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Choudhary P, Bhanjana G, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N. Antibacterial Activity of Sustainable Thymol Nanoemulsion Formulations Against the Bacterial Blight Disease on Cluster Bean Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:694-704. [PMID: 39011014 PMCID: PMC11246338 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was nanoencapsulation of thymol to improve its poor water solubility and preservation of encapsulated thymol against environmental conditions. Another goal of the current investigation was to assess the antibacterial activity of thymol nanoemulsion as a sustainable biopesticide to control the bacterial blight of cluster bean. An oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion containing thymol was prepared by a high-energy emulsification method using gum acacia and soya lecithin as natural emulsifiers/surfactants. The characterization of thymol nanoemulsion was carried out using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A mean particle size of about 83.38 nm was recorded within 10 min of sonication. The stability analysis of optimized nanoemulsion showed kinetic stability up to two months of storage at room temperature. The thymol nanoemulsion was found to be spherical with a size ranging from 80-200 nm in diameter using transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the molecular interaction between emulsifier/surfactant and thymol. The antibacterial studies of thymol nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) by growth inhibition analysis showed a potential antibacterial effect against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. cyamopsidis (18-0.1 log CFU/ml). Further, in field experiments, foliar spray of the different concentration of thymol nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) significantly increased the percent efficiency of disease control (25.06-94.48%) and reduced the disease intensity (67.33-4.25%) of bacterial blight in cluster bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Choudhary
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Gaurav Bhanjana
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
- Physics Department, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
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Yugander A, Ershad M, Muthuraman PP, Prakasam V, Ladhalakshmi D, Sheshu Madhav M, Srinivas Prasad M, Sundaram RM, Laha GS. Understanding the variability of rice bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:185-196. [PMID: 34913505 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) of rice is a devastating disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The evolution of new pathogenic races of bacterial blight pathogen is always a potential threat for rice production. The deployment of pathotype-specific resistant genes in the host plants is a feasible strategy to develop BB-resistant varieties. Therefore, continuous disease monitoring, identification of Xoo pathotypes, and their distribution are crucial to managing BB. In this study, 71 Xoo isolates were collected from the Godavari delta in Andhra Pradesh (India) and their virulence profiles on rice BB differentials were characterized. Data revealed that different International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) lines with single BB resistance genes were susceptible to 73.2%-97.2% of the isolates, except IRBB13 (possessing BB resistance gene, xa13) which showed a moderately susceptible or susceptible reaction to 47.9% of the isolates. Three gene combination rice differentials like IRBB56 (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13), IRBB57 (Xa4 + xa5 + Xa21), IRBB58 (Xa4 + xa13 + Xa21), and IRBB59 (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) showed very broad-spectrum resistance to majority of the Xoo isolates from the region. None of the tested Xoo isolates were virulent on IRBB58 (Xa4 + xa13 + Xa21), IRBB60 (Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21), and IRBB66 (Xa4 + xa5 + Xa7 + xa13 + Xa21). Based on the virulence reaction, 71 Xoo isolates were grouped into 10 major pathotypes. Highly virulent pathotypes viz., IXoPt # 14, 17, 19, and 22 can break the resistance of major BB-resistant genes and were commonly distributed throughout the surveyed regions. Genotypic data of 71 Xoo isolates using J3 primer divided them into three major clusters. Cluster I consisted of 24 Xoo isolates that belonged to pathotype IXoPt-19. Cluster II consisted of 41 Xoo isolates belonging to seven different pathotypes, and Cluster III was composed of six isolates from three different pathotypes. The findings of this study will be helpful to develop rice varieties with pathotype-specific broad-spectrum resistance against BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arra Yugander
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Md Ershad
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pitchiah P Muthuraman
- Department of Transfer of Technology and Training, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vellaisamy Prakasam
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Duraisamy Ladhalakshmi
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Maganti Sheshu Madhav
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Raman M Sundaram
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gouri S Laha
- Department of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Radchenko ЕЕ, Abdullaev RA, Alpatieva NV, Putina OV, Gasich EL. Alternaria leaf blight of clusterbean. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Е. Е. Radchenko
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - R. A. Abdullaev
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - N. V. Alpatieva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
| | - O. V. Putina
- Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station – Branch of Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)
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Purkayastha S, Kaur B, Arora P, Bisyer I, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhury A. Molecular Genotyping of Macrophomina phaseolina Isolates: Comparison of Microsatellite Primed PCR and Repetitive Element Sequence-based PCR. JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 156:372-381. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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