficient tool for degradation of xylan. Macroporous lab-made monolithic columns and commercial CIM-Epoxy disk were used to immobilize the recombinant β-xylosidase from Aspergillus awamori and Grindamyl β-xylanase. The efficiency of xylan degradation using the low-loaded β-xylosidase column appeared to be four times higher than for the in-solution process and about six times higher than for the high-loaded bioreactor. Disk bioreactor with the Grindamil β-xylanase operated in a recirculation mode has shown noticeable advantages over the column design. Additionally, a system comprised of two immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) was tested to accelerate the biopolymer hydrolysis, yielding total xylan conversion into xylose within 20 min. Fast online monitoring HPLC procedure was developed where an analytical DEAE CIM disk was added to the two-enzyme system in a conjoint mode. A loss of activity of immobilized enzymes did not exceed 7% after 5 months of the bioreactor usage. We can therefore conclude that the bioreactors developed exhibit high efficiency and remarkable long-term stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Volokitina
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gusakov AV, Sinitsyna OA, Rozhkova AM, Sinitsyn AP. N-Glycosylation patterns in two α-l-arabinofuranosidases from Penicillium canescens belonging to the glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 54. Carbohydr Res 2013; 382:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Inoue H, Fujii T, Yoshimi M, Taylor LE, Decker SR, Kishishita S, Nakabayashi M, Ishikawa K. Construction of a starch-inducible homologous expression system to produce cellulolytic enzymes from Acremonium cellulolyticus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:823-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A starch-inducible homologous expression system in Acremonium cellulolyticus was constructed to successfully produce recombinant cellulolytic enzymes. A. cellulolyticus Y-94 produced amylolytic enzymes and cellulolytic enzymes as major proteins in the culture supernatant when grown with soluble starch (SS) and Solka–Flock cellulose (SF), respectively. To isolate a strong starch-inducible promoter, glucoamylase (GlaA), which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 15, was purified from the SS culture of Y-94, and its gene was identified in the genome sequence. The 1.4-kb promoter and 0.4-kb terminator regions of glaA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and used in the construction of a plasmid that drives the expression of the cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) gene from A. cellulolyticus. The resultant expression plasmid, containing pyrF as a selection marker, was randomly integrated into the genome of the A. cellulolyticus Y-94 uracil auxotroph. The prototrophic transformant, Y203, produced recombinant Cel7A as an extracellular protein under control of the glaA promoter in the SS culture. Recombinant and wild-type Cel7A were purified from the SS culture of Y203 and the SF culture of A. cellulolyticus CF-2612, respectively. Both enzymes were found to have the same apparent molecular weight (60 kDa), thermostability (T m 67.0 °C), and optimum pH (pH 4.5), and showed similar catalytic properties for soluble and insoluble substrates. These results suggest that the A. cellulolyticus starch-inducible expression system will be helpful for characterization and improvement of fungal cellulolytic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Miho Yoshimi
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Larry E Taylor
- grid.419357.d 0000000121993636 Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway 80401 Golden CO USA
| | - Stephen R Decker
- grid.419357.d 0000000121993636 Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway 80401 Golden CO USA
| | - Seiichiro Kishishita
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Makoto Nakabayashi
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- grid.208504.b 0000000122307538 Biomass Refinery Research Center National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 3-11-32 Kagamiyama 739-0046 Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor CB, Payne CM, Himmel ME, Crowley MF, McCabe C, Beckham GT. Binding Site Dynamics and Aromatic–Carbohydrate Interactions in Processive and Non-Processive Family 7 Glycoside Hydrolases. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:4924-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B. Taylor
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Christina M. Payne
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
80401, United States
| | - Michael F. Crowley
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
80401, United States
| | - Clare McCabe
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235,
United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National
Bioenergy Center, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bayram Akcapinar G, Gul O, Sezerman UO. From in silico to in vitro: Modelling and production of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase 1 and its mutant in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2012; 159:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Akcapinar GB, Gul O, Sezerman U. Effect of codon optimization on the expression of Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase 1 in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1257-63. [PMID: 21774095 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei cellulases are important biocatalysts for a wide range of industrial applications that include the paper, feed, and textile industries. T. reesei endoglucanase 1 (egl1) was successfully expressed as an active and stable catalyst in Pichia pastoris for the first time. Codon optimization was applied to egl1 of T. reesei to enhance its expression levels in P. pastoris. When compared with the originally cloned egl1 gene of T. reesei, the synthetic codon optimized egl1 gene (egl1s) was expressed at a higher level in P. pastoris. Batch fermentations of both clones with the same copy number under controlled conditions indicated that codon optimized EGI enzyme activity increased to 1.24 fold after 72 h of methanol induction. Our research indicated that P. pastoris is a suitable host for cellulase production.
Collapse
|
12
|
Aidemark M, Tjellström H, Sandelius AS, Stålbrand H, Andreasson E, Rasmusson AG, Widell S. Trichoderma viride cellulase induces resistance to the antibiotic pore-forming peptide alamethicin associated with changes in the plasma membrane lipid composition of tobacco BY-2 cells. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:274. [PMID: 21156059 PMCID: PMC3017840 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alamethicin is a membrane-active peptide isolated from the beneficial root-colonising fungus Trichoderma viride. This peptide can insert into membranes to form voltage-dependent pores. We have previously shown that alamethicin efficiently permeabilises the plasma membrane, mitochondria and plastids of cultured plant cells. In the present investigation, tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow-2) were pre-treated with elicitors of defence responses to study whether this would affect permeabilisation. RESULTS Oxygen consumption experiments showed that added cellulase, already upon a limited cell wall digestion, induced a cellular resistance to alamethicin permeabilisation. This effect could not be elicited by xylanase or bacterial elicitors such as flg22 or elf18. The induction of alamethicin resistance was independent of novel protein synthesis. Also, the permeabilisation was unaffected by the membrane-depolarising agent FCCP. As judged by lipid analyses, isolated plasma membranes from cellulase-pretreated tobacco cells contained less negatively charged phospholipids (PS and PI), yet higher ratios of membrane lipid fatty acid to sterol and to protein, as compared to control membranes. CONCLUSION We suggest that altered membrane lipid composition as induced by cellulase activity may render the cells resistant to alamethicin. This induced resistance could reflect a natural process where the plant cells alter their sensitivity to membrane pore-forming agents secreted by Trichoderma spp. to attack other microorganisms, and thus adding to the beneficial effect that Trichoderma has for plant root growth. Furthermore, our data extends previous reports on artificial membranes on the importance of lipid packing and charge for alamethicin permeabilisation to in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Aidemark
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 LUND, Sweden
| | - Henrik Tjellström
- Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna Stina Sandelius
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, P.O. Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish Agricultural University, P.O. Box 102, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Allan G Rasmusson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 LUND, Sweden
| | - Susanne Widell
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 LUND, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ogata M, Kameshima Y, Hattori T, Michishita K, Suzuki T, Kawagishi H, Totani K, Hiratake J, Usui T. Lactosylamidine-based affinity purification for cellulolytic enzymes EG I and CBH I from Hypocrea jecorina and their properties. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2623-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Zhou F, Olman V, Xu Y. Large-scale analyses of glycosylation in cellulases. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2010; 7:194-9. [PMID: 20172492 PMCID: PMC5054413 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(08)60049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulases are important glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that hydrolyze cellulose polymers into smaller oligosaccharides by breaking the cellulose beta (1-->4) bonds, and they are widely used to produce cellulosic ethanol from the plant biomass. N-linked and O-linked glycosylations were proposed to impact the catalytic efficiency, cellulose binding affinity and the stability of cellulases based on observations of individual cellulases. As far as we know, there has not been any systematic analysis of the distributions of N-linked and O-linked glycosylated residues in cellulases, mainly due to the limited annotations of the relevant functional domains and the glycosylated residues. We have computationally annotated the functional domains and glycosylated residues in cellulases, and conducted a systematic analysis of the distributions of the N-linked and O-linked glycosylated residues in these enzymes. Many N-linked glycosylated residues were known to be in the GH domains of cellulases, but they are there probably just by chance, since the GH domain usually occupies more than half of the sequence length of a cellulase. Our analysis indicates that the O-linked glycosylated residues are significantly enriched in the linker regions between the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) domains and GH domains of cellulases. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Zhou
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7229, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stals I, Samyn B, Sergeant K, White T, Hoorelbeke K, Coorevits A, Devreese B, Claeyssens M, Piens K. Identification of a gene coding for a deglycosylating enzyme in Hypocrea jecorina. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 303:9-17. [PMID: 20015338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme with mannosyl glycoprotein endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (ENGase)-type activity was partially purified from the extracellular medium of the mould Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei). Internal peptides were generated and used to identify the gene in the T. reesei genome. The active enzyme is processed both at the N- and at the C-terminus. High-mannose-type glycoproteins are good substrates, whereas complex-type glycans are not hydrolysed. The enzyme represents the first fungal member of glycoside hydrolase family 18 with ENGase-type activity. Bacterial ENGases and the fungal chitinases belonging to the same family show very low homology with Endo T. Database searches identify several highly homologous genes in fungi and the activity is also found within other Trichoderma species. This ENGase activity, not coregulated with cellulase production, could be responsible for the extensive N-deglycosylation observed for several T. reesei cellulases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Stals
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Engineering Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cellulase production from spent lignocellulose hydrolysates by recombinant Aspergillus niger. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2366-74. [PMID: 19251882 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02479-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant Aspergillus niger strain expressing the Hypocrea jecorina endoglucanase Cel7B was grown on spent hydrolysates (stillage) from sugarcane bagasse and spruce wood. The spent hydrolysates served as excellent growth media for the Cel7B-producing strain, A. niger D15[egI], which displayed higher endoglucanase activities in the spent hydrolysates than in standard medium with a comparable monosaccharide content (e.g., 2,100 nkat/ml in spent bagasse hydrolysate compared to 480 nkat/ml in standard glucose-based medium). In addition, A. niger D15[egI] was also able to consume or convert other lignocellulose-derived compounds, such as acetic acid, furan aldehydes, and phenolic compounds, which are recognized as inhibitors of yeast during ethanolic fermentation. The results indicate that enzymes can be produced from the stillage stream as a high-value coproduct in second-generation bioethanol plants in a way that also facilitates recirculation of process water.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jeoh T, Michener W, Himmel ME, Decker SR, Adney WS. Implications of cellobiohydrolase glycosylation for use in biomass conversion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2008; 1:10. [PMID: 18471276 PMCID: PMC2427024 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellulase producing ascomycete, Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina), is known to secrete a range of enzymes important for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. It is also widely used for the commercial scale production of industrial enzymes because of its ability to produce high titers of heterologous proteins. During the secretion process, a number of post-translational events can occur, however, that impact protein function and stability. Another ascomycete, Aspergillus niger var. awamori, is also known to produce large quantities of heterologous proteins for industry. In this study, T. reesei Cel7A, a cellobiohydrolase, was expressed in A. niger var. awamori and subjected to detailed biophysical characterization. The purified recombinant enzyme contains six times the amount of N-linked glycan than the enzyme purified from a commercial T. reesei enzyme preparation. The activities of the two enzyme forms were compared using bacterial (microcrystalline) and phosphoric acid swollen (amorphous) cellulose as substrates. This comparison suggested that the increased level of N-glycosylation of the recombinant Cel7A (rCel7A) resulted in reduced activity and increased non-productive binding on cellulose. When treated with the N-glycosidase PNGaseF, the molecular weight of the recombinant enzyme approached that of the commercial enzyme and the activity on cellulose was improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jeoh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - William Michener
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Stephen R Decker
- Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - William S Adney
- Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
N-Glycosylation in Chrysosporium lucknowense enzymes. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Li XL, Spániková S, de Vries RP, Biely P. Identification of genes encoding microbial glucuronoyl esterases. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:4029-35. [PMID: 17678650 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One type of covalent linkages connecting lignin and hemicellulose in plant cell walls is the ester linkage between 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid of glucuronoxylan and lignin alcohols. An enzyme that could hydrolyze such linkages, named glucuronoyl esterase, occurs in the cellulolytic system of the wood-rotting fungus Schizophyllum commune. Here we report partial amino acid sequences of the enzyme and the results of subsequent search for homologous genes in sequenced genomes. The homologous genes of unknown functions were found in genomes of several filamentous fungi and one bacterium. The gene corresponding to the cip2 gene of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei), known to be up-regulated under conditions of induction of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes, was over-expressed in H. jecorina. The product of the cip2 gene was purified to homogeneity and shown to exhibit glucuronoyl esterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Liang Li
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dienes D, Börjesson J, Hägglund P, Tjerneld F, Lidén G, Réczey K, Stålbrand H. Identification of a trypsin-like serine protease from Trichoderma reesei QM9414. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
21
|
Expression of an AT-rich xylanase gene from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 in and secretion of the heterologous enzyme by Hypocrea jecorina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0787-6 72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
|
22
|
Li XL, Skory CD, Ximenes EA, Jordan DB, Dien BS, Hughes SR, Cotta MA. Expression of an AT-rich xylanase gene from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 in and secretion of the heterologous enzyme by Hypocrea jecorina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:1264-75. [PMID: 17225100 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic domain encoded by an adenine-thymine (AT)-rich xylanase gene (xynA) of the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces was expressed in Hypocrea jecorina under the control of the cel7A promoter and terminator. No XynA protein was detected in H. jecorina culture supernatants when the original sequence was fused to the H. jecorina cel5A region coding for its signal peptide, carbohydrate-binding module, and hinge. Replacing the xynA (56% AT content) with a synthetic sequence containing lower AT content (39%) supported the extracellular production (150 mg l(-1)) of the fusion xylanase by H. jecorina. Northern analysis revealed that successful production after the decrease in AT content was related to higher levels of the xylanase-specific mRNA. Another construct with an RDKR-coding sequence inserted between the cel5A linker and the xynA catalytic domain allowed production of the fully processed active xylanase catalytic domain. Both the fusion (40 kDa) and the fully processed (28 kDa) forms displayed enzymatic properties of family 11 xylanases. Both the R and the Kex2-like KR sites were recognized during secretion, resulting in a mixture of two amino termini for the 28-kDa xylanase. The work demonstrated for the first time that glycoside hydrolases derived from anaerobic fungi can be produced by H. jecorina.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AT Rich Sequence/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/genetics
- Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases/metabolism
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Hypocrea/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neocallimastigales/enzymology
- Neocallimastigales/genetics
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Liang Li
- Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dienes D, Börjesson J, Stålbrand H, Réczey K. Production of Trichoderma reesei Cel7B and its catalytic core on glucose medium and its application for the treatment of secondary fibers. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|