Trials of garments impregnated with “Deet” repellent as an individual protection against Simulium damnosum s. 1., the vector of onchocerciasis in the savanna and forest regions of Cameroon1

The distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the different body regions in relation to the attacking behaviour of Simulium damnosum s.l. in the Sudan savanna of northern Cameroon

Densities of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in four volunteers with low to moderate infections were estimated at five body sites by paired skin snips. The landing of Simulium damnosum s.1. females on the body of these volunteers was recorded during 12 hours for six days. Most flies fed at the ankles (53% and 51%) and calves (28% and 27% respectively) in both the standing and sitting positions. The density of microfilariae in the skin was highest in the pelvic region (24.1 mf/mg) and relatively low in the calf (14.8 mf/mg) and ankle (1.0 mf/mg) regions. From the biting rate (females/body part) and the microfilarial density (mf/mg) a transmission index was calculated for the different body regions. This was highest for the calves showing that this part of the leg, if unclothed, accounts for the highest rate of contact (50 to 60% of total) between vector and parasite.