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Irani D, Tandon D, Bansal V, Patil A, Balasinor N, Singh D. Correlation between sperm DNA fragmentation and methylation in male partners of couples with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2024; 70:164-173. [PMID: 38913941 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2024.2363209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
With ∼50% recurrent pregnancy loss cases being termed idiopathic (iRPL), understanding of contribution of male factors to iRPL is still lacking. Higher prevalence of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and lower sperm 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) levels have been previously reported in male partners of iRPL couples and shed light on importance of the male gamete in maintenance of a successful pregnancy. The present study aimed to determine the serum sex steroid hormone levels, sperm DFI and 5-mC and correlation between them in male partners of fertile and iRPL couples. Further, correlation between sperm DFI and 5-mC with semen parameters and paternal age in both groups were determined. 36 male partners of fertile couples and 45 male partners of women experiencing iRPL were enrolled for this study and semen and blood samples were collected. Serum testosterone and estradiol levels were measured by ELISA; sperm DFI and global 5-mC were determined by TUNEL assay and ELISA respectively. Significantly higher serum testosterone levels were noted in the iRPL group (p = 0.028). Incidence of sperm DNA fragmentation was found to be higher in the iRPL study group but with no significance difference. No significant differences in sperm 5-mC values were noted. Upon correlation analysis within both groups, strong significant negative correlation of sperm DFI % and 5-mC % was observed in the control group (p < 0.001) but not the iRPL group (p = 0.249). Hence, we infer that with lower 5-mC levels in sperm genome, there is a higher incidence of sperm DFI in fertile men. However, this trend is not noted in men of iRPL group which could possibly be due to other underlying epigenetic alterations in genomic regions probably unsusceptible to fragmentation. On the other hand, no significant correlations of semen parameters, testosterone, estradiol and paternal age with sperm DFI and 5-mC were noted in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delna Irani
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepti Tandon
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana Bansal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Nafisa Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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Krog MC, Nielsen JR, Slot A, Hviid KV, Kolte AM, Westergaard D, Bliddal S, Almstrup K, Nielsen HS. Prospective reproductive outcomes according to sperm parameters, including DNA fragmentation, in recurrent pregnancy loss. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 49:103773. [PMID: 38879918 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Are the prospective reproductive outcomes in couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) related to the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), as measured by sperm chromatin structure assay, sperm morphology and sperm concentration at referral? DESIGN This prospective cohort study included 95 couples seen between 1 April 2018 and 1 December 2019 at the tertiary Copenhagen RPL Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark. The couples had experienced three or more unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses or two late pregnancy losses (>12 weeks gestation). Follow-up was 12-31 months. RESULTS Eighty-one of 95 (85.3%) couples achieved pregnancy after referral. In the first pregnancy after referral, 46 (56.8%) couples achieved a live birth, and 35 (43.2%) couples experienced another pregnancy loss. There was no significant difference in baseline DFI between couples that experienced pregnancy loss [median 11.7, interquartile range (IQR) 9.1-17.3] and couples that achieved a live birth (median 12.5, IQR 9.3-16.5; P = 0.971). Improving sperm morphology increased the odds of a live birth after referral (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.52; P = 0.014). DFI and sperm concentration were not associated with the outcome of the first pregnancy after referral. Overall, 35.9% of the men had DFI ≥15 at inclusion. Couples that failed to achieve pregnancy had a higher median DFI of 17.7 (IQR 7.7-27.2) compared with the rest of the cohort (median 12.0, IQR 9.3-16.5; P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS At referral, sperm DFI, morphology and concentration cannot be used to identify RPL couples at risk of another pregnancy loss. Increased baseline DFI was associated with difficulty achieving another pregnancy, and improving sperm morphology was associated with increased odds of a live birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christine Krog
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Josefine Reinhardt Nielsen
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anna Slot
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Vauvert Hviid
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Astrid Marie Kolte
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Sofie Bliddal
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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3
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Nielsen JLM, Majzoub A, Esteves S, Humaidan P. Unraveling the Impact of Sperm DNA Fragmentation on Reproductive Outcomes. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:241-257. [PMID: 38092034 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying subcellular causes of male infertility, and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) research has been at the forefront of this focus. DNA damage can occur during spermatogenesis due to faulty chromatin compaction or excessive abortive apoptosis. It can also happen as sperm transit through the genital tract, often induced by oxidative stress. There are several methods for SDF testing, with the sperm chromatin structure assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d-UTI nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, comet assay, and sperm chromatin dispersion test being the most commonly used. Numerous studies strongly support the negative impact of SDF on male fertility potential. DNA damage has been linked to various morphological and functional sperm abnormalities, ultimately affecting natural conception and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. This evidence-based review aims to explore how SDF influences male reproduction and provide insights into available therapeutic options to minimize its detrimental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett L M Nielsen
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandro Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Humaidan
- The Fertility Clinic, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bollwein H, Malama E. Review: Evaluation of bull fertility. Functional and molecular approaches. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100795. [PMID: 37567681 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
With the term "assisted reproduction technologies" in modern cattle farming, one could imply the collection of techniques that aim at the optimal use of bovine gametes to produce animals of high genetic value in a time- and cost-efficient manner. The accurate characterisation of sperm quality plays a critical role for the efficiency of several assisted reproduction-related procedures, such as sperm processing, in vitro embryo production and artificial insemination. Bull fertility is ultimately a collective projection of the ability of a series of ejaculates to endure sperm processing stress, and achieve fertilisation of the oocyte and production of a viable and well-developing embryo. In this concept, the assessment of sperm functional and molecular characteristics is key to bull fertility diagnostics and prognostics. Among others, functional features linked to sperm plasma membrane, acrosome and DNA integrity are usually assessed as a measure of the ability of sperm to express the phenotypes that will allow them to maintain their homeostasis and orchestrate-in a strict temporal manner-the course of events that will enable the delivery of their genetic content to the oocyte upon fertilisation. Nevertheless, measures of sperm functionality are not always adequate indicators of bull fertility. Nowadays, advancements in the field of molecular biology have facilitated the profiling of several biomolecules in male gametes. The molecular profiling of bovine sperm offers a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying sperm physiology and, thus, can reveal novel candidate markers for bull fertility prognosis. In this review, the importance of three organelles (the nucleus, the plasma membrane and the acrosome) for the characterisation of sperm fertilising capacity and bull fertility is discussed at functional and molecular levels. In particular, information about sperm head morphometry, chromatin structure, viability as well as the ability of sperm to capacitate and undergo the acrosome reaction are presented in relation to the cryotolerance of male gametes and bull fertility. Finally, major spermatozoal coding and non-coding RNAs, and proteins that are involved in the above-mentioned aspects of sperm functionality are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - E Malama
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Nam CS, Mehta A. Advanced sperm tests and impact on clinical male factor management. Curr Opin Urol 2023; 33:24-30. [PMID: 36444649 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although semen analysis remains a cornerstone of male fertility evaluation, conventional semen analysis parameters do not assess for DNA integrity or functional capacity of sperm. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and sperm aneuploidy tests have been utilized as adjunct tools to distinguish fertile and infertile men and predict pregnancy outcomes. This review serves as an update on indications and utility of advanced sperm tests, as well as associated controversies and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS Elevated SDF is associated with prolonged time to pregnancy, lower chance of spontaneous pregnancy, and lower live birth rates. Sperm aneuploidy is more frequent in infertile men, in male partners of couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, and recurrent failure of assisted reproductive technology (ART). These tests can, therefore, provide important information to guide management and counseling of infertile couples to optimize reproductive outcomes. SUMMARY We evaluated data surrounding SDF and sperm aneuploidy tests, which are utilized both within and beyond the scope of AUA/ASRM guidelines. While the tests at hand require further standardization and randomized controlled studies, the current data suggest strong associations with pregnancy outcomes and can be utilized to counsel and manage infertile males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Nam
- Department of Urology, Michigan Medicine University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Akanksha Mehta
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Asgari F, Gavahi A, Karimi M, Vatannejad A, Amjadi F, Aflatoonian R, Zandieh Z. Risk of embryo aneuploidy is affected by the increase in sperm DNA damage in recurrent implantation failure patients under ICSI-CGH array cycles. HUM FERTIL 2022; 25:872-880. [PMID: 33938375 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1920054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between sperm DNA damage in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients treated with comparative genomic hybridisation array-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (CGH array-ICSI) cycles and embryo aneuploidy screening. Forty-two RIF couples were selected. Sperm DFI was measured using TUNEL by flow cytometry. Two groups were defined as follows: (i) sperm with high DFI (> 20%); and (ii) low DFI (< 20%). Semen parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde formation (MDA) were also measured in both groups. Following oocyte retrieval and ICSI procedure, blastomere biopsy was performed at the 4th day of development and evaluated with CGH-array. The high DFI group had a significant (p = 0.04) increase in the number of aneuploid embryos compared to the low one. According to Poisson regression results, the risk of aneuploidy embryos in the high DFI group was 55% higher than the low DFI group (RR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.358-1.772). Moreover, chromosomal analysis showed an elevation of aneuploidy in chromosomes number 16 and 20 in the high DFI group compared to the low DFI group (p < 0.05). The high DFI in RIF patients may significantly affect the risk of aneuploidy embryos. Therefore, embryo selection by CGH-array should be considered for couples with high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asgari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Gavahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Determination of Ram ( Ovis aries) Sperm DNA Damage Due to Oxidative Stress: 8-OHdG Immunodetection Assay vs. SCSA ®. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233286. [PMID: 36496807 PMCID: PMC9737133 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional DNA analysis techniques can hardly detect DNA damage in ruminant spermatozoa due to high DNA compaction in these cells. Furthermore, these techniques cannot discriminate whether the damage is due to oxidative stress. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two techniques for determining DNA damage in ovine sperm when the source of that damage is oxidative stress. Semen samples from twenty Manchega rams (Ovis aries) were collected and cryopreserved. After thawing, the samples were subjected to different levels of oxidative stress, and DNA oxidation was quantified using an 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunodetection assay and Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA®). For this purpose, we evaluated five different concentrations of an oxidation solution (H2O2/FeSO4•7H2O) on ram sperm DNA. Our study with the 8-OHdG immunodetection assay shows that there are higher values for DNA oxidation in samples that were subjected to the highest oxidative stress (8 M H2O2/800 µM FeSO4•7H2O) and those that were not exposed to high oxidative stress, but these differences were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). The two SCSA® parameters considered, DNA fragmentation index (DFI %) and high DNA stainability (HDS %), showed significant differences between samples that were subjected to high concentrations of the oxidation agent and those that were not (p < 0.05). We can conclude that the 8-OHdG immunodetection assay and SCSA® detect DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in ovine sperm under high oxidative conditions; SCSA® is a more straightforward method with more accurate results. For these reasons, an oxidative-stress-specific assay such as 8-OHdG immunodetection is not needed to measure DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in ram sperm samples.
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8
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Ausejo R, Martínez JM, Mendoza N, Bolarin A, Tejedor MT, Falceto MV. Nuclear DNA Fragmentation in Boar Spermatozoa: Measurement Methods and Reproductive Performance Implications. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:929858. [PMID: 35847654 PMCID: PMC9281558 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.929858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare the different techniques to measure sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation (sDF) and to check its relations to boar reproductive value, classical spermiogram parameters, and reproductive results of the doses in sows. Sperm chromatin stability assay (SCSA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD, Halomax®) results were compared, finding a statistically significant correlation only between SCSA and TUNEL results. The fertility direct boar effect (DBE) index, calculated from the whole productive life of the boar, was not correlated (p > 0.05) with sDF (measured by any technique). Total or progressive sperm motility was not correlated with sDF, while it found a positive correlation between TUNEL measure and abnormal acrosomes (%) and between SCD measure and total sperm morphological abnormalities (%). No significant correlations were obtained between fertility or prolificacy results and sDF results with the different techniques. However, in the case of total born and SCSA measure, the correlation was close to significance (r partial = −0.095; p = 0.066), appointing to a tendency; as SCSA increases, the number of total piglets born decreases. In conclusion, although the different techniques for the sDF seem not to target exactly the same DNA events and the relationship between their values and the reproductive results and the classical spermiogram results is still to be elucidated, the studied sDF techniques may offer extra information that could be useful for the management of AI studs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ausejo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology R&D, Magapor S.L., Ejea de los Caballeros, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martínez
- Department of Research and Development, CiencIAnova Magapor, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Manuel Martínez
| | - Noelia Mendoza
- Department of Biotechnology R&D, Magapor S.L., Ejea de los Caballeros, Spain
| | - Alfonso Bolarin
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Tejedor
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, CIBERCV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Falceto
- Department of Animal Pathology, Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Henkel R, Morris A, Vogiatzi P, Saleh R, Sallam H, Boitrelle F, Garrido N, Arafa M, Gül M, Rambhatla A, Rosas IM, Agarwal A, Leisegang K, Siebert TI. Predictive value of seminal oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) analysis for reproductive outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:1007-1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Bucak MN, Keskin N, Bodu M, Bülbül B, Kırbaş M, Öztürk AE, Frootan F, İli P, Özkan H, Başpınar N, Dursun Ş. Combination of trehalose and low boron in presence of decreased glycerol improves post-thawed ram sperm parameters: A model study in boron research. Andrology 2021; 10:585-594. [PMID: 34779585 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm cryopreservation has been widely used in the field of reproductive biotechnology. It applies to certain males of economic and scientific values, including livestock breeds or endangered animal species. The development of a semen extender with a low cryoprotectant concentration and an appropriate amount of trehalose and boron can prevent the deterioration of sperm parameters. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study is to establish a suitable ram extender model, by examining different combinations of high (5%) and low (3%) glycerol concentrations (to reduce its toxic effects on sperm freezing), a fixed amount of trehalose and an increased dose of boron to prevent the deterioration of sperm parameters, and investigate the levels of gene expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Merino ram ejaculates were collected. The collected ejaculates providing the defined criteria were pooled. The pooled ejaculates were divided into eight aliquots and diluted with the Tris extender including different combinations of glycerol (5% and 3%) and boron (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mm) concentrations and a fixed amount of trehalose, then frozen. After freeze-thawing process, sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane activity, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal membrane integrity, DNA damage (single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) and TUNEL assays) as well as NAD(P)H quinone oxyreductase (NQO1), glutamate-cycteine ligase (GCLC), and glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) for molecular mechanisms of sperm cell response to oxidative stress were assessed for different extender groups following freeze-thawing process: 5% glycerol + 0 mm boron (G5B0.00), 5% glycerol + 0.25 mm boron (G5B0.25), 5% glycerol + 0.5 mm boron (G5B0.50), 5% glycerol + 1 mm boron (G5B1.00), 3% glycerol + 0 mm boron (G3B.00), 3% glycerol + 0.25 mm boron (G3B0.25), 3% glycerol + 0.5 mm boron (G3B0.50), and 3% glycerol + 1 mm boron (G3B1.00). RESULTS G3B0.25 presented higher percentages of subjective motility, mitochondrial activity, and viability of spermatozoa comparing with G5B0.00 and groups with boron. Supplementation of 0.25 mm boron with and without trehalose (G3B0.25 and G5B0.25) showed higher acrosome integrity, compared with G5B0.00, G5B1.00, G3B0.50, and G3B1.00. For TUNEL analysis, G3B1.00 showed the highest DNA integrity among the experimental groups which was statistically significant only with G5B0.50 (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of NQO1 were significantly decreased in G5B1.00, G3B0.50, and G3B1.00, when compared to G5B0.00. In comparison with G5B0.00, supplementation of 1 mm boron with and without trehalose had significantly lower expression of GCLC. The level of GSTP1 gene was significantly lower (approximately threefold) in G3B1.00, compared to G5B0.00 (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It can be assumed that the increase of the boron concentration in the extender may have important adverse effects on sperm parameters and antioxidant gene expression after thawing. The results obtained from this study will help to understand the toxicity limits of boron and eliminate the toxicity of glycerol in studies of gametes and tissue freezing. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of sufficient boron can decrease cryodamages of cryopreservation of mammalian spermatozoa as well tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Numan Bucak
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nazan Keskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bodu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Bülbül
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mesut Kırbaş
- Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem Öztürk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fateme Frootan
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pınar İli
- Denizli Vocational School of Health Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nuri Başpınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Dursun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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11
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Adiga PK, Vitthala S, Shivaranjeni. Correlation of sperm DNA damage with blastocyst formation: systematic review and meta-analysis. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-021-00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The routine semen analysis fails to detect sperm DNA damage which contributes to the majority of male factor infertility. Sperm DNA fragmentation test (DFI) measures the sperm DNA damage. Blastocyst formation is an important step in IVF ± ICSI. At present, the literature lacks any data that correlates DFI and blastocyst formation.
Main body of the abstract
We searched MEDLINE and other databases till 2020 for the studies that reported on sperm DNA damage and blastocyst formation in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The outcomes analyzed were (1) a comparison of blastulation rates in high DFI and low DFI groups. (2) Comparison of blastulation rates in high DFI and low DFI groups based on (a) different sperm DNA fragmentation assays (COMET, SCD, SCSA, TUNEL), (b) different types of ART (IVF/IVF + ICSI/ICSI). 10 studies were included in this review. A non-significant increase in the blastocyst formation was observed in high DFI group (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.4 to 1.21; P = 0.20) and with SCD and TUNEL assays.
Short conclusion
Our study emphasizes on sperm DNA fragmentation (sperm DNA damage) as an important marker of blastocyst formation. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the high sperm DNA fragmentation may not adversely affect the blastocyst formation.
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12
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Dai C, Zhang Z, Shan G, Chu LT, Huang Z, Moskovtsev S, Librach C, Jarvi K, Sun Y. Advances in sperm analysis: techniques, discoveries and applications. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:447-467. [PMID: 34075227 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Infertility affects one in six couples worldwide, and fertility continues to deteriorate globally, partly owing to a decline in semen quality. Sperm analysis has a central role in diagnosing and treating male factor infertility. Many emerging techniques, such as digital holography, super-resolution microscopy and next-generation sequencing, have been developed that enable improved analysis of sperm motility, morphology and genetics to help overcome limitations in accuracy and consistency, and improve sperm selection for infertility treatment. These techniques have also improved our understanding of fundamental sperm physiology by enabling discoveries in sperm behaviour and molecular structures. Further progress in sperm analysis and integrating these techniques into laboratories and clinics requires multidisciplinary collaboration, which will increase discovery and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Dai
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guanqiao Shan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lap-Tak Chu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zongjie Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Keith Jarvi
- Division of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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13
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Seasonal Changes of Nuclear DNA Fragmentation in Boar Spermatozoa in Spain. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020465. [PMID: 33572479 PMCID: PMC7916369 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Artificial insemination is widely used in pig production and currently a boar performs several thousand matings per year. Traditionally sperm quality is focused on the number of spermatozoa, their motility and morphology. However, the quality of sperm DNA, which contains genetic information, is also related to fertility problems. The aim of this research was to study the effect of natural light hours and age of the boar on the status of the sperm DNA. After a powerful statistical analysis, it was found that the percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA decreases within the observed age range as the boar gets older. On the other hand, the amount of spermatozoa with fragmented DNA was the lowest in autumn while it was the highest in summer. This study demonstrates the remaining seasonality of boars in Spain and highlights the importance of controlling the environmental conditions in the farms. Sperm DNA testing provides a basis for improving the selection of AI boars by excluding males with higher DNA fragmentation due to their very young reproductive age that may pose a potential subfertility. Abstract There are numerous cases when conventional spermiogram parameters are all within an acceptable range but boar subfertility persists. The total sperm nuclear DNA fragmentation index (tDFI) is a trait related to fertility and prolificacy problems that is not routinely evaluated in commercial AI boars. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the photoperiod, season and reproductive age of the boar on tDFI (measured by SCSA) of 1279 ejaculates from 372 different boars belonging to 6 different breeds located in 6 AI studs in Spain. tDFI data ranged from 0.018% to 20.1%. Although there was a significant single boar effect in the tDFI occurrence, a negative correlation between the tDFI and the age of the boar was found (p < 0.001). tDFI would decrease due to aging of the boar 0.66% each year old within the observed age range. After including age as a covariate in the ANCOVA, no differences were found in tDFI between photoperiods when the sperm collection date was evaluated. However, when the date of the production of semen in the testis was evaluated, the total percentage of spermatozoa with fragmented nuclear DNA was 1.46% higher in the increasing photoperiod in comparison to the decreasing photoperiod (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, for both dates, the lowest tDFI values corresponded to minimum day length for decreasing photoperiod phase (autumn), while the highest tDFI values were found in summer (maximum day length for decreasing photoperiod phase).
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14
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Bucak MN, Akalın PP, Keskin N, Bodu M, Öztürk AE, İli P, Özkan H, Topraggaleh TR, Arslan HO, Başpınar N, Dursun Ş. Combination of fetuin and trehalose in presence of low glycerol has beneficial effects on freeze-thawed ram spermatozoa. Andrology 2021; 9:1000-1009. [PMID: 33438325 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freeze-thawing process negatively affects ram spermatozoa in terms of sperm quality, DNA integrity and antioxidant defence system. Thus, antioxidant supplementation of spermatozoa during freeze-thawing is suggested to improve sperm parameters. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effects of fetuin and trehalose added into ram semen extender on sperm parameters, antioxidant parameters, antioxidant-related gene expressions and DNA integrity during the freeze-thawing process, in low glycerol concentration. METHODS Semen samples collected from six mature rams were pooled and splitted into equal aliquots and diluted with a tris-based extender containing different concentrations of glycerol (G5; %5 and G3; %3), fetuin (F; 2.5, 5 and 15 mg/mL) and trehalose (60 mm) as eight groups (G5F0, G5F2.5, G5F5, G5F15, G3F0, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15). RESULTS G3F5 group resulted in the highest motility, mitochondrial activity and viability and the lowest DNA fragmentation and DNA damage (p < 0.05). Also, G3F0 displayed considerably more cryoprotective effect compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05) in terms of motility, mitochondrial activity and viability rates. Lipid peroxidation levels decreased in G5F5 group compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). The levels of total glutathione increased in G3F2.5 group (p < 0.05) in comparison with the G5F0 group. NQO1 gene levels were upregulated approximately twofold in G5F5, G5F15, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15 groups compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). The levels of GCLC gene were approximately twofold higher in G3F0, G3F2.5, G3F5 and G3F15 groups compared with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). GSTP1 gene levels were significantly higher with different levels in all treatment groups except for G5F2.5 and G3F0 groups in comparison with G5F0 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Co-supplementation of tris-based extender having low glycerol (3%) with trehalose and fetuin to enhance the quality of ram spermatozoa after freeze-thawing process is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Numan Bucak
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Pınar Peker Akalın
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nazan Keskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bodu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem Öztürk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pinar İli
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Denizli Vocational School of Health Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Tohid Rezaei Topraggaleh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Halil Ozancan Arslan
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Foresty International Center For Livestock Reseach And Training, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuri Başpınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Dursun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Birowo P, Rahendra Wijaya J, Atmoko W, Rasyid N. The effects of varicocelectomy on the DNA fragmentation index and other sperm parameters: a meta-analysis. Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30:15. [PMID: 32944248 PMCID: PMC7488296 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Varicocele is one of the most common causes of reversible male infertility, and 15% of the varicocele patients with normal semen analysis are diagnosed as infertile. According to the current guidelines, varicocelectomy is indicated based on abnormal sperm parameters and not abnormal DNA fragmentation index (DFI) values. Thus, in this study, we performed a meta-analysis of the effects of varicocelectomy on the DFI and other conventional sperm parameters, and determined whether DFI could be used to indicate varicocelectomy for varicocele patients. Results Through an electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases, we included 7 prospective studies including a total of 289 patients in this meta-analysis. The results showed that varicocelectomy significantly reduced DNA fragmentation (mean difference: − 6.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: − 10.04, − 3.69; p < 0.00001) and improved sperm concentration (mean difference: 9.59; 95% CI: 7.80, 11.38; p < 0.00001), progressive motility (mean difference: 8.66; 95% CI: 6.96, 10.36; p < 0.00001), and morphology (mean difference: 2.73; 95% CI: 0,65, 4.80; p = 0.01). Conclusion Varicocelectomy reduced DNA fragmentation and improved sperm concentration, progressive motility, and morphology. Additionally, the analysis showed that an abnormal DFI measurement should be considered as an indication for varicocelectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponco Birowo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Pangeran Diponegoro Street No. 71, Senen Subdistrict, Central Jakarta District, Jakarta, 10430 Indonesia
| | - J Rahendra Wijaya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Pangeran Diponegoro Street No. 71, Senen Subdistrict, Central Jakarta District, Jakarta, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Widi Atmoko
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Pangeran Diponegoro Street No. 71, Senen Subdistrict, Central Jakarta District, Jakarta, 10430 Indonesia
| | - Nur Rasyid
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Pangeran Diponegoro Street No. 71, Senen Subdistrict, Central Jakarta District, Jakarta, 10430 Indonesia
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16
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Bucak MN, Keskin N, Ili P, Bodu M, Akalın PP, Öztürk AE, Özkan H, Topraggaleh TR, Sari F, Başpınar N, Dursun Ş. Decreasing glycerol content by co-supplementation of trehalose and taxifolin hydrate in ram semen extender: Microscopic, oxidative stress, and gene expression analyses. Cryobiology 2020; 96:19-29. [PMID: 32890464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of taxifolin hydrate and trehalose on the quality of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa for the first time. Ejaculates collected from six mature rams were pooled, and divided to eight equal aliquots to extend them with different concentrations of glycerol (%5 and %3), taxifolin hydrate (10, 100, and 500 μM), and trehalose (60 mM) as eight groups (G5T0, G5T10, G5T100, G5T500, G3T0, G3T10, G3T100, and G3T500). After freeze-thawing process of cryopreservation, microscopic and oxidative stress parameters, and gene expression levels were investigated for understanding of possible impacts of taxifolin hydrate and trehalose. The study showed that G3T10 resulted in the highest post-thawed viability and mitochondrial activity. Moreover, all extenders with taxifolin hydrate reduced DNA fragmentation in comparison to G5T0, but DNA damage was prevented at the highest rate in presence of G5T10. The level of LPO significantly decreased in the groups G5T500 and G3T100, and the expression levels of NQO1, GCLC, and GSTP1 genes significantly increased in the groups G5T100, G5T500, G3T10, and G3T100 compared to the group G5T0. Finally, co-supplementation of tris-based extender having 3% glycerol with 60 mM trehalose and 10 μM taxifolin hydrate in cryopreservation extender may be recommended to improve the quality of post-thawed ram spermatozoa. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are suggested to evaluate fertility rates of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa co-supplemented with trehalose and taxifolin hydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Numan Bucak
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Nazan Keskin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ili
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Denizli Vocational School of Health Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Bodu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Pınar Peker Akalın
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem Öztürk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Tohid Rezaei Topraggaleh
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikret Sari
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tavas Vocational School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nuri Başpınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Dursun
- Department of Gynecology and Obsterics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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17
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Mohammadi Z, Tavalaee M, Gharagozloo P, Drevet JR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Could high DNA stainability (HDS) be a valuable indicator of sperm nuclear integrity? Basic Clin Androl 2020; 30:12. [PMID: 32817794 PMCID: PMC7425160 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-020-00110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA®), in addition to identifying the DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) also identifies High DNA satiability (HDS), supposed to reflect the nuclear compaction of spermatozoa. However, data on what exactly this parameter reveals, its relevance and usefulness are contradictory. In order to shed light on this situation, spermatozoa of a cohort (N = 397) of infertile men were subjected to the SCSA®, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling) and CMA3 (Chromomycin A3) tests. In a smaller subcohort (N = 100), aniline blue (AB) and toluidine blue (TB) staining were performed in addition. The objective of this study was thus to answer the question of whether HDS is a relevant and reliable parameter to be taken into account? Results HDS does not appear to be a reliable indicator of nuclear immaturity because it shows a weak correlation with the CMA3, AB and TB stains. The low correlation of HDS with sperm DNA fragmentation (TUNEL and SCSA®) and DNA condensation (CMA3, AB and TB) tests suggests that these two parameters could be decoupled. Unlike DFI and TUNEL, HDS has not been shown to correlate with classic clinical situations of male infertility (asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia or astheno-teratozoospermia). Conclusion HDS correlates poorly with most tests that focus specifically on the level of maturity of the sperm nucleus. To our knowledge, this study is the first to compare SCSA®, TUNEL, AB, TB and CMA3 assays on identical samples. It shows the potency, consistency and limitations of each test and the care that must be taken in their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Mohammadi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - P Gharagozloo
- CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA
| | - J R Drevet
- GReD Institute, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM-CNRS-Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Öztürk AE, Bodu M, Bucak MN, Ağır V, Özcan A, Keskin N, İli P, Topraggaleh TR, Sidal H, Başpınar N, Dursun Ş. The synergistic effect of trehalose and low concentrations of cryoprotectants can improve post-thaw ram sperm parameters. Cryobiology 2020; 95:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Shahreza FD, Hajian M, Gharagozloo P, Drevet JR, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Impact of vitamin D deficiency on mouse sperm structure and function. Andrology 2020; 8:1442-1455. [PMID: 32421931 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodents and humans, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with altered sperm structure and function (primarily decreased motility and morphological abnormalities) that are primarily attributed to VDD-induced hypocalcemia. However, it is suspected that VDD has much more drastic effects on mammalian spermatozoa. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to illustrate that VDD, depending on its severity and duration, can alter sperm nuclear integrity and can also lead to the loss of spermatozoa's ability to support embryonic development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of induced VDD combining the action of a vitamin D-deficient diet, UV exposure limitation, and paricalcitol injections; a vitamin D2 analog that catabolizes endogenous vitamin D by increasing the expression of CYP24A, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, has been used to create different grades of VDD. RESULTS We show that the most significant sperm defect recorded concerns the integrity of the paternal nucleus, which is both decondensed and fragmented in moderate-to-severe VDD situations. Consistent with the known consequences of fertilization with DNA-damaged spermatozoa, we show that paternal VDD decreases the ability of spermatozoa to optimally support fertilization and embryonic development. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Given the worldwide high prevalence of VDD in humans, and although obtained in an animal model, the data presented here suggest that subfertile/infertile males may benefit from VDD testing and that attempts to correct serum vitamin D levels could be considered prior to conception, either naturally or through ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dehghan Shahreza
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Joël R Drevet
- GReD Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, CNRS UMR6293-INSERM U1103-Univesité Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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Barbăroșie C, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Diagnostic value of advanced semen analysis in evaluation of male infertility. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13625. [PMID: 32458468 DOI: 10.1111/and.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional semen analysis is the standard of care to initially evaluate the fertility status of a male patient. However, it has some limitations and among these are failure to correctly identify the aetiology underlying fertility problems, intra- and inter-observer variability and incomplete information about sperm function. Considering these drawbacks, advanced semen tests have been developed to assess male infertility, including sperm function tests, oxidative stress (OS) and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) tests. This review illustrates the commonly utilised sperm function techniques, along with the assays used to assess SDF and OS and their diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Barbăroșie
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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21
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Dave P, Farber N, Vij S. Conventional semen analysis and advanced sperm function tests in diagnosis and management of varicocele. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13629. [PMID: 32369238 DOI: 10.1111/and.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical varicoceles are a common cause of male infertility and affect sperm parameters as measured in a conventional semen analysis. Varicocelectomy has been shown in prospective studies to improve semen parameters in men with a clinical varicocele. Clinical varicoceles are also a well-known source of oxidative stress which may affect the quality of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to a limited capacity for DNA repair. The susceptibility of spermatozoa to oxidative stress is modulated by a balance between ROS and antioxidants, which can be quantified by various laboratory assays. Varicocelectomy has been consistently shown to reduce both ROS and sperm DNA fragmentation, and various assays should be utilised in the diagnosis and treatment of infertile men with a clinical varicocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dave
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Farber
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Vij
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Peña ST, Stone F, Gummow B, Parker AJ, Paris DBBP. Tropical summer induces DNA fragmentation in boar spermatozoa: implications for evaluating seasonal infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:590-601. [PMID: 30414622 DOI: 10.1071/rd18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Summer infertility continues to undermine pig productivity, costing the pig industry millions in annual losses. The boar's inefficient capacity to sweat, non-pendulous scrotum and the extensive use of European breeds in tropical conditions, can make the boar particularly vulnerable to the effects of heat stress; however, the link between summer heat stress and boar sperm DNA damage has not yet been demonstrated. Semen from five Large White boars was collected and evaluated during the early dry, late dry and peak wet seasons to determine the effect of seasonal heat stress on the quality and DNA integrity of boar spermatozoa. DNA damage in spermatozoa during the peak wet was 16-fold greater than during the early dry and nearly 9-fold greater than during the late dry season. Sperm concentration was 1.6-fold lower in the peak wet than early dry whereas no difference was found across several motility parameters as determined by computer-assisted sperm analysis. These results demonstrate that tropical summer (peak wet season) induces DNA damage and reduces concentration without depressing motility in boar spermatozoa, suggesting that traditional methods of evaluating sperm motility may not detect inherently compromised spermatozoa. Boar management strategies (such as antioxidant supplementation) need to be developed to specifically mitigate this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago T Peña
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Felicity Stone
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Bruce Gummow
- Discipline of Veterinary Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Anthony J Parker
- College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Damien B B P Paris
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
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23
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Ghaffarilaleh V, Fisher D, Henkel R. Carica papaya seed extract slows human sperm. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 241:111972. [PMID: 31128152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional healers use Carica papaya seeds as a remedy for diseases and as a contraceptive for men and abortion in women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Semen samples from 35 healthy men were allowed to liquefy and subsequently incubated for 60 min in Human Tubular Fluid medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin with aqueous C. papaya seed extract at concentrations of zero, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 25, 250 and 2500 μg/ml. Afterwards, sperm were washed and used for assessment of capacitation and acrosome reaction, DNA fragmentation, vitality, motility, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS The extract showed no effects on straight-line velocity, linearity, straightness, beat-cross frequency and the percentage of capacitated, acrosome-reacted sperm. In contrast, vitality, total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, average-path velocity and the percentages of hyper-activated, ROS-positive and MMP-intact sperm decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the percentage of DNA-fragmented sperm increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that aqueous C. papaya seed extract significantly and negatively affects sperm motility parameters crucial for fertility; and thus, poses as a likely candidate for male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ghaffarilaleh
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd., Bellville, South Africa
| | - D Fisher
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd., Bellville, South Africa
| | - R Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd., Bellville, South Africa; American Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Carnegie Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Leisegang K, Henkel R, Agarwal A. Obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and the impact on the male reproductive system. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13178. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town South Africa
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Urology American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Department of Urology American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
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Borges E, Zanetti BF, Setti AS, Braga DPDAF, Provenza RR, Iaconelli A. Sperm DNA fragmentation is correlated with poor embryo development, lower implantation rate, and higher miscarriage rate in reproductive cycles of non-male factor infertility. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:483-490. [PMID: 31200969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the implications of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles for non-male factor infertility. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Private university-affiliated IVF center. PATIENT(S) Data from 475 cycles performed from June 2016 to June 2017. INTERVENTION(S) Cycles were divided according to SDF rate into two groups: <30% SDF (n = 433) and ≥30% SDF (n = 42). Laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared between groups by generalized linear models adjusted for potential confounders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Embryo quality and miscarriage rates. RESULT(S) Fertilization rate was similar between groups (≥30% SDF, 85.28% ± 1.06% vs. <30% SDF, 90.68% ± 3.61%). Significantly lower rates of normal cleavage speed (≥30% SDF, 61.12% ± 4.21% vs. <30% SDF, 72.53% ± 1.24%), high-quality embryos at day 3 (≥30% SDF, 23.07% ± 5.56% vs. <30% SDF, 36.41% ± 1.53%), blastocyst formation (≥30% SDF, 39.09% ± 2.73% vs. <30% SDF, 58.83% ± 7.59%), blastocyst quality (≥30% SDF, 11.97% ± 1.22% vs. <30% SDF, 30.09% ± 2.39%), and implantation (33.24% ± 1.66% vs. <30% SDF, 46.40% ± 4.61%) were observed in cycles with higher SDF, despite similar pregnancy rates (≥30% SDF, 30.40% vs. <30% SDF, 32.40%). A 2.5-fold miscarriage rate was observed in cycles with an SDF above the established cutoff (≥30% SDF, 42.8% vs. <30% SDF, 16.8%). CONCLUSION(S) Higher SDF is correlated with poor embryo development, lower implantation rate, and higher miscarriage rate in non-male factor infertility intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Since defects in sperm may be hidden, the SDF test can bring additional information to the sperm quality evaluation of men with unknown infertility history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Sapientiae, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Ferrarini Zanetti
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Sapientiae, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Sapientiae, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Assumpto Iaconelli
- Fertility Medical Group, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Sapientiae, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ili P, Sari F, Bucak MN, Öztürk C, Güngör Ş, Ataman MB. DNA damaging effect of paclitaxel in the epididymal sperms as a chemotherapeutic agent and possible remedies to prevent this effect: A study on reproductive potential of male cancer patients of reproductive age. Theriogenology 2019; 132:201-211. [PMID: 31029850 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem, young cancer patients therefore undergo chemotherapy, and most of them may lose their fertility. DNA damage level provides important clues about the quality and reproductive potential of spermatozoa. In this study, we evaluated the levels of both DNA fragmentation and abnormal DNA integrity in the epididymal sperms of New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) after cryopreservation using the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and the toluidine blue (TB) staining methods and assessed the effects of paclitaxel, resveratrol, l-glutamine (LG), and basal medium eagle (BME) solution on DNA damage. Paclitaxel induced the levels of both DNA damages in the sperms, but resveratrol ameliorated this effect. LG and BME supplementation to the extender prevented the sperm samples from DNA fragmentation after cryopreservation. Chemotherapy drugs containing paclitaxel can cause the sperm DNA to be damaged, and hence adversely affect the fertility of male cancer patients of reproductive age. The administration of resveratrol together with paclitaxel may ameliorate the DNA damage inducing effect of paclitaxel. Sperm banking and cryopreservation with the appropriate cryoprotectants such as LG and BME prior to cancer treatment can also be suggested to all male cancer patients of reproductive age facing cancer treatment for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ili
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Denizli Vocational School of Health Services, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Fikret Sari
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Tavas Vocational School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Numan Bucak
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Caner Öztürk
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Güngör
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bozkurt Ataman
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Setayesh T, Nersesyan A, Mišík M, Ferk F, Langie S, Andrade VM, Haslberger A, Knasmüller S. Impact of obesity and overweight on DNA stability: Few facts and many hypotheses. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:64-91. [PMID: 30115431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Health authorities are alarmed worldwide about the increase of obesity and overweight in the last decades which lead to adverse health effects including inflammation, cancer, accelerated aging and infertility. We evaluated the state of knowledge concerning the impact of elevated body mass on genomic instability. Results of investigations with humans (39 studies) in which DNA damage was monitored in lymphocytes and sperm cells, are conflicting and probably as a consequence of heterogeneous study designs and confounding factors (e.g. uncontrolled intake of vitamins and minerals and consumption of different food types). Results of animal studies with defined diets (23 studies) are more consistent and show that excess body fat causes DNA damage in multiple organs including brain, liver, colon and testes. Different molecular mechanisms may cause genetic instability in overweight/obese individuals. ROS formation and lipid peroxidation were found in several investigations and may be caused by increased insulin, fatty acid and glucose levels or indirectly via inflammation. Also reduced DNA repair and formation of advanced glycation end products may play a role but more data are required to draw firm conclusions. Reduction of telomere lengths and hormonal imbalances are characteristic for overweight/obesity but the former effects are delayed and moderate and hormonal effects were not investigated in regard to genomic instability in obese individuals. Increased BMI values affect also the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes which activate/detoxify genotoxic carcinogens, but no studies concerning the impact of these alterations of DNA damage in obese individuals are available. Overall, the knowledge concerning the impact of increased body weight and DNA damage is poor and further research is warranted to shed light on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vanessa M Andrade
- Laboratório de Biologia Celulare Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Brazil
| | | | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Cho CL, Agarwal A. Role of sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2018; 16:21-34. [PMID: 29713533 PMCID: PMC5922225 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarise the latest evidence on the role of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in male factor infertility, as SDF has been emerging as a valuable tool for male infertility evaluation. METHODS A search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords 'sperm DNA fragmentation' and 'male infertility'. Studies in languages other than English were excluded. All identified studies were screened and clinical studies in humans were included. RESULTS In all, 150 articles were included for analysis. Current evidence supports the association between high SDF and poor reproductive outcomes for natural conception and intrauterine insemination. Although the relationship between high SDF and in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection is less clear, the negative implication of high SDF on pregnancy loss is evident. Various treatment strategies have been attempted with varying success. The predictive value of SDF testing on outcomes of natural pregnancy and assisted reproduction illustrates its value in clinical practice. CONCLUSION The significant role of SDF in male factor infertility is supported by current evidence. The beneficial role of SDF testing in selection of varicocelectomy candidates, evaluation of patients with unexplained infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss, selection of the most appropriate assisted reproductive technique with highest success rate for infertile couples, and assessment of infertile men with modifiable lifestyle factors or gonadotoxin exposure has been recently proposed.
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Key Words
- ART, assisted reproductive technology
- ASRM, American Society for Reproductive Medicine
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART)
- Comet, single cell gel electrophoresis assay
- EAU, European Association of Urology
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- IMSI, intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection
- IUI, intrauterine insemination
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- MACS, magnetic cell sorting
- Male infertility
- OR, odds ratio
- PICSI, physiological ICSI with hyaluronic acid binding assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RR, relative risk
- SCD, sperm chromatin dispersion
- SCSA, sperm chromatin structure assay
- SDF, sperm DNA fragmentation
- Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF)
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak-Lam Cho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Rex AS, Aagaard J, Fedder J. DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa: a historical review. Andrology 2018; 5:622-630. [PMID: 28718529 PMCID: PMC5601286 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sperm DNA Fragmentation has been extensively studied for more than a decade. In the 1940s the uniqueness of the spermatozoa protein complex which stabilizes the DNA was discovered. In the fifties and sixties, the association between unstable chromatin structure and subfertility was investigated. In the seventies, the impact of induced DNA damage was investigated. In the 1980s the concept of sperm DNA fragmentation as related to infertility was introduced as well as the first DNA fragmentation test: the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labelling (TUNEL) test followed by others was introduced in the nineties. The association between DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa and pregnancy loss has been extensively investigated spurring the need for a therapeutic tool for these patients. This gave rise to an increased interest in the aetiology of DNA damage. The present decade continues within this research area. Some of the more novel methods recently submerging are sorting of cells with increased DNA fragmentation and hyaluronic acid (HA) binding techniques. The clinical value of these tests remains to be elucidated. In spite of half a century of research within the area, this analysis is not routinely implemented into the fertility clinics. The underlying causes are multiple. The abundance of methods has impeded the need for a clinical significant threshold. One of the most promising methods was commercialized in 2005 and has been reserved for larger licensed laboratories. Myriads of reviews and meta‐analyses on studies using different assays for analysis of DNA fragmentation, different clinical Artificial Reproductive Treatments (ART), different definitions of successful ART outcome and small patient cohorts have been published. Although the area of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa is highly relevant in the fertility clinics, the need for further studies focusing on standardization of the methods and clinical implementation persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rex
- Aagaard Gynaecological Clinic, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Andrology & Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Aagaard
- Aagaard Gynaecological Clinic, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Fedder
- Centre of Andrology & Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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30
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Panner Selvam MK, Agarwal A. A systematic review on sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: Laboratory assessment. Arab J Urol 2018; 16:65-76. [PMID: 29713537 PMCID: PMC5922187 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To review sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing as an important sperm function test in addition to conventional semen analysis. High SDF is negatively associated with semen quality, the fertilisation process, embryo quality, and pregnancy outcome. Over recent decades, different SDF assays have been developed and reviewed extensively to assess their applicability and accuracy as advanced sperm function tests. Amongst them, the standardisation of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay with a bench top flow cytometer in clinical practice deserves special mention with a threshold value of 16.8% to differentiate infertile men with DNA damage from fertile men. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was performed through the PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect databases using the keywords ‘sperm DNA fragmentation’ and ‘laboratory assessment’. Non-English articles were excluded and studies related to humans were only included. Results Of the 618 identified, 87 studies (original research and reviews) and in addition eight book chapters meeting the selection criteria were included in this review. In all, 366 articles were rejected in the preliminary screening and a further 165 articles related to non-human subjects were excluded. Conclusion There are pros and cons to all the available SDF assays. TUNEL is a reliable technique with greater accuracy and as an additional diagnostic test in Andrology laboratories along with basic semen analysis can predict fertility outcome, and thus direct the choice of an assisted reproductive technology procedure for infertile couples. Also, the TUNEL assay can be used as a prognostic test and results are beneficial in deciding personalised treatment for infertile men.
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Key Words
- AO, acridine orange
- ART, assisted reproductive technology
- CMA3, chromomysin A3
- DFI, DNA fragmentation index
- DNA damage
- FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection
- IUI, intrauterine insemination
- IVF, in vitro fertilisation
- PI, propidium iodide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCD, sperm chromatin dispersion
- SCSA, sperm chromatin structure assay
- SDF, sperm DNA fragmentation
- Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF)
- Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) assay
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick-end labelling
- TdT, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
- Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)
- dUTP, 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- ssDNA, single-strand DNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Fraser L, Zasiadczyk Ł, Pareek CS. Effects of boar variability on comet-detected sperm-DNA damage following cryopreservation. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of sperm-DNA integrity is a crucial issue in male fertility. In the present study, parameters derived from the image analysis of comets after single-cell gel electrophoresis were used to analyse the types of DNA damage of frozen–thawed boar spermatozoa. Semen, frozen in a cryoprotectant-free extender or in cryoprotectant-based extenders, was analysed for DNA fragmentation and with the following comet tail measures: percentage DNA in comet tail, comet tail length and olive tail moment. The percentages of sperm DNA damage in the comet tails were classified as Type 0 (no DNA damage), Type I (very low DNA damage), Type II (light DNA damage), Type III (medium DNA damage) and Type IV (heavy DNA damage). Sperm motility characteristics and membrane integrity were assessed in the pre-freeze and frozen–thawed semen samples. Assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation and comet tail measures showed marked inter-boar variability following cryopreservation. However, consistent differences among the boars, with respect to cryo-induced sperm DNA damage, were detected by the comet tail length and olive tail moment. Besides Type IV, all types of DNA damage were detected in the cryoprotectant-based extenders. It was found that the frequency of Type II and Type III of DNA damage of frozen–thawed spermatozoa was significantly greater in the cryoprotectant-based and cryoprotectant-free extenders respectively. Deterioration in the quality of the sperm DNA integrity was concomitant with a marked decline in sperm motility characteristics, reduced plasma membrane integrity and higher lipid peroxidation and aspartate aminotransferase activity after cryopreservation. It can be suggested that the comet-assay parameters, coupled with routine laboratory tests, are useful to improve the sperm evaluations of post-thaw quality of semen from individual boars and would offer more comprehensive information for a better understanding of the degree of cryo-induced sperm-DNA damage.
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CELLS OF SPERMATOGENIC EPITHELIUM AND EJACULATE UNDER CONDITIONS OF ETHANOL INTOXICATION. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2018-3-65-143-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carrell DT, Hotaling J. Using sperm testing to improve patient and offspring health: rational, evidence-based care of the infertile male in the ART clinic. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:S443-S445. [PMID: 29082158 PMCID: PMC5643637 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T Carrell
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Hotaling
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Oehninger
- The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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36
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Gosalvez J, Tvrda E, Agarwal A. Free radical and superoxide reactivity detection in semen quality assessment: past, present, and future. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:697-707. [PMID: 28341974 PMCID: PMC5445049 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-established cause of male infertility, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) impairing sperm production, motility, membrane, and DNA integrity. Currently, most clinics do not test infertile patients for the imbalance between ROS generation and the ability of the antioxidants to scavenge them, although there is a clear need for andrology laboratories to be able to identify and/or quantify seminal oxidative stress. As such there is a clinical urgency for an inexpensive and easy-to-perform assay able to identify oxidative stress in semen. The aim of this review is to provide information on the currently available methods to assess and quantify ROS and particularly superoxide in male reproductive cells, tissues, and fluids which may have a significant clinical utility in identifying men with impaired fertility associated with oxidative stress. Through a deeper understanding of oxidative stress and its assessment options, clinical andrology labs may better assist patients to achieve increased rates of fertility and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gosalvez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Department of Animal Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Ribeiro S, Sharma R, Gupta S, Cakar Z, De Geyter C, Agarwal A. Inter- and intra-laboratory standardization of TUNEL assay for assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation. Andrology 2017; 5:477-485. [PMID: 28245344 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges with the sperm DNA fragmentation results is the inconsistency and the large variability in the results obtained by different techniques. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay quantifies the incorporation of fluoresceinated dUTP into single- and double-strand DNA breaks by labeling the 3'-OH terminal with TdT. The goal of this study was optimize the TUNEL protocol for assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation by standardization of the method and comparison of the data across two reference laboratories (i) at Basel, Switzerland and (ii) Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA. Semen samples from 31 subjects grouped into three cohorts. Sperm DNA fragmentation was data measured by two experienced operators at two different laboratories using identical semen samples, assay kit, protocol and acquisition settings using identical flow cytometers (BD Accuri C6). No significant differences were observed between the duplicates in any of the experiments performed. By including an additional washing step after fixation in paraformaldehyde, a high correlation was seen between the two laboratories (r = 0.94). A strong positive correlation was observed between the average sperm DNA fragmentation rates (r = 0.719). The mean sperm DNA fragmentation measured in each laboratory was similar. Both flow cytometers were identical in their settings and performance. This inter- and intra-laboratory study establishes that TUNEL is a reproducible assay when utilizing a standardized staining protocol and flow cytometer acquisition settings. Standardization and consensual guidelines for TUNEL validate the assay and establishes TUNEL as a robust test for measuring sperm DNA fragmentation especially in a multicenter setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ribeiro
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Gupta
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Z Cakar
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C De Geyter
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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38
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Simon L, Zini A, Dyachenko A, Ciampi A, Carrell DT. A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of sperm DNA damage on in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:80-90. [PMID: 27345006 PMCID: PMC5227680 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.182822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm DNA damage is prevalent among infertile men and is known to influence natural reproduction. However, the impact of sperm DNA damage on assisted reproduction outcomes remains controversial. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies on sperm DNA damage (assessed by SCSA, TUNEL, SCD, or Comet assay) and clinical pregnancy after IVF and/or ICSI treatment from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED database searches for this analysis. We identified 41 articles (with a total of 56 studies) including 16 IVF studies, 24 ICSI studies, and 16 mixed (IVF + ICSI) studies. These studies measured DNA damage (by one of four assays: 23 SCSA, 18 TUNEL, 8 SCD, and 7 Comet) and included a total of 8068 treatment cycles (3734 IVF, 2282 ICSI, and 2052 mixed IVF + ICSI). The combined OR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.49–1.89; P < 0.0001) indicates that sperm DNA damage affects clinical pregnancy following IVF and/or ICSI treatment. In addition, the combined OR estimates of IVF (16 estimates, OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.34–2.04; P < 0.0001), ICSI (24 estimates, OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.08–1.59; P = 0.0068), and mixed IVF + ICSI studies (16 estimates, OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.89–2.97; P < 0.0001) were also statistically significant. There is sufficient evidence in the existing literature suggesting that sperm DNA damage has a negative effect on clinical pregnancy following IVF and/or ICSI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Simon
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Armand Zini
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital Center, St. Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1M5, Canada
| | - Alina Dyachenko
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital Center, St. Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1M5, Canada
| | - Antonio Ciampi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital Center, St. Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1M5, Canada
| | - Douglas T Carrell
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Tamburrino L, Cambi M, Marchiani S, Manigrasso I, Degl'Innocenti S, Forti G, Maggi M, Baldi E, Muratori M. Sperm DNA fragmentation in cryopreserved samples from subjects with different cancers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:637-645. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is widely used by cancer patients undergoing chemo- or radiotherapy. Evidence suggests that IVF outcome with cryopreserved spermatozoa from cancer patients is less successful. To determine whether sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is involved in the lower fertilising ability of cryopreserved spermatozoa of cancer patients, SDF was evaluated in thawed spermatozoa from 78 men affected by different cancers and 53 men with non-cancer pathologies. SDF was assessed by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP–digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL), propidium iodide (PI), flow cytometry procedure, which allows determination of two different cell populations (PIbrighter and PIdimmer) and thus to determine the percentage of DNA fragmented sperm in both. PIdimmer spermatozoa are totally unviable, whereas PIbrighter spermatozoa with SDF may be motile and morphologically normal, having higher biological relevance in the reproductive process. We found that the proportion of DNA fragmented PIbrighter cells was significantly higher in thawed spermatozoa from cancer than non-cancer patients. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the degree of DNA fragmentation and sperm motility in the PIbrighter population of spermatozoa from cancer patients that wasn’t seen in non-cancer patients. The results of the present study suggest that higher SDF levels may contribute to the lower IVF success of cryopreserved spermatozoa from cancer patients and that evaluation of SDF could complement genetic counselling as part of the routine management of cancer patients who seek fertility preservation.
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Bergamo P, Volpe MG, Lorenzetti S, Mantovani A, Notari T, Cocca E, Cerullo S, Di Stasio M, Cerino P, Montano L. Human semen as an early, sensitive biomarker of highly polluted living environment in healthy men: A pilot biomonitoring study on trace elements in blood and semen and their relationship with sperm quality and RedOx status. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 66:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Simon L, Aston KI, Emery BR, Hotaling J, Carrell DT. Sperm DNA damage output parameters measured by the alkaline Comet assay and their importance. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Simon
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Urology); University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - K. I. Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Urology); University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - B. R. Emery
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Urology); University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - J. Hotaling
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Urology); University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - D. T. Carrell
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory; Department of Surgery (Urology); University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
- Department of Human Genetics; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
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Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJG. Current updates on laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of male reproductive failure. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:392-401. [PMID: 27056346 PMCID: PMC4854088 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.179161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of male reproductive failure leading to infertility, whether due to delayed parenthood, environmental issues, genetic factors, drugs, etc., is increasing throughout the world. The diagnosis and prognosis of male subfertility have become a challenge. While the basic semen assessment has been performed for many years, a number of studies question the value of the traditional semen characteristics. This is partly due to inadequate methods and standardization, limited knowledge of technical requirements for quality assurance, and an incomplete understanding of what clinical information a semen assessment can provide. Laboratories currently performing semen and endocrine assessment show great variability. The World Health Organization (WHO) manual for the evaluation of semen has been the core of andrology and fertility evaluation that has helped in further development of this field over many years. These include the physical appearance of the ejaculate, assessments of sperm count, motility, vitality, morphology, and functional aspects of the sperm and semen sample. These tests also include male endocrine profile, biochemical evaluation of the semen, detection of antisperm antibodies in serum, the use of computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA), sperm DNA integrity, and its damage due to oxidative stress. Assisted reproductive techniques (e.g., IVF, ICSI) have shown great success but are too expensive. Further development in this field with newer techniques and extensive training/instructions can improve accuracy and reduce variability, thus maintaining the quality and standards of such an evaluation. There is an urgent need to have standardized training centers and increased awareness in this area of men's health for reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Wayne JG Hellstrom
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Sperm DNA damage-the effect of stress and everyday life factors. Int J Impot Res 2016; 28:148-54. [PMID: 27076112 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of sperm DNA damage lies in its association with natural conception rates and also might have a serious consequence on developmental outcome of the newborn. The aim of the present study is to determine whether stress and everyday life factors are associated with sperm DNA damage in adult men. The study population consisted of 286 men who attended the infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 20-300 m ml(-1) or with slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20 m ml(-1)) (WHO, 1999). Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The sperm chromatin structure assay was assessed using flow cytometry. In the present study, we found evidence for a relationship between sperm DNA damage parameters and everyday life factors. High and medium level of occupational stress and age increase DNA fragmentation index (P=0.03, P=0.004 and P=0.03, respectively). Other lifestyle factors that were positively associated with percentage of immature sperms (high DNA stainability index) included: obesity and cell phone use for more than 10 years (P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively). Our findings indicate that stress and lifestyle factor may affect sperm DNA damage. Data from the present study showed a significant effect of age, obesity, mobile phone radiation and occupational stress on sperm DNA damage. As DNA fragmentation represents an extremely important parameter indicative of infertility and potential outcome of assisted reproduction treatment, and most of the lifestyle factors are easily modifiable, the information about factors that may affect DNA damage are important.
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An Update on Oxidative Damage to Spermatozoa and Oocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9540142. [PMID: 26942204 PMCID: PMC4749785 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9540142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high levels of ROS or too low levels of antioxidative protection will render these cells dysfunctional thereby failing the fertilization process and causing couples to be infertile. Numerous causes are responsible for the delicate bodily redox system being out of balance and causing disease and infertility. Many of these causes are modifiable such as lifestyle factors like obesity, poor nutrition, heat stress, smoking, or alcohol abuse. Possible correctable measures include foremost lifestyle changes, but also supplementation with antioxidants to scavenge excessive ROS. However, this should only be done after careful examination of the patient and establishment of the individual bodily antioxidant needs. In addition, other corrective measures include sperm separation for assisted reproductive techniques. However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization.
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Malić Vončina S, Golob B, Ihan A, Kopitar AN, Kolbezen M, Zorn B. Sperm DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential combined are better for predicting natural conception than standard sperm parameters. Fertil Steril 2015; 105:637-644.e1. [PMID: 26696300 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether DNA fragmentation and/or mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) predict natural conception better than standard sperm parameters. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING University medical center. PATIENT(S) Eighty-five infertile and 51 fertile men. INTERVENTION(S) Assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation, MMP, and standard semen parameters over a 6- to 12-month observation period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comparison between the results of DNA fragmentation, MMP, and standard sperm parameters alone or combined and achievement of natural conception. RESULT(S) Twenty-six of the 85 (31%) men from infertile couples conceived naturally. The median values of DNA fragmentation and MMP in the men who conceived within the observation period were similar to those in the fertile controls. Optimal threshold values of DNA fragmentation and MMP were 25% as determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve [AUC], 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.82) and 62.5% (AUC, 0.68, 95% CI 0.56-0.80), respectively. The men in the infertile group with values of DNA fragmentation ≤25% and with MMP values ≥62.5% had significantly higher odds for conception (odds ratio [OR], 5.22; 95% CI 1.82-14.93] and OR, 4.67; 95% CI 1.74-12.5, respectively). Normal semen analysis alone had no predictive value for natural conception (OR, 1.84; 95% CI 0.67-5.07]). Both sperm function tests combined had significant odds for natural conception (OR, 8.24; 95% CI 2.91-23.33]), with a probability of 0.607 (60.7%) for both normal values and 0.158 (15.8%) for abnormal values. CONCLUSION(S) Sperm DNA fragmentation and MMP combined may be superior to standard semen parameters for the prediction of natural conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Malić Vončina
- Andrology Unit, Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Golob
- Andrology Unit, Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Nataša Kopitar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Kolbezen
- Andrology Unit, Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branko Zorn
- Andrology Unit, Reproductive Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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INFERTILIDAD MASCULINA Y FRAGMENTACIÓN DEL ADN ESPERMÁTICO: UN PROBLEMA ACTUAL. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Jeng HA, Pan CH, Chao MR, Lin WY. Sperm DNA oxidative damage and DNA adducts. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 794:75-82. [PMID: 26653986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate DNA damage and adducts in sperm from coke oven workers who have been exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A longitudinal study was conducted with repeated measurements during spermatogenesis. Coke-oven workers (n=112) from a coke-oven plant served the PAH-exposed group, while administrators and security personnel (n=67) served the control. Routine semen parameters (concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) were analyzed simultaneously; the assessment of sperm DNA integrity endpoints included DNA fragmentation, bulky DNA adducts, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). The degree of sperm DNA fragmentation was measured using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The PAH-exposed group had a significant increase in bulky DNA adducts and 8-oxo-dGuo compared to the control subjects (Ps=0.002 and 0.045, respectively). Coke oven workers' percentages of DNA fragmentation and denaturation from the PAH-exposed group were not significantly different from those of the control subjects (Ps=0.232 and 0.245, respectively). Routine semen parameters and DNA integrity endpoints were not correlated. Concentrations of 8-oxo-dGuo were positively correlated with percentages of DNA fragmentation measured by both TUNEL and SCSA (Ps=0.045 and 0.034, respectively). However, the concentrations of 8-oxo-dGuo and percentages of DNA fragmentation did not correlate with concentrations of bulky DNA adducts. In summary, coke oven workers with chronic exposure to PAHs experienced decreased sperm DNA integrity. Oxidative stress could contribute to the degree of DNA fragmentation. Bulky DNA adducts may be independent of the formation of DNA fragmentation and oxidative adducts in sperm. Monitoring sperm DNA integrity is recommended as a part of the process of assessing the impact of occupational and environmental toxins on sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4608 Hampton Boulevard, Health Sciences Building Room 3140 Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Chih-Hong Pan
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pizzol D, Bertoldo A, Foresta C. Male infertility: biomolecular aspects. Biomol Concepts 2015; 5:449-56. [PMID: 25390025 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a problem that faces increasing interest, and the continuous development of assisted reproduction techniques solicits attempts to identify a precise diagnosis, in particular for idiopathic infertile couples and those undergoing assisted reproductive technique cycles. To date, diagnosis of male infertility is commonly based on standard semen analysis, but in many cases, this is not enough to detect any sperm abnormality. A better understanding of biomolecular issues and mechanism of damaged spermatogenesis and the refinement of the molecular techniques for sperm evaluation and selection are important advances that can lead to the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic management of male and couple infertility. Faced with a growing number of new proposed techniques and diagnostic tests, it is fundamental to know which tests are already routinely used in the clinical practice and those that are likely to be used in the near future. This review focuses on the main molecular diagnostic techniques for male infertility and on newly developed methods that will probably be part of routine sperm analysis in the near future.
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Zhong HZ, Lv FT, Deng XL, Hu Y, Xie DN, Lin B, Mo ZN, Lin FQ. Evaluating γH2AX in spermatozoa from male infertility patients. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:574-81. [PMID: 26158906 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether γH2AX levels were different in the spermatozoa of healthy men compared with infertility patients, and to assess the possible correlations between γH2AX and conventional semen parameters and double-stranded breaks (DSBs) identified with the use of comet assay. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Clinical laboratory. PATIENT(S) Semen from 100 male infertile patients and 100 healthy sperm donors. INTERVENTION(S) Human sperm samples were analyzed in terms of World Health Organization parameters. The γH2AX levels were detected by means of flow cytometry. DSBs of sperm were detected by means of comet assay. Morphology slides were made and the sperm morphology assessed according to strict criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Conventional semen analyses, γH2AX levels in sperm, DNA DSBs in sperm, and correlations among γH2AX, conventional semen analyses, and DSBs. RESULT(S) Concentration, viability, motility, and normal sperm morphology were significantly lower in male infertility patients compared with healthy men. Also, γH2AX levels and the number of DSBs were significantly higher in the sperm of infertile subjects compared with healthy men. γH2AX levels correlated negatively with conventional semen parameters and positively with DSBs. A threshold γH2AX level of 18.55% was identified as a cutoff value to discriminate infertile subjects from fertile control subjects with a specificity of 86.0% and a sensitivity of 83.0%. The positive and negative predictive values of the 18.55% γH2AX threshold were high: 87.7% and 85.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) γH2AX levels were higher in the sperm of male infertility patients than in healthy men. γH2AX levels in sperm, as evaluated with the use of flow cytometry, might be a useful biomarker for evaluating DSBs in human spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-zhi Zhong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-tong Lv
- Research Center for Population and Family Planning of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-lian Deng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-ni Xie
- Research Center for Population and Family Planning of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng-nan Mo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-quan Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Stahl PJ, Cogan C, Mehta A, Bolyakov A, Paduch DA, Goldstein M. Concordance among sperm deoxyribonucleic acid integrity assays and semen parameters. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:56-61.e1. [PMID: 25989978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the concordance of sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) results, epifluorescence TUNEL assay results, and standard semen parameters. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING Tertiary referral andrology clinic. PATIENT(S) A total of 212 men evaluated for subfertility by a single physician. INTERVENTION(S) Clinical history, physical examination, semen analysis, SCSA, and TUNEL assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (r) between SCSA DNA fragmentation index (DFI), percentage TUNEL-positive sperm, and semen analysis parameters. RESULT(S) There was a positive correlation between SCSA DFI and TUNEL (r = 0.31), but the strength of this correlation was weaker than has previously been reported. The discordance rate between SCSA and TUNEL in classifying patients as normal or abnormal was 86 of 212 (40.6%). The SCSA DFI was moderately negatively correlated with sperm concentration and motility. The TUNEL results were unrelated to standard semen parameters. CONCLUSION(S) The SCSA DFI and percentage TUNEL-positive sperm are moderately correlated measures of sperm DNA integrity but yield different results in a large percentage of patients. The DFI is well-correlated with semen analysis parameters, whereas TUNEL is not. These data indicate that the SCSA and TUNEL assay measure different aspects of sperm DNA integrity and should not be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stahl
- Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York.
| | - Chava Cogan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Akanksha Mehta
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alex Bolyakov
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Darius A Paduch
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Marc Goldstein
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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