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Ješeta M, Pospíšilová A, Mekiňová L, Franzová K, Ventruba P, Lousová E, Kempisty B, Oždian T, Žáková J, Crha I. Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Male Spermatogenesis from Seminal Plasma: Seminal Proteins. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2468. [PMID: 37568830 PMCID: PMC10417070 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The compounds of seminal plasma have great potential as biomarkers of male fertility and can be used as a diagnostic tool for types of azoospermia. Azoospermia occurs in approximately 1% of the male population, and for an effective therapy of this form of male infertility, it is important to distinguish between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Proteins in seminal plasma can serve as biomarkers for diagnosing azoospermia. Considering the various types of obstructions, a combination of multiple proteins is advisable for diagnostic purposes. In this context, testicular and epididymal proteins are particularly significant, as they are specific to these tissues and typically absent in ejaculate during most obstructions. A combination of multiple biomarkers is more effective than the analysis of a single protein. This group of markers contains TEX101 and ECM1 proteins, combined detections of these two bring a diagnostic output with a high sensitivity and specificity. Similar results were observed for combined detection of TEX101 and SPAG1. The effective using of specific biomarkers from seminal plasma can significantly improve the existing approaches to diagnosis of the causes of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ješeta
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pospíšilová
- Department of Animal Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lenka Mekiňová
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
| | - Kateřina Franzová
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
| | - Pavel Ventruba
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
| | - Eva Lousová
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tomáš Oždian
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Žáková
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
| | - Igor Crha
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Masaryk University Brno and University Hospital Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.F.); (P.V.); (E.L.); (J.Ž.); (I.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kareskoski AM, Reilas T, Sankari S, Andersson M, Güvenc K, Katila T. Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase, β-Glucuronidase and Electrolyte Levels in Fractionated Stallion Ejaculates. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:e369-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glander HJ, Schaller J. Localisation of enzymes in live spermatozoa by CellProbe™ reagents (preliminary results). Andrologia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kareskoski M, Katila T. Components of stallion seminal plasma and the effects of seminal plasma on sperm longevity. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 107:249-56. [PMID: 18556156 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions produced in the testes, epididymides and accessory sex glands, and ejaculated as several consecutive fluid fractions. The composition of seminal plasma and the effects on sperm longevity vary between fractions and individual stallions. This review focuses on the sequence of ejaculation, constituents of seminal plasma and their potential use as fertility markers as well as the influence of seminal plasma on spermatozoa during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kareskoski
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Medicine, Saarentaus, Finland.
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Belmonte SA, Romano PS, Sosa MA. Mannose-6-phosphate receptors as a molecular indicator of maturation of epididymal sperm. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 2002; 48:53-63. [PMID: 11789684 DOI: 10.1080/014850102753385215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses some of the changes in sperm during maturation within the context of current concepts of membrane structure and fertilization. Mammalian sperm are surrounded by a limiting plasma membrane that undergoes remodeling during passage through the epididymis. This process confers on the gamete vigorous motility and the ability to fertilize the egg. The repositioning of some surface proteins may follow redistribution of lipids in the plasmalemma, and thus represent a critical step in the maturation of the gametes. Among the various affected proteins of the sperm plasmalemma, mannose-6-phosphate receptors undergo redistribution as the gametes transit through the epididymal duct. The authors summarize their studies of the redistribution of phosphomannosyl receptors during maturation of sperm and discuss possible roles of these glycoproteins in the fertilizing capability of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Belmonte
- Instituto de Histologia y Embriologia, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Schaller J, Glander HJ. Flow cytometric analysis of enzymes in live spermatozoa before and after cryostorage. Andrologia 2000; 32:357-64. [PMID: 11131845 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.2000.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic fluorogenic substrates, like the CellProbe reagents, can determine enzymes in vital human spermatozoa. These substrates will enter the cells without previous cell permeabilization and exhibit fluorescence after cleavage depending on enzyme activity. They consist of different peptide sequences, specific for the enzymes, and a fluorescein- or rhodamine 110-dye moiety. The number of positive cells and the intensity of the fluorescence can be determined by flow cytometric analysis. We investigated several enzymes (peptidases, proteinases, esterases, elastases and collagenases) in intact spermatozoa before and after cryoprotection. Semen samples with normal spermiogram parameters were cryoprotected using the freezing medium TEST yolk buffer (TYB). Fresh spermatozoa showed a marked fluorescence after incubation with the synthetic substrates for the aminopeptidase M, butyryl esterase, fluorescein diacetate (FDA)-and FDA/sodium fluoride (NAF)-esterase, ala-ala-pro-val (AAPV)-elastase, gly pro-leu-gly pro-(GPLGP)-collagenase, gly gly leu-(GGL)-subtilisin as well as lys-ala-(LA)-dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) II. After cryopreservation the spermatozoal fluorescence increased applying substrates for butyryl esterase (P<0.05), prolyl-aminopeptidase (P<0.001) and val-lys-(VK)-cathepsin (P<0.001) most probably due to elevated enzyme activities. The activities of FDA-esterase (P<0.05) and FDA/NAF-esterase (P<0.05), AAPV-elastase (P<0.01), GPLGP-collagenase (P<0.05) and GGL-subtilisin (P<0.001) decreased after cryopreservation. The substrates for arg-gly glut-ser-(RGES)-elastase, gly phenyl-gly ala-(GFGA)-collagenase and threo-pro-(TP)-cathepsin were not cleaved before as well as after cryostorage. The substrates for subtilisin an
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, St. Barbara Hospital, Duisburg, Germany
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Corrales JJ, Burgo RM, Miralles JM, Villar E. Abnormalities in sperm acid glycosidases from infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:470-8. [PMID: 10688998 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze and compare acid beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glycosidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities in fertile and infertile patients. DESIGN An observational, controlled, clinical study. SETTING A university tertiary hospital. PATIENT(S) Thirty-six fertile controls, 24 infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) patients, and 10 azoospermic patients, who served as negative controls. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Analysis of the six glycosidase activities in seminal plasma and in solubilized spermatozoa. RESULT(S) alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase activities in spermatozoa were significantly correlated with the serum levels of gonadotropins both in fertile controls and in OAT patients. The relative contribution of alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase from the soluble fraction of spermatozoa to the total activity measured in the ejaculate of OAT patients was significantly lower than in fertile controls. The activities of beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the soluble fraction of spermatozoa from OAT patients were significantly lower than in fertile controls. In seminal plasma, the activity of alpha-mannosidase from OAT patients was significantly higher than in fertile controls. The activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the nonsoluble fraction of spermatozoa from OAT patients was three times higher than in fertile controls. CONCLUSION(S) The abnormalities in the distributions and contents of alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in sperm suggest possible functional defects in spermatozoa from OAT infertile patients.
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