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Giammarco M, Chincarini M, Fusaro I, Manetta AC, Contri A, Gloria A, Lanzoni L, Mammi LME, Ferri N, Vignola G. Evaluation of Brix Refractometry to Estimate Immunoglobulin G Content in Buffalo Colostrum and Neonatal Calf Serum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092616. [PMID: 34573582 PMCID: PMC8464908 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The protective effects of colostrum in relation to the incidence and severity of newborn ruminant diseases are well established. Neonatal calf depends on the timely supply of high-quality colostrum to prevent the failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins (Ig), which has been linked to increased risk of different diseases and mortality in early stages of life. Despite the relevance of Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) in world dairy production, the available knowledge regarding colostrum quality management remains scarce for this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a simple and rapid tool such as a digital Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum quality and for predicting the success of passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Buffalo calves. For this aim, correlation analysis was performed between Brix results and ELISA-IgG determination from colostrum and serum samples. A strong correlation was found between Brix measurements and IgG content in colostrum and serum samples. Moreover, cut point values for Brix measurements for colostrum and serum samples were determined. Brix refractometry was found to be an acceptable tool for on-farm estimations of colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer (PIT) in Buffalo calves. Abstract Brix refractometry has been widely demonstrated to be a useful tool for monitoring colostrum management program and passive immunity transfer (PIT) in Bovines, but its suitability has never been verified in Buffalo. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a simple and rapid tool such as a digital Brix refractometer to estimate colostrum quality and for evaluating the success of passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Buffalo calves. The optimal cut points levels for Brix Refractometry for distinguishing good- and poor-quality colostrum and for assessing the adequacy of passive immunity transfer in calves were determined. For this aim, 26 first-milking maternal colostrum (MC) were collected from first-calf heifers. Blood samples were obtained from their calves at birth (T0) and 72 hours after (T3). Colostrum and Serum IgG content were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas total protein (TP, g/dL) and percentage Brix (%Brix) by means of a digital Brix refractometer. The mean colostrum IgG was 64.9 ± 29.3 mg/mL. The mean serum %Brix at T3 was 9.6 ± 0.9 %. The mean serum IgG content at T3 was 11.1 ± 2.0 mg/mL. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (rp) was determined between Brix and ELISA measurements: colostrum %Brix showed a significant correlation with serum %Brix (rp = 0.82, p < 0.001); serum %Brix was highly correlated with serum TP (STP, g/dL) (rp = 0.98, p < 0.001) and serum IgG (mg/mL) (rp = 0.85, p < 0.001). A cut point of 18% Brix to estimate samples of MC ≥ 50 mg/mL from first-calf heifers was more appropriate for the buffalo. A cut point of 8.4% Brix resulted in the greatest percentage of calf serum samples being correctly classified. Based on our findings, a digital Brix refractometer could be a useful tool to monitor colostrum quality and to estimate PIT in Buffalo calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Giammarco
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Chincarini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Isa Fusaro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Chiara Manetta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Alberto Contri
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Alessia Gloria
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Lydia Lanzoni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
| | - Ludovica Maria Eugenia Mammi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vignola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.); (A.C.M.); (A.G.); (L.L.); (G.V.)
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TANG J, WEI X, LI Y, JIANG L, FENG T, ZHU H, LI M, CHEN G, YU X, ZHANG J, ZHANG X. Poplar bark lipids enhance mouse immunity by inducing T cell proliferation and differentiation. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1187-1196. [PMID: 32669484 PMCID: PMC7468065 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the composition and application of immune enhancers in livestock and poultry breeding has been gaining interest in recent years. Poplar bark lipids (PBLs), which are extracted from poplar tree bark, are natural substances known to efficiently enhance the immune response. To understand the chemical makeup of PBLs and their underlying mechanism for enhancing the immune system, we extracted PBLs from poplar bark using petroleum ether and subjected these extracts to chemical analysis. To evaluate PBLs effect on the immune system mice were treated with different doses of PBL via gavage and sacrificed 4 weeks later. PBLs were shown to be rich in vitamin E, unsaturated fatty acids, and other immune-potentiating compounds. Treatment with PBLs increased the spleen index and stimulated spleen and thymus development. In addition, PBLs increased the number of CD3+CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells while decreasing the number of CD3+CD8+ cells. Moreover, PBLs significantly increased IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in mouse serum and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in the spleen. Taken together these results demonstrate that PBLs exert their immune-potentiating effects by promoting spleen and thymus development, T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and immune factor expression. These immune-potentiating effects may be related to the activation of TLR4. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of PBLs as an immune adjuvant or feed additive in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu TANG
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety
Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuli WEI
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety
Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Youzhi LI
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety
Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin JIANG
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
| | - Tao FENG
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety
Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei ZHU
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
| | - Meng LI
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
| | - Guozhong CHEN
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
| | - Xin YU
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
| | - Jianlong ZHANG
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology
and Immunology, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xingxiao ZHANG
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264000,
Shandong, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology
and Immunology, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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Qu Y, Elsasser T, Kahl S, Garcia M, Scholte C, Connor E, Schroeder G, Moyes K. The effects of feeding mixed tocopherol oil on whole-blood respiratory burst and neutrophil immunometabolic-related gene expression in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4332-4342. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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